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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Liver—MR imaging—Contrast media.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of in-phase and out-of-phase gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequences on paramagnetic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of malignant liver lesions. Methods: Fifty patients (27 women, 23 men; mean age = 50 ± 27 years) with known or suspected focal liver lesions, nine of whom had a fatty liver, were examined at 1.5 T before and 60 min after injection of gadobenate dimeglumine at a dose of 0.05 or 0.1 mmol/kg using two GRE techniques: echo time of 2.3 ms (out-of-phase) or 4.6 ms (in-phase). Liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and lesion–liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. Results: In patients with a nonfatty liver, liver SNR increased from 26 ± 9 to 41 ± 17 on in-phase images and from 28 ± 8 to 45 ± 14 on out-of-phase images. In patients with a fatty liver, in-phase images provided significantly higher (p 〈 0.01) liver SNR than did out-of-phase images predose (34 ± 8 on in-phase vs. 21 ± 8 on out-of-phase) and postdose (44 ± 13 on in-phase vs. 33 ± 14 on out-of-phase). In patients with a nonfatty liver, lesion–liver CNR was similar on in-phase and out-of-phase images, predose and postdose. In patients with fatty liver, lesion–liver CNR was significantly (p 〈 0.01) lower on out-of-phase images on predose and postdose images. Conclusion: In-phase GRE imaging is recommended for imaging focal liver lesions on paramagnetic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in patients with fatty infiltration of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transient electroluminescence (EL) from single- and multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was investigated by driving the devices with short, rectangular voltage pulses. The single-layer devices consist of indium-tin oxide (ITO)/tris(8-hydroxy-quinoline)aluminum (Alq3)/magnesium (Mg):silver (Ag), whereas the structure of the multilayer OLEDs are ITO/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/Alq3/Mg:Ag. Apparent model-dependent values of the electron mobility (μe) in Alq3 have been calculated from the onset of EL for both device structures upon invoking different internal electric field distributions. For the single-layer OLEDs, transient experiments with different dc bias voltages indicated that the EL delay time is determined by the accumulation of charge carriers inside the device rather than by transport of the latter. This interpretation is supported by the observation of delayed EL after the voltage pulse is turned off. In the multilayer OLED the EL onset—dependent on the electric field—is governed by accumulated charges (holes) at the internal organic-organic interface (NPB/Alq3) or is transport limited. Time-of-flight measurements on 150-nm-thin Alq3 layers yield weak field-dependent μe values of the order of 1×10−5 cm2/Vs at electrical fields between 3.9×105 and 1.3×106 V/cm. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: By collecting and counting the number of sperm released during separate matings in three batches of zebrafish Danio rerio, aged 3–4, 4–5 and 5–6 months, males were observed to release sperm before the female started laying their eggs. After the female left the nest, the number and motility of sperm and life span of sperm of younger fish were higher than those of older fish in water samples collected under the nest and at the surface of the tank. Sperm were released in the form of sperm trails laid on the nest surface, subsequently active spermatozoa left the trails and moved in the water for several minutes. Sperm trails consisted of bands of viscous material in which the sperm were embedded. In most cases eggs were not laid directly over the sperm trail, suggesting that sperm may contact the eggs after the latter are released into the water. In all the three tested groups there was no significant difference (P 〉 0·05) between the number of sperm collected on some portions of the acetate sheets which lined the nest ceiling. This result demonstrated that the greater activity of younger fish accelerated the sperm dispersal in water. Male sperm duct glands, seminal vesicles, known to secrete mucosubstances are probably involved in the production of sperm trails. The possible influence of insemination on the mating style of zebrafish is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2597-2599 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The method of low-temperature scanning laser microscopy is applied to visualize the resistive state in individual superconducting filaments extracted from (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x/Ag tapes. This technique is capable of imaging the distributions of the critical currents over a sample. Using the nonbolometric response, a spatial resolution of about 1 μm is demonstrated for 10-μm-thick filaments. Some of the resistively visualized grain boundaries between crystallites show Josephson behavior. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key Words Erve virus ; Lyme disease ; Transmission ; Reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Erve virus is suspected to cause severe headache in humans, lasting several days (thunderclap headache). Mice are characterized as a probable reservoir for the Erve virus. We tested 396 wild mice for Erve virus using an immunofluorescence test and found Erve virus antibodies in five cases, showing that small mammals form a reservoir for Erve virus. If ticks are the vector for the virus, a coincidence with borreliosis should exist. We were unable to confirm this in a homogeneous cohort of 955 young men, 62 of whom tested positive for borreliosis. This group did not test positive significantly more often in the immunofluorescence test than a gender- and age-matched control group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 154-155 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bioimplantat • Biomechanik •¶Knorpeldefekt • Knorpelregeneration •¶Mesenchymale Zelldifferenzierung ; Key words Bioimplant • Biomechanics • Cartilage ¶defect • Cartilage repair • Mesenchymal cell differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hyaline cartilage is thought to be unable to regenerate. All efforts so far – including autologous chondrocyte cell transplantation – to reconstruct cartilage defects in joints have not been totally convincing. However, mesenchymal cells are able to differentiate into chondrocytes under mechanical pressure conditions. In this study, an open porous resorbable two-layer “bioimplant” was constructed in which mechanical pressure was exerted onto mesenchymal cells when migrated into the open porous structure of the bioimplant. Differentiation of the cells into chondrocytes was thus induced. The bioimplants were implanted into the medial condyles of nine rabbits and left in place for eight or twelve weeks, respectively. In seven of these cases, cartilage formation was found, in contrary to the controls in which only connective tissue and bone had grown into the empty holes. The new bioimplants have proven their effectiveness in cartilage defect repair and might evolve in the future as a new alternative treatment of full thickness defects of joint surfaces.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gelenkknorpel gilt in der Regel als nicht regenerationsfähig. Bis jetzt durchgeführte Versuche zur Wiederherstellung des Gelenkknorpels, inklusive der Knorpelzelltransplantation, zeigten wenig erfolgversprechende Ergebnisse. Jedoch gibt es Hinweise, dass unter Druckbelastung mesenchymale Stammzellen sich in Knorpelzellen differenzieren können. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein offenporiges resorbierbares, zweischichtiges „Bioimplantat“ konstruiert, das nach Implantation in einen Knochen-Knorpel-Defekt die physiologischen Druckverhältnisse nachahmt und so eine Differenzierung von mesenchymalen Stammzellen zu hyalinem Knorpel ermöglicht. An 9 Kaninchen wurde dieses Bioimplantat an Knochenknorpeldefekten des Femurkondylus über 2 verschiedene Zeiträume erprobt und mit Leerlochversuchen verglichen. Durch die Bioimplantate gelang es im Gegensatz zu den Leerlochversuchen in 7 von 9 Fällen Bereiche mit hyalinartigem Knorpel zu induzieren. Die Methode scheint einen neuen erfolgsversprechenden Ansatz zur Reparation von Knorpeldefekten darzustellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 494-495 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 1102-1103 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 385 (2000), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Hemangiopericytoma ; Bone neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor of pericyte origin with variable malignant potential. Very rarely, this tumor occurs as a primary bone lesion. We present a case of a highly malignant hemangiopericytoma of the proximal tibia. Current therapy consists of radical resection of the tumor with postoperative radiation therapy being recommended. Chemotherapy seems to be useful in disseminated disease. The prognosis correlates to the histological grading of the tumor. Early or late recurrence and distant metastases with fatal outcome, as shown in our case study, are not uncommon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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