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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of nerve growth factor mRNA and its translation products in the anagen hair follicle (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The cellular localization of NGF mRNA and its translation products have been identified in ovine hair follicles. NGF mRNA was detected in the proliferating cells of the follicle bulb and differentiating cells of the suprabulbar region, but was absent from the outer root sheath. Western analysis revealed the presence of a 73 kDaNGF prohormone in extracts of ovine flank skin, but the mature 13 kDaNGF was absent. Immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies specific to mouse NGF and a pro- NGF specific domain localized the NGF prohormone to outer root sheath cells in the upper bulb region of the follicle, adjacent to the zone of keratinization. Antibody binding was also associated with the luminal epithelium of the apocrine sweat gland and the pilary canal of the follicle at its junction with the epidermis. These observations, together with the reported presence of high- and low-affinity NGF receptors in the follicle, implicate the NGF prohormone-responsive neuronal system in the regulation of hair growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009004283.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    6-Thioguanine — efficacy and safety in chronic active Crohn's disease (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Azathioprine and mercaptopurine are commonly used in chronic active Crohn's disease. They share the disadvantage of a delayed onset of action and potentially serious side-effects, and are metabolized to thioguanine nucleotides which are thought to be the active metabolites. The direct use of 6-thioguanine may offer a more rapid and safer alternative. We conducted an open prospective study to investigate the efficacy and safety of 6-thioguanine in chronic active Crohn's disease.Methods : Thirty-seven patients with chronic active Crohn's disease and a Crohn's disease activity index of 〉 150 were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were steroid dependence (n = 19), steroid refractoriness (n = 9) and/or intolerance (n = 16) or refractoriness (n = 6) to azathioprine. Patients were treated with 40 mg/day of 6-thioguanine for 24 weeks; a dose escalation to 80 mg was allowed at week 12. Remission was defined as a Crohn's disease activity index of 〈 150 associated with a decrease of 〉 70 points; response was defined as a decrease of 〉 70 points in the Crohn's disease activity index.Results : In the intention-to-treat analysis, 13 of 37 patients achieved remission (35%). Twelve of these 13 patients achieved remission after 4 weeks. Fifty-seven per cent of patients (21/37) achieved a response. The mean Crohn's disease activity index decreased from 284 ± 74 to 153 ± 101. 6-Thioguanine was more effective in azathioprine-intolerant than in azathioprine-refractory patients. Twelve of 16 patients intolerant to azathioprine tolerated 6-thioguanine. Adverse events included phototoxicity, pancreatitis, headache, nausea, alopecia, arthralgia, minor infections and reversible elevation of transaminases. Six patients required discontinuation of medication, two because of leucopenia.Conclusions : In this patient group with chronic active Crohn's disease, 6-thioguanine appeared to be effective with acceptable short-term toxicity, but long-term controlled trials are clearly needed to further define its role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01440.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholecystokinin is a regulator of intestinal phase-stimulated PP release
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 30 (1990), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: Antagonists ; Atropine ; Loxiglumide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(90)90051-W
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CGRP in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and experimentally induced colitis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 34 (1991), S. 88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(91)90396-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory nerves: Proinflammatory or protective action in the intestine?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 40 (1992), S. 236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(92)90390-G
