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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal behaviour Benefits of female mimicry in snakes (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 414 (2001), S. 267-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Males of several animal species mimic females either in appearance or in the chemical cues they release, and this mimicry has generally been interpreted in terms of alternative mating strategies –– for example, a male that mimics a female may obtain stolen inseminations or avoid ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35104687
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term instability growth of radiatively driven thin planar shells : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2338-2343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Rayleigh–Taylor instability of radiatively driven thin copper foils is studied under pure ablation, as well as with beryllium buffers to provide additional pressure drive, in support of the target design for Inertial Confinement Fusion. Modeling was done with the RAGE adaptive mesh refinement code [R. M. Baltrusaitis, M. L. Gittings, R. P. Weaver, R. F. Benjamin, and J. M. Budzinski, Phys. Fluids 8, 2471 (1996)] of experiments done on the OMEGA [T. R. Boehly, D. L. Brown, R. S. Craxton et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] laser. The copper foils were typically 11.5 μm thick with 0.45 μm amplitude and 45 μm wavelength cosine surface perturbations. The beryllium layer was 5 μm thick. The drive was a "PS26"-like [J. D. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995)] laser pulse delivering peak 160–185 eV radiation temperatures. Good agreement between experiment and simulation has been obtained out to 4.5 ns. Mechanisms for late time agreement are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rayleigh–Taylor spike evaporation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4156-4162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-based experiments have shown that Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) growth in thin, perturbed copper foils leads to a phase dominated by narrow spikes between thin bubbles. These experiments were well modeled and diagnosed until this " spike" phase, but not into this spike phase. Experiments were designed, modeled, and performed on the OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly, D. L. Brown, R. S. Craxton et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] to study the late-time spike phase. To simulate the conditions and evolution of late time RT, a copper target was fabricated consisting of a series of thin ridges (spikes in cross section) 150 μm apart on a thin flat copper backing. The target was placed on the side of a scale-1.2 hohlraum with the ridges pointing into the hohlraum, which was heated to 190 eV. Side-on radiography imaged the evolution of the ridges and flat copper backing into the typical RT bubble and spike structure including the " mushroom-like feet" on the tips of the spikes. RAGE computer models [R. M. Baltrusaitis, M. L. Gittings, R. P. Weaver, R. F. Benjamin, and J. M. Budzinski, Phys. Fluids 8, 2471 (1996)] show the formation of the " mushrooms," as well as how the backing material converges to lengthen the spike. The computer predictions of evolving spike and bubble lengths match measurements fairly well for the thicker backing targets but not for the thinner backings. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386802
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The case report – an endangered species? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01919.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser surgery in a patient with Romano-Ward (long QT) syndrome and an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2000)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 48-year-old woman with Romano–Ward syndrome (a hereditary long QT syndrome), asthma and an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator presented for laser surgery for debulking of a massive nasopharyngeal tumour prior to radiotherapy. Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators have only relatively recently been used to treat patients with the long QT syndrome and are indicated for the high-risk individual when conventional treatment has failed or when beta-blockers are contraindicated. If surgery requires the use of surgical diathermy, a cardiac technician must be present to deactivate the defibrillator and external pacing electrodes are sited on the chest until the defibrillator can be reactivated. Radiotherapy requires both deactivation and shielding of the device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01167.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapy of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized study comparing sodium fluoride and ibandronate (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Osteoporosis is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease. Although the efficacy of both sodium fluoride and aminobisphosphonates in postmenopausal osteoporosis has been investigated in long-term therapy studies, no long-term results are available regarding the effect of these agents in the management of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease.Methods : Eighty-four patients with Crohn's disease and pathological bone mineral density findings were randomized to receive either vitamin D3 (1000 IU) and calcium citrate (800 mg) daily (group A) or sodium fluoride (25 mg b.d., group B) or intravenous ibandronate (1 mg every 3 months, group C) in addition to daily calcium/vitamin D substitution. On admission to the study and after 12 and 27 months, patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and radiological examination of the spine.Results : Sixty-eight patients completed the 1-year observation period and were available for the intention-to-treat analysis. No new vertebral fractures were diagnosed. In group A, lumbar bone density increased by 2.6% (P = 0.066, N.S.), in group B by 5.7% (P = 0.003) and in group C by 5.4% (P = 0.003). Therapy with sodium fluoride was associated with an increase in osteocalcin (N.S.), whereas administration of ibandronate was associated with a decrease in the resorption parameter, carboxy-terminal cross-linked type-I collagen telopeptide (P 〈 0.05). Both sodium fluoride and ibandronate resulted in significant decreases in the serum concentration of osteoprotegerin after 9 months (P 〈 0.001).Conclusions : The findings of the present study show that both sodium fluoride and ibandronate are effective in combination with calcium and vitamin D substitution in the management of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease. Both agents are safe and well tolerated, and induce continuous increases in lumbar bone density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01448.