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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraparietal mesh repair for parastomal hernias (2000)
    Springer
    Hernia 4 (2000), S. 272-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Mesh Repair ; Parastomal hernia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herniation is a common long-term complication after a permanent stoma and the classical non-prosthetic repairs have a high recurrence rate. This type of hernia should be considered as incisional, so a prosthetic-based repair seems to be the best choice; nevertheless, the need for another laparotomy and the ideal plane to place the mesh remain debatable. We describe our initial experience with a novel technique for parastomal hernia repair that combines mesh 1 reinforcement with a local approach, thus avoiding a laparotomy. The anatomic disposition of the rectus sheath allows us to place a wide mesh in an intraparietal/anteromuscular plane, avoiding direct contact with the intestine and providing a reinforced wall. After 13 months of follow-up (3–20 months) our 3 patients have excellent results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201082
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The open shell single reference size-consistent self-consistent singles and doubles configuration interaction method: Application to ionization potentials (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 1655-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In previous works, the size-consistent self-consistent matrix dressing method has been applied to single reference as well as to complete active space singles and doubles configuration interaction. The wave function of the dressed state was assumed to be dominated by a closed shell determinant. Here, the method has been extended to systems where the dressed state is a single-configurational doublet. The method allows for the accurate calculation of energies and wave functions of other electronic states of the same system, having or not the same symmetry, as well as in the case of closed shell systems. This statement has been thoroughly assessed by the calculation of vertical ionization energies corresponding to a few low lying states of HF+ that are compared to full CI results obtained with the cc-pVDZ basis set. The method has been applied, using larger basis sets, to the calculation of vertical ionization potentials (VIP) of HF, H2CO, N2, and NH3. The results are compared to experimental VIP values. The effects of selecting different CAS spaces and using pseudonatural adapted MO's obtained from the CASSCF matrix densities are shown and discussed. Mean absolute error (MAE) for the calculated states is about 0.07 eV. The difficulties to improve this precision limit are shown. However, the mean signed absolute errors, that measure accuracy, can be made smaller. Small MAE can be obtained using simultaneously VTZ basis sets and intermediate levels of calculation. The possibility of this effect to be assigned to a fortuitous cancellation of errors is pointed out. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circle hairs: a clinical curiosity (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of circle hairs is reported and the literature on the subject reviewed. Differential diagnoses are discussed as well as some theories on the nature of circle hairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00163.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of Anandamide Formation in the Limbic Forebrain and Reduction of Endocannabinoid Contents in the Striatum of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Tolerant Rats (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the pharmacologicaltolerance observed after prolonged exposure to synthetic or plant-derivedcannabinoids in adult rats is accompanied by down-regulation/desensitizationof brain cannabinoid receptors. However, no evidence exists on possiblechanges in the contents of the endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors inthe brain of cannabinoid-tolerant rats. The present study was designed toelucidate this possibility by measuring, by means of isotope dilution gaschromatography/mass spectrometry, the contents of both anandamide(arachidonoylethanolamide; AEA) and its biosynthetic precursor,N-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NArPE), and2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in several brain regions of adult male ratstreated daily with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(Δ9-THC) for a period of 8 days. The areas analyzed includedcerebellum, striatum, limbic forebrain, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, andbrainstem. The same regions were also analyzed for cannabinoid receptorbinding and WIN-55,212-2-stimulatedguanylyl-5′-O-(γ-[35S]thio)-triphosphate([35S]GTPγS) binding to test the development of the wellknown down-regulation/desensitization phenomenon. Results were as follows: Asexpected, cannabinoid receptor binding and WIN-55,212-2-stimulated[35S]GTPγS binding decreased in most of the brain areas ofΔ9-THC-tolerant rats. The only region exhibiting no changesin both parameters was the limbic forebrain. This same region exhibited amarked (almost fourfold) increase in the content of AEA after 8 days ofΔ9-THC treatment. By contrast, the striatum exhibited adecrease in AEA contents, whereas no changes were found in the brainstem,hippocampus, cerebellum, or cerebral cortex. The increase in AEA contentsobserved in the limbic forebrain was accompanied by a tendency of NArPE levelsto decrease, whereas in the striatum, no significant change in NArPE contentswas found. The contents of 2-AG were unchanged in brain regions fromΔ9-THC-tolerant rats, except for the striatum where they dropped significantly. In summary, the present results show that prolonged activation of cannabinoid receptors leads to decreased endocannabinoid contents and signaling in the striatum and to increased AEA formation in the limbic forebrain. The pathophysiological implications of these findings are discussed in view of the proposed roles of endocannabinoids in the control of motor behavior and emotional states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741627.