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thioguanine-nucleotides do not predict efficacy of tioguanine in Crohn's disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : 6-Thioguanine-nucleotides seem to be the active metabolites of thiopurine therapy, and their monitoring has been considered a useful tool for optimizing response in inflammatory bowel diseases. Tioguanine (thioguanine) therapy results in much higher levels of 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels when compared with azathioprine or mercaptopurine.Aim : To elucidate the influence of 6-thioguanine-nucleotide and methylated 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels under tioguanine on efficacy and toxicity in Crohn's disease.Methods : 6-Thioguanine-nucleotide and methylated 6-tioguanine-nucleotide levels were measured regularly in 26 Crohn's disease patients treated with tioguanine. Nucleotide levels were related to efficacy and toxicity.Results : 6-Thioguanine-nucleotide levels rose very high [median 1241 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cells (range 313–1853)]. Methylated 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels were detected in all patients [491 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cells (154–1775)]. 6-Thioguanine-nucleotide and methylated 6-thioguanine-nucleotide concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.7, P 〈 0.0001). Nucleotide levels from patients achieving remission (n = 14) did not differ significantly from non-remitters (n = 12) [6-thioguanine-nucleotide: 1077 (599–2160) vs. 1210 (534–4665); methylated 6-thioguanine-nucleotide: 510 (214–1222) vs. 421 (145–1284)]. One patient with intermediate thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity experienced bone marrow toxicity upon dose escalation parallel with excessively high thioguanine-nucleotide levels.Conclusions : 6-Thioguanine-nucleotide as well as methylated 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels under tioguanine therapy were not related to efficacy. This suggests that monitoring of 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels is not a useful tool to predict response to thiopurines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01947.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapy of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized study comparing sodium fluoride and ibandronate (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Osteoporosis is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease. Although the efficacy of both sodium fluoride and aminobisphosphonates in postmenopausal osteoporosis has been investigated in long-term therapy studies, no long-term results are available regarding the effect of these agents in the management of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease.Methods : Eighty-four patients with Crohn's disease and pathological bone mineral density findings were randomized to receive either vitamin D3 (1000 IU) and calcium citrate (800 mg) daily (group A) or sodium fluoride (25 mg b.d., group B) or intravenous ibandronate (1 mg every 3 months, group C) in addition to daily calcium/vitamin D substitution. On admission to the study and after 12 and 27 months, patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and radiological examination of the spine.Results : Sixty-eight patients completed the 1-year observation period and were available for the intention-to-treat analysis. No new vertebral fractures were diagnosed. In group A, lumbar bone density increased by 2.6% (P = 0.066, N.S.), in group B by 5.7% (P = 0.003) and in group C by 5.4% (P = 0.003). Therapy with sodium fluoride was associated with an increase in osteocalcin (N.S.), whereas administration of ibandronate was associated with a decrease in the resorption parameter, carboxy-terminal cross-linked type-I collagen telopeptide (P 〈 0.05). Both sodium fluoride and ibandronate resulted in significant decreases in the serum concentration of osteoprotegerin after 9 months (P 〈 0.001).Conclusions : The findings of the present study show that both sodium fluoride and ibandronate are effective in combination with calcium and vitamin D substitution in the management of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease. Both agents are safe and well tolerated, and induce continuous increases in lumbar bone density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01448.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic imaging in Crohn’s disease: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and conventional imaging methods (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Keywords MRI ; Abdomen ; Crohn’s disease ; Inflammatory small bowel disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Conventional enteroclysis remains the method of choice in the diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel disease. The reported sensitivity rates, however, for the diagnosis of extraintestinal processes, such as fistulae and abscesses, are moderate. Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for the diagnosis of extraintestinal complications. The anatomical designation of the affected bowel segment may, however, prove difficult due to axial slices, and the applied radiation dose is high. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel disease is a relatively new indication for the method; prerequisites were the development of breathhold sequences and phased array coils. Optimized magnetic resonance tomographic imaging requires a combined method of enteroclysis and MRI, which guarantees an optimal filling and distension of the small bowel. The high filling volume leads to a secondary paralysis of the small bowel and avoids motion artifacts. In a trial of 84 patients with histological and endoscopic correlation the sensitivity in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease was 85.4% for enteroclysis and 95.2% for MRI, and the specificity was 76.9% for enteroclysis and 92.6% for MRI. As none of the abscesses was diagnosed with enteroclysis, the sensitivity was 0% for enteroclysis, but 77.8% for MRI. The sensitivity in diagnosing fistulae was 17.7% for enteroclysis and 70.6% for MRI. In summary, MRI can detect the most relevant findings in patients with inflammatory small bowel disease with an accuracy superior to that of enteroclysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840000219
