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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 36 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to investigate the intraoral distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young adults with minor signs of periodontal disease but harboring the organisms in the oral cavity. 17 healthy volunteers, 20 to 27 years of age, participated. Samples from mucosal surfaces of the oro-pharyngeal cavity and saliva (n=221) as well as subgingival plaque from every tooth (n=477) were selectively cultivated for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Species identity and presence of the leukotoxin encoding gene, ltxA, were checked by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the leukotoxin promoter region was analyzed. No isolate harbored a 530 bp deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin gene, signaling minimally toxic strains. 42.1±30.4% extracrevicular and 34.4±29.5% subgingival samples were culture-positive. In extracrevicular samples, the organism could easily be recovered from cheek mucosa (62%), saliva (59%) and the palatal tonsils (41%). Mean log-transformed numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans colony forming units (CFU/ml) in culture-positive material ranged between 1.8 from the hard palate and 2.3 from 10 μl saliva. The highest prevalence in subgingival plaque was observed at maxillary 3rd molars (55%) followed by maxillary lateral incisors (50%) and mandibular 3rd molars (41%). Mean log-transformed counts of CFU/ml ranged between 2.2 at maxillary 3rd molars and 3.4 at upper central incisors. When adjusted for jaw, site and tooth type, the odds of isolating higher numbers of the organism were increased with every mm probing depth by a factor of 1.35 (p〈0.05). The odds ratio for bleeding on probing was 1.38. Thus, in this young adult population with minor periodontal disease, A. actinomycetemcomitans was mainly associated with some deviation from gingival health. Of concern might be a minority of subjects (29%) with an extremely wide distribution of the organism in the oral cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: Periodontal infections with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans seem to be refractory to conventional therapy. The aim of the present study was to test the in vitro susceptibilities of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains to a panel of seven orally administrable antibiotics.Methods: A total of 60 isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans recovered from 43 individuals with gingivitis or periodontitis were tested. In addition, laboratory strains UP-6 and JP2 were analysed. The E-test was employed in order to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics ampicillin/sulbactam, roxithromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans was highly susceptible to both fluoro-quinolones (MIC90 of 0.006 µg/mL of ciprofloxacin and 0.032 µg/mL of moxifloxacin). Good susceptibilities were found for ampicillin/sulbactam and doxycycline (MIC90 of 0.75 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively), and moderate susceptibilities for azithromycin (MIC90 of 3 µg/mL). Most strains were resistant to metronidazole and roxithromycin. Cluster analysis revealed two larger clusters of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains with the smaller cluster assembling isolates with significantly higher MICs of most antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to reported favourable pharmacokinetics, the fluoro-quinolone moxifloxacin appeared to be a promising candidate for adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy in periodontal infections with A. actinomycetemcomitans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical oral investigations 4 (2000), S. 212-218 
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Keywords Supragingival plaque ; Gingivitis ; Risk factor analysis ; GEE methods ; Site specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of the present study was to consider supragingival plaque as a risk factor for gingivitis in a group of young adults without destructive periodontal disease. A total of 127 subjects, 17 to 30 years of age, participated. Periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level as well as bleeding upon probing and supragingival plaque was assessed at 6 sites of every tooth present. The individual odds ratios between plaque and bleeding ranged between 0.237 and 66.6. 23% volunteers had an odds ratio of below 1.2. Only 15% individuals presented with an attributable risk of supragingival plaque for bleeding upon probing of 50% or more. Overall, the odds of bleeding, adjusted for periodontal probing depth, was increased by 67% in the presence of plaque. Large differences were observed at different teeth with the highest odds ratio at mandibular premolars with 2.557 (95% confidence interval 2.033–3.216) and the lowest at maxillary molars with 1.355 (1.161–1.732). It was concluded that there was high interindividual and intraindividual variation of the relative risk for bleeding in the presence of plaque. The observed low overall relative risk has important consequences in educational and health care programmes since the risk of supragingival plaque which is actually attributable for the observed bleeding on probing may be rather small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 11 (2000), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Körperoberflächen-Mapping – Magnetokardiographie – nicht-invasive Arrhythmie-Lokalisation ; Key words Body surface mapping – magnetocardiography – non-invasive localization – arrhythmia sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The spread of electrical endo- and epicardial activation is projected also to body surface and can be deducted from various numbers of recording points at the front or the back of the thorax. The resulting data are visualized in a body surface map (BSM). To characterize this activation, the amplitudes are measured and then evaluated according to the origin, the position of the extrema, and the zero line between them. To minimize the BSM data during the activation cycle, the area underneath the QRS complex and/or the ST-T wave may be calculated and plotted as an iso-area BSM. Similarities between the various BMSs are evaluated either by visual comparison or by means of correlation algorithms. The results exceeded the precision of standard ECG recordings in measuring de- and repolarization. Comparison between a succession of paced maps resulted in the precise localization of arrhythmogenic sources. Due to the inhomogeneities of the human thorax direct measurement of the position of an electric source, e.g., the focus of ventricular tachycardia or extrasystole, has not yet been accomplished. Magnetocardiographic mapping, a novel method to record the heart‘s magnetic field, however, allows for direct measurement of the arrhythmic origin since this method is not sensitive to these inhomogeneities. Various examples of the clinical application of BSM have been described in this paper and their results discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ausbreitung der elektrischen endo- und epikardialen Aktivierung ist auch auf die Körperoberfläche projiziert und kann dort von einer Vielzahl von dosalen und ventralen Ableitungspunkten als Körperoberflächen-Mapping (BSM) registriert werden. Um diese Aktivierung zu diagnostischen Zwecken zu charakterisieren, werden die früheste Erregung, die Extremata und die dazwischen liegende Nulllinie verwendet. Um den Datenumfang zu minimieren, wird die Fläche unter dem QRS bestimmt und ein Iso-Area-BSM gebildet. Diese Maps werden durch visuellen Vergleich oder durch die Berechnung der Korrelation miteinander verglichen. Abnorme Änderungen der De- und Repolarisation werden damit ebenso ermittelt wie die Lokalisation von Arrythmie-Herden. Letzteres erfolgt im Vergleich zu zuvor durch Stimulation ermittelten Map-Konfigurationen. Aufgrund der Inhomogenität des Thorax ist eine direkte Messung der elektrischen Quelle nicht möglich. Die Magnetokardiographie jedoch, mit der das durch die elektrische Aktivierung des Herzens erzeugte magnetische Feld gemessen wird, erlaubt die Messung des Ursprungsortes, da diese Methode nicht wesentlich von diesen Inhomogenitäten abhängig ist. Verschiedene klinische Anwendungsbeispiele werden in dieser Arbeit referiert und diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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