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anandamide, but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol, accumulates during in vivo neurodegeneration (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 78 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands (endocannabinoids) may rescue neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity. As these substances also accumulate in cultured immature neurons following neuronal damage, elevated endocannabinoid concentrations may be interpreted as a putative neuroprotective response. However, it is not known how glutamatergic insults affect in vivo endocannabinoid homeostasis, i.e. N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as other constituents of their lipid families, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), respectively. Here we employed three in vivo neonatal rat models characterized by widespread neurodegeneration as a consequence of altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and assessed changes in endocannabinoid homeostasis. A 46-fold increase of cortical NAE concentrations (anandamide, 13-fold) was noted 24 h after intracerebral NMDA injection, while less severe insults triggered by mild concussive head trauma or NMDA receptor blockade produced a less pronounced NAE accumulation. By contrast, levels of 2-AG and other 2-MAGs were virtually unaffected by the insults employed, rendering it likely that key enzymes in biosynthetic pathways of the two different endocannabinoid structures are not equally associated to intracellular events that cause neuronal damage in vivo. Analysis of cannabinoid CB1 receptor mRNA expression and binding capacity revealed that cortical subfields exhibited an up-regulation of these parameters following mild concussive head trauma and exposure to NMDA receptor blockade. This may suggest that mild to moderate brain injury may trigger elevated endocannabinoid activity via concomitant increase of anandamide levels, but not 2-AG, and CB1 receptor density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00542.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal prism adaptation but reduced after-effect in basal ganglia disorders using a throwing task (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Prism adaptation is a form of visuomotor learning in which the visual and motor systems need to be adjusted because a visual perturbation is produced by horizontally displacing prisms. Despite being known for over two centuries, the neuronal substrates of this phenomenon are not yet completely understood. In this article the possible role of the basal ganglia in this kind of learning was analysed through a study of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease patients. A throwing technique requiring the use of open loop feedback was used. The variables analysed were visuomotor performance, adaptation rate and magnitude, and the after-effect. The results clearly showed that both Huntington's and Parkinson's disease groups learned at the same rate as control subjects. In addition, despite having a disturbed visuomotor performance, both experimental groups showed the same adaptation magnitude as the control group. Finally, the after-effect, which is measured after removing the prisms, is reduced in both patients groups. This reduction leads to a disruption in the normal adaptation–after-effect correlation found in normal volunteers. These results suggest that basal ganglia are not involved in this type of open-looped visuomotor learning. The large number of patients studied as well as the similarity of the findings between both populations support this hypothesis. By contrast, there is an impairment in the after-effect on both basal ganglia patient populations. This impairment may be the result of the deterioration of the perceptual recalibration process involved in visuomotor learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02785.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased cannabinoid CB1 receptor binding and activation of GTP-binding proteins in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's syndrome and of MPTP-treated marmosets (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent evidence obtained in rat models of Parkinson's disease showed that the density of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and their endogenous ligands increase in basal ganglia. However, no data exists from post-mortem brain of humans affected by Parkinson's disease or from primate models of the disorder. In the present study, we examined CB1 receptor binding and the magnitude of the stimulation by WIN55,212-2, a specific CB1 receptor agonist, of [35S]GTPγS binding to membrane fractions from the basal ganglia of patients affected by Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease, WIN55,212-2-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding