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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor and nonmotor event-related potentials during a complex processing task (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Identification of the necessary stimulus properties to elicit the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN) has been the impetus for numerous research studies. The current study was conducted to explore the possibility that the SPN is an index of cognitive resource allocation. An auditory warning stimulus (S1) indicated whether an easy or difficult discrimination would occur at S2. The SPN was collected before a nonmotor discrimination task (S2) that consisted of identifying the higher of two bars. To eliminate the influence of motor processing prior to S2, a button press on the side of the higher bar was held until perception of a response cue (S3). Additionally, P3, contingent negative variation (CNV), and behavioral measures were collected to assist in assessing the SPN. Results indicated that although the SPN exhibited increased negativity, no differences were observed based on task difficulty. However, task difficulty did affect P3 data for both the warning tone and the discrimination task, an effect not observed for the CNV. Overall, the data did not support that hypothesis that the SPN provides an index of cognitive demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3760731
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilizing Need for Cognition and Perceived Self-Efficacy to Predict Academic Performance (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: A study was conducted to determine whether academic performance could be predicted on the bases of the constructs need for cognition (NFC) and academic self-efficacy. Two hypotheses were generated: Positive correlations will be found between academic self-efficacy, NFC, and grade point average (GPA); and efficacy and NFC will serve as significant predictors of GPA. The path mediation technique recommended by Baron & Kenny (1986) for testing mediated relationships was also performed in order to assess the causal direction of the NFC and academic self-efficacy variables. Participants were 138 undergraduate students. The first hypothesis was generally supported in that significant correlations were found between NFC, efficacy beliefs, and GPA. In support of the second hypothesis, path analysis revealed that NFC and academic self-efficacy were significant predictors of GPA. Furthermore, the NFC-GPA relationship was shown to be mediated by efficacy beliefs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02770.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased positive patch test reactivity to methyldibromo glutaronitrile (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0128k.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Instructor Gender and Race/Ethnicity on Gaining Compliance in the Classroom (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: How instructors' gender and race impacts their ability to gain compliance in the classroom when utilizing various bases of social power was investigated using a 2 × 2 × 3 between-subjects design. Male and female participants (n = 297) completed the Interpersonal Power Inventory while viewing a photo depicting an instructor. The instructors depicted were male or female of varying ethnicities (Caucasian, African American, and Latino). Results indicated that instructor gender and race influenced student compliance rates when soft (subtle and noncoercive) bases of power were utilized. With regard to individual power bases, student gender, instructor gender, instructor race, and the Instructor Gender × Instructor Race interaction were found to impact compliance rates. Implications for classroom instructors, as well as other powerholders, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02578.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology (Communication arising) Is coral bleaching really adaptive? (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 601-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] From an experiment in which corals are transplanted between two depths on a Panamanian coral reef, Baker infers that bleaching may sometimes help reef corals to survive environmental change. Although Baker's results hint at further mechanisms by which reef-building corals may acclimatize to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415601a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of desipramine treatment on norepinephrine transporter gene expression in the cultured SK-N-BE(2)M17 cells and rat brain tissue (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 82 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The antidepressant desipramine (DMI) is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine (NE) transport that down-regulates the norepinephrine transporter (NET) protein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in vitro. In this study, possible regulatory effects of DMI on NET mRNA and protein levels were investigated with the NET-expressing SK-N-BE(2)M17 cell line and rat brain tissue. Northern blot analysis showed that incubation of the cultured cells with DMI (5–500 nm) for 3 days reduced levels of NET mRNA in both its 5.8-kb (by up to 58%) and 3.6-kb forms (to 68%), whereas incubation for 14 days increased both levels (to 40% and 100%) in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, NET protein levels decreased after 3–14 days of exposure of the cells to DMI, as determined by western blotting. The in vitro findings were supported by in vivo treatment of rats with DMI. Thus, in situ hybridization demonstrated initially decreased, and later increased, NET mRNA levels in locus coeruleus (LC) tissue of rats treated with DMI; whereas NET protein levels in the LC were reduced after 14 days, but unchanged after three daily DMI treatments. Thus, DMI had similar effects on NET expression in vitro and in vivo, with opposite changes in NET mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that the regulatory mechanisms involved are complex and non-congruent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00953.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired water maze learning performance without altered dopaminergic function in mice heterozygous for the GDNF mutation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exhibits potent survival-promoting effects on dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway that is implicated in Parkinson's disease and also protects neurons in forebrain ischemia of animal models. However, a role for endogenous GDNF in brain function has not been established. Although mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the GDNF gene have been generated, these mice die within hours of birth because of deficits in kidney morphogenesis, and, thus, the effect of the absence of GDNF on brain function could not be studied. Herein, we sought to determine whether adult mice, heterozygous for a GDNF mutation on two different genetic backgrounds, demonstrate alterations in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system or in cognitive function. While both neurochemical and behavioural measures suggested that reduction of GDNF gene expression in the mutant mice does not alter the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, it led to a significant and selective impairment of performance in the spatial version of the Morris water maze. A standard panel of blood chemistry tests and basic pathological analyses did not reveal alterations in the mutants that could account for the observed performance deficit. These results suggest that endogenous GDNF may not be critical for the development and functioning of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system but it plays an important role in cognitive abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01724.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A randomised controlled trial of intravenous versus inhalational analgesia during outpatient oocyte recovery (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To compare the efficacy and acceptability of conventional intravenous sedation with patient-controlled inhalational isodesox, 57 women undergoing outpatient oocyte recovery were randomly allocated to receive isodesox by face mask, while 55 women were given intravenous fentanyl and midazolam. Women's satisfaction with pain relief, peroperative pain, clouding of memory and the surgeons' assessment of operating conditions were evaluated. Thirty-eight women in the inhalation group (67%) and 41 (75%) women in the intravenous group were ‘very satisfied’ with their analgesia (p = 0.41). The mean (SD) pain score in women given isodesox was 46.8 (34.7), while in the intravenous group it was 34.1 (21.3) (p = 0.02). Oxygen saturation levels 〈 94% were recorded in one woman using isodesox and in 16 (29%) women given intravenous analgesia. Despite higher pain scores, in comparison with the conventional analgesia, patient-controlled isodesox offers a safer method of pain relief with comparable satisfaction rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01468.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reply (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01557-28.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome: an audit of incidence and outcome in Scottish intensive care units (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This prospective audit of incidence and outcome of the acute respiratory distress syndrome was conducted as part of the national audit of intensive care practice in Scotland. All patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in 23 adult intensive care units were identified using the diagnostic criteria defined by the American-European Consensus Conference. Daily data collection was continued until death or intensive care unit discharge. Three hundred and sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome over the 8-month study period. The frequency of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the intensive care unit population was 8.1%; the incidence in the Scottish population was estimated at 16.0 cases.100 000−1.year−1. Intensive care unit mortality for acute respiratory distress syndrome was 53.1%, with a hospital mortality of 60.9%. In our national unselected population of critically ill patients, the overall outcome is comparable with published series (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II standardised mortality ratio = 0.99). However, mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome in Scotland is substantially higher than in recent other series suggesting an improvement in outcome in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03287.x
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