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human melanocytes (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand, transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), are reportedly involved in autocrine growth of melanoma cells. The signal pathway has also been implicated in early events of transformation, suggesting a function for EGFR in normal cells. This study reports the presence of EGFR in cultured melanocytes and examines some cellular responses to TGFα. Western analysis revealed 170 kDa bands in extracts of cultured neonatal human melanocytes, corresponding to the receptor Mr. Protein expression was more pronounced in cells during active growth. EGFR were less evident in cultures populated predominantly by melanized cells, indicating that receptor expression became reduced in differentiating cells. Immunocytochemistry confirmed these observations and also showed that EGFR reactivity was predominantly localized in the cell body but absent from dendrites. Addition of TGFα to early cultures induced a rapid increase in phosphotyrosine signal of the 170 kDa protein. Longer treatment (24–48 h) increased the intensity of the EGFR signal, suggesting that receptors had been upregulated. However, inclusion of TGFα in cultures did not result in an increase in cell numbers when compared to controls. The observations provide evidence of the existence of a receptor-mediated pathway in melanocytes which has transforming potential in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.100504.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual identification of the cystic duct–CBD junction during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (visual cholangiography) (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 88-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Common bile duct — Injury — Gallbladder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Despite advances in technical skills, common bile duct (CBD) injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not an uncommon major complication. We describe a technical step that can be taken during the dissection of the triangle of Calot to allow the junction between the cystic duct and CBD to be clearly visualized. This is a safe and simple maneuver that mimics the one done in open surgery. Its routine application serves as an additional safety measure to prevent injury to the common bile duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900020
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Controlling the Bioaccumulation of Mercury, Methylmercury, Arsenic, Selenium, and Cadmium by Freshwater Invertebrates and Fish (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 283-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Concentrations of mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MMHg), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and cadmium (Cd) were measured in atmospheric deposition, stream water, and biota in two streams in western Maryland. Overall, concentrations were slightly higher in the water of the lower pH Herrington Creek tributary (HRCT). Bioaccumulation factors were also higher for HRCT compared to Blacklick Run (BLK). MMHg concentrations in biota increased with trophic level and essentially all the Hg was as MMHg in predatory insects and insectivorous/carnivorous fish. Thus, the overall trophic status of the organism was indicated by the %MMHg in its tissues. Levels of As, Se, Cd, and Hg, however, decreased with increasing trophic level. Adsorption of As to the exoskeleton of invertebrates appears to be an important accumulation mechanism. MMHg was distributed evenly throughout crayfish and fish organs, whereas As, Se, Cd, and Hg were found in higher concentrations in detoxifying organs. Concentrations in biota in this study were somewhat elevated compared to other rural sites, but were less than those of point source–contaminated sites. Overall, as atmospheric inputs to the two watersheds were similar, the results of this study show the importance of water chemistry in determining the bioaccumulation of the metals and metalloids into insects. Subsequent transfer to higher trophic levels is related to both the ability of the organisms to depurate and the mode of accumulation, either directly from water or from food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual conflict in the snake den (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 48 (2000), S. 392-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Keywords Female mimicry ; Garter snake ; Mating ; Sexual harassment ; Thamnophis sirtalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) court and mate in spring, soon after they emerge from large communal overwintering dens in south-central Manitoba. Because of a massive bias in the operational sex ratio, every female attracts intense courtship from dozens to hundreds of males. We suggest that this courtship constitutes significant ”harassment,” because it delays the females’ dispersal from the den and hence increases their vulnerability to predation. Small females may face the greatest costs, because they are less able to escape from amorous males (who court all females, even juvenile animals). Our measurements show that males are stronger and faster than females. Experimental trials confirm that the locomotor ability of females (especially small females) is greatly reduced by the weight of a courting male. Arena trials show that intense courtship stimulates females to attempt to escape. Remarkably, some females that are too small to produce offspring may nonetheless copulate. This precocious sexual receptivity may benefit juvenile females because copulation renders them unattractive to males, and thus allows them to escape more easily from the den. Female ”tactics” to escape male harassment may explain other puzzling aspects of garter snake biology including size-assortative mating, temporal patterns in dispersal from the den, avoidance of communal dens by young-of-the-year snakes, and female mimicry. Hence, sexual conflict may have influenced important features of the mating system and behavioral ecology of these animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650000255
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