in the caudate nucleus, putamen, lateral globus pallidus and substantia nigra was increased, thus indicating a more effective activation of GTP-binding protein-coupled signalling mechanisms via CB1 receptors. This was accompanied by an increase in CB1 receptor binding in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, although no changes were observed in the lateral globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Because Parkinson's disease patients had been chronically treated with l-DOPA, brains were studied from normal common marmosets and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated animals with and without chronic L-DOPA treatment. MPTP-lesioned marmosets had increased CB1 receptor binding in the caudate nucleus and the putamen compared to control marmosets, as well as increased stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding by WIN55,212-2. However, following l-DOPA treatment these parameters returned towards control values. The results indicate that a nigro-striatal lesion is associated with an increase in CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia in humans and nonhuman primates and that this increase could be reversed by chronic l-DOPA therapy. The data suggest that CB1 receptor blockade might be useful as an adjuvant for the treatment of parkinsonian motor symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01812.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FLOW AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCENTRATED MILK (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of texture studies 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4603
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow and structural characteristics of concentrated milk were analyzed between concentrations of 12.5 and 46.7% solids content at room temperature. The rheological behavior of milk concentrates was represented by parameters corresponding to Newtonian, Power Law, or Herschel-Bulkley equations depending on the solids content level. The resulting flow behavior indices and consistency coefficients were correlated to concentration by a single-term exponential equation, with only milk concentrates above 40% solids content exhibiting yield stress. Milk concentrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis (IA). Casein micelles appeared as granular particles (0.1–0.3 μm) with a rough surface. Fat globules, noted as small holes in the SEM pictures, appeared to be major spherical components (0.5–10 μm) in the transmission electron microscope images as well as in the image analysis inverted micrographs. Fat globules in the milk concentrates were surrounded by a membrane which was thicker in the concentrated milk than in the fresh milk. TEM images were very helpful in observing the interparticle interactions, as well as the thickness of the fat membranes that corroborated with the SEM observations. The IA pictures allowed the identification and characterization of the fat globule features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.2000.tb00293.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    O K and Cu LIII edge study of itinerant holes in I2-, HgI2- and HgBr2-intercalated BSCCO(2212) single crystals (2001)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 818-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Intercalation effect on BSCCO (2212) system, although it increases the interlayer distance and the c-axis remarkably, produces only a small change in the transition temperature. Thus, amongst other things, intercalation provides an effective method to investigate the influence of the inter-block coupling. Electrons are transferred from the host Cu-O2 layers to the guest lmolecules I2, HgBr2, HgI2 leading to evolution of the Tc. For this we have made high resolution XANES study on the O K and Cu L3 edges to estimate the density of the doping holes. We attempt on basis of our and earlier results the evolution of Tc in these as also the much larger decrease produced in Tc for I2-intercalation for which the increase in basal spacing is the smallest of the three halides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090904950100125X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and cryocrystallography inside X-ray capillaries (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 34 (2001), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents a modification of the gel acupuncture method to grow isolated crystals inside X-ray capillaries. Protein crystals are grown from 2–12 µl of gelled agarose–protein solution, cryoprotected and immobilized by the gel matrix. The same X-ray capillary that acts as a crystallization reactor is used to transport the crystals to the X-ray source and to collect data at both room temperature and 100 K, without any post-crystallization manipulation. To enhance the flash-cooling stage, two additional elements are proposed for inclusion in the cryosystems currently in use: a laser pointer to illuminate the crystal to be flash-cooled and a trap to divert the N2 flow and switch from room temperature to 100 K without misalignment of the crystal. With the proposed implementation, data can be collected at different temperatures from the same crystal in exactly the same orientation. This permits the study, at lattice level, of changes in unit-cell parameters, mosaic spread and crystal quality induced by cryogenic temperatures and annealing techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889801003697
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