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  • 2000-2004  (7)
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Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal transfer of cadmium tolerance in larval Oreochromis mossambicus (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Exposing female tilapia to Cd did not affect reproduction and egg quality, nor the survival of their offspring. The LT50 of Cd-exposed larvae (within 24 h post hatching) from Cd-treated female Oreochromis mossambicus (mean ±S.E.=10·9±0·5 days, n=4) was greater than that of Cd-exposed larvae from control females (6·9± 1·2 days, n=4). A substantial amount of metallothionein mRNA (MT mRNA) was found in both oocytes and newly hatched larvae from Cd-treated females, but MT mRNA levels were low in newly fertilized eggs. The amount of MT mRNA was very low in all these stages in the control group. Cadmium could not be detected at any stage for either control or Cd-treated group, and metallothionein protein levels were also very low in both groups. The early appearance of MT mRNA in oocytes and newly hatched larvae from Cd-treated females may result in early translation after hatching and explain their tolerance to Cd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00789.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and wet oxidation of low-temperature-grown amorphous (Al/Ga,As) (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 747-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous and polycrystalline compounds of (Ga,As) and (Al,As) grown at very low temperatures by molecular-beam epitaxy are characterized. The ultimate microstructure and the amount of excess arsenic incorporated in the (Ga,As) or (Al,As) layers are found to depend on the arsenic overpressure during the low-temperature growth. With lower arsenic overpressure, a polycrystalline structure prevails and less excess arsenic is observed inside the layer. In contrast, a high incorporation of excess arsenic achieved by high-arsenic overpressures leads to the formation of amorphous films. Upon wet oxidation, the lateral oxidation rate of (Al,As) is found to depend on the crystallinity of the (Al,As) layer and the amount of excess arsenic. During the same process, recrystallization proceeds in the (Ga,As) layer. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326466
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain relaxation and defect reduction in InxGa1−xAs/GaAs by lateral oxidation of an underlying AlGaAs layer (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6922-6924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The strain relaxation in In0.25Ga0.75As and In0.4Ga0.6As grown on GaAs substrates at low temperature has been studied before and after laterally oxidizing an underlying Al0.98Ga0.02As layer. The relaxation as a function of layer thickness has been measured by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and x-ray analysis. It is found that oxidation of the Al0.98Ga0.02As layer improves the relaxation of the strained InxGa1−xAs layer. Moreover, the interfacial misfit dislocations have been removed, and the threading dislocation density has decreased approximately by one order of magnitude after oxidation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287766
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations of the infrared transmission properties with the metal–insulator transition in thin films of the yttrium-hydride system (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6135-6138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work investigates the variations of the infrared transmission spectra of yttrium-hydride films YHx during the hydrogen loading process for the frequency range 500–4000 cm−1. The results indicate that the transmittance slightly decreases in the dihydride phase, followed by a significant increase in the trihydride phase. In addition, the carrier concentration decreases, whereas the carrier relaxation time increases with hydrogen content. The hydrogen vibration modes at interstitial sites are completely screened in the dihydride phase. The screening effect decreases as the system goes through the metal–insulator transition. Moreover, the screening effect can be continuously tuned by simply varying the hydrogen content in the yttrium-hydride system. Analysis indicates that the absorption intensity of the vibration mode depends on the carrier concentration. This effect can be used as a diagnostic tool for estimating the carrier concentration and hydrogen content in rare-earth hydrides. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1367879
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of GaP/Al–oxide distributed Bragg reflectors for the visible spectrum (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1044-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using very-low temperature (VLT) molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), polycrystalline GaP/Al–oxide distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been fabricated. The use of high-energy band gap materials, such as GaP, allows for applications in the visible spectrum with minimal absorption of photons in the DBR. Through the use of VLT-MBE and control of the group-V overpressure, the microstructure can be controlled, resulting in either amorphous or polycrystalline material. Due to the nature of the amorphous material, the requirement of lattice matching is relaxed with no adverse effects to the underlying single crystal material. Two DBRs were fabricated, one reflecting at a wavelength of 550 nm and the other 480 nm. Using six pairs of polycrystalline GaP/Al–oxide, a reflectivity of ∼95% was achieved indicating a high-quality DBR suitable for device use. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350597
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral health and dental care in modern-day China (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 29 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – The purpose of this paper is to present salient background information on the oral care situation and organization in China and to review epidemiological literature that has been published on adults in Chinese dental journals during the last 20 years as a context for understanding ongoing oral health research activities in China. Searches were conducted through Medline as well as Chinese language catalogues and around 30 Chinese dental journals. Most oral health surveys on adults were conducted after 1970 mainly on residents living in big cities, which are also the location of major medical universities. Surveys conducted among farmers were uncommon. Dental caries and periodontal disease were the major dental diseases studied. Only a few surveys on people’s oral health knowledge, attitudes and behavior were conducted. Papers concerning dental treatment needs and utilization of dental services among adults were scarce. Sample size was usually not a major problem in these surveys but the sampling methods and diagnostic criteria used were often poorly defined. Mean DMFT scores between 2 and 6 were reported in the 35–44-year-olds and between 9 and 16 in the elderly younger than 75 years. Calculus and gingivitis were reported to be common in adult Chinese; the proportion of subjects with shallow and deep periodontal pockets was not high. Complete edentulousness in the 60–69-year-olds was usually reported to be less than 10%. About 14% of the 35–44-year-olds and 19% of the 65–74-year-olds did not brush their teeth daily/〉.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2001.290501.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dealloying characterizations of Cu-Al alloy in marine environment (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 393-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006782519836
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