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of the fed pattern of human exocrine pancreatic secretion by nutrients: role of cholecystokinin and neurotensin (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 902-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin ; Gastrointestinal hormones ; Human ; Interdigestive pattern ; Fed pattern ; Pancreatic secretion ; Neurotensin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to assess the role of cholecystokinin and neurotensin in converting the cyclical interdigestive pattern of pancreatic secretion into the non-cyclical fed pattern. Six healthy male volunteers were studied on 4 separate days. During each experiment a mixed liquid meal or solutions of individual nutrients were perfused intraduodenally for 180 min at 2 ml/min. The mixed meal contained 4.3 g glucose, 2.0 g fractionated soya oil, and 1.7 g casein hydrolysate per 100 ml, which delivered a caloric load of 0.9 kcal/min into the duodenum. The isocaloric and isotonic solutions of individual nutrients contained 44.5 g glucose, 17.8 g fractionated soya oil, or 44.5 g hydrolysed serum bovine albumin per liter and delivered 0.36 kcal/min into the duodenum. Duodenal aspirates and blood samples were collected at regular intervals for determination of pancreatic enzyme outputs and plasma levels of cholecystokinin and neurotensin, respectively. The mixed meal converted the cyclical interdigestive secretory pattern into the noncyclical fed pattern whereas none of the three individual nutrients abolished the interdigestive pattern. Not only the mixed meal but also lipid and protein perfusion consistently stimulated cholecystokinin release. Integrated incremental cholecystokinin release amounted to 32.3±9.9 pg/ml × 180 min with the mixed meal, 23.2±6.5 with lipid perfusion (P〈 0.05 versus mixed meal) and 13.4±3.8 with protein perfusion (P〈0.05 versus mixed meal). The carbohydrate solution did not significantly release cholecystokinin. None of the duodenal perfusates raised neurotensin plasma levels. We conclude that (a) intraduodenal delivery of a mixed meal at 0.9 kcal/min converts the interdigestive pattern of pancreatic secretion, (b) cholecystokinin but not neurotensin is involved in converting this pattern in response to low-caloric meals, and (c) a threshold amount of CCK release must be exceeded to convert the secretory pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180436
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in the diagnosis of small bowel disease: use of positive and negative oral contrast media in combination with enteroclysis (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1377-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging – Gastrointestinal tract – Contrast agent – Inflammatory bowel disease – Crohn's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the additional findings of MRI following small bowel enteroclysis and to compare the efficacy of negative and positive intraluminal contrast agents. Fifty patients with inflammatory or tumorous small bowel disease were investigated by small bowel enteroclysis and consecutive MRI using breathhold protocol (T1-weighted fast low-angle shot, T2-weighted turbo spin echo). Patients were randomly assigned to either receiving a positive oral (Magnevist, Schering, Berlin, Germany) or a negative oral MR contrast media (Abdoscan, Nycomed, Oslo, Norway). The pattern of contrast distribution, the contrast effect, presence of artifacts, as well as bowel wall and extraluminal changes, were determined and compared between the contrast type using Fischer's exact test. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for MRI and enteroclysis were calculated. Twenty-seven patients had clinically proven Crohn's disease and two patients surgically proven small bowel tumours. Magnetic resonance imaging had important additional findings as abscesses and fistulae in 20 patients. Surgically compared sensitivities were 100 and 0 % for MRI and enteroclysis, for the detection of abscesses, and 83.3 and 17 % for the diagnosis of fistulae, respectively. Bowel wall thickening was more reliably detected with use of positive oral contrast media without intravenous enhancement (p 〈 0.001), whereas postcontrast negative oral contrast media allow for a superior detection (p 〈 0.001). T2-weighted sequences were necessary with use of negative oral contrast media, because loop abscesses may be masked. Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in all patients with suspicion of extraintestinal complications, because the complications are more reliably detected by MRI. Negative oral contrast media show advantages with the use of intravenous contrast but can mask loop abscesses using only T1-weighted imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000354
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