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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine-mediated circling behaviour does not involve the nigro-tectal pathway (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nigral efferents ; Striatum ; Tectum ; Dorsal tegmental decussation ; Circling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extensive unilateral or bilateral electrolytic ablation of the rat superior colliculus failed to reduce apomorphine- or amphetamine-induced rotation in animals with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of one nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway. These findings suggest that a nigro-tectal pathway does not play a crucial role in mediating the circling response caused by striatal dopamine receptor stimulation. However, electrolytic lesions of the dorsal tegmental decussation reduced apomorphine- but not amphetamine-induced rotation in such animals, perhaps by sectioning some commissural pathway between the two nigro-striatal systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237716
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine and somatostatin modulated adenylate cyclase activity in the rat caudate-putamen following unilateral cortical ablation (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 406-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Adenylate cyclase ; Caudate-putamen ; Cortical ablation ; Dopamine ; Somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dopamine and somatostatin-14 (SRIF) were incubated with a membrane fraction of rat caudate-putamen (CP) tissue in an adenylate cyclase assay in order to examine the D-1-receptor coupled adenylate cyclase activity 5 days and 3 weeks after unilateral ablation of the left frontal and lateral cortex. Five days after decortication the ipsilateral basal and dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was increased by about 30% compared to that of the contralateral side. Three weeks after decortication no significant difference could be seen. On either side basal and dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly decreased compared to sham operated controls. Somatostatin (10-7 mol/l) reduced basal adenylate cyclase activity of the ipsilateral CP five days following lesioning and reduced the maximal stimulation induced by dopamine. The effects of somatostatin were most marked in the absence and at low concentrations of dopamine (10-7–10-6 mol/l). The effects of somatostatin in the lesioned CP were no longer apparent three weeks following surgery. These results do not favour a presynaptic localization of D-1-receptors on cortico-striate projection fibers and suggest that somatostatin is involved in the interaction of the cortico-striate and nigro-striatal projection systems and may play a role in the regulation of D-1-receptor linked adenylate cyclase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248805
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural effects mediated by unilateral nigral dopamine receptor stimulation in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Circling behaviour ; Substantia nigra ; Dopamine receptors ; Dopamine ; Apomorphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unilateral intranigral injections of dopamine in conscious rats pretreated with nialamide resulted in either ipsiversive or contraversive rotation depending upon the site of injection. Injection of dopamine (50 μg) into the zona compacta of the substantia nigra induced weak ipsiversive or mixed ipsiversive and contraversive rotation. Injection of dopamine (12.5–50.0 μg) into zona reticulata of substantia nigra induced only contraversive circling. Destruction of the ipsilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) abolished ipsiversive circling but enhanced contraversive circling produced by dopamine or apomorphine. The combination of a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of MFB with a kainic acid or electrolesion of the ipsilateral strio-nigral and pallido-nigral pathways reduced contraversive circling to intranigral apomorphine (10 μg). Ipsiversive circling produced following intranigral injection of dopamine is dependent upon the integrity of ascending dopamine neurones. Contraversive rotation is independent of ascending dopamine pathways but is reliant upon afferent input to the substantia nigra from the striatum and/or globus pallidus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237275
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced GABA function in the angular complex (lateral periaqueductal grey matter and adjacent reticular formation) alters the postural component of striatal- or nigral-derived circling (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Circling behaviour ; Angular complex ; GABA ; Substantia nigra ; Striatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unilateral injection of muscimol into the angular complex (lateral periaqueductal grey matter and adjacent reticular formation) caused ipsiversive rotation. Focal injection of picrotoxin into the same site produced contraversive rotation. Administration of apomorphine to animals with a unilateral 6OHDA lesion of the left medial forebrain bundle caused contraversive rotation. Focal injection of muscimol into the angular complex reversed the direction of rotation such that apomorphine administration now produced ipsiversive circling. Unilateral injection of muscimol into substantia nigra zona reticulata caused contraversive rotation. Focal injection of picrotoxin into the same site produced ipsiversive rotation. The prior injection of muscimol into the ipsilateral angular complex prevented the contraversive rotation induced by intranigral administration of muscimol such that animals now showed ipsiversive circling. In both 6-OHDA-lesioned animals and animals receiving intranigral muscimol, focal injection of muscimol into the angular complex caused a reversal in the direction of circling through loss of the postural component with no obvious change in locomotor activity. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the angular complex overall had no effect on amphetamine-induced locomotion. Manipulation of GABA function in the angular complex alters circling behaviour initiated from the striatum or substantia nigra by altering the postural component without affecting the locomotor response of the animals. The data suggest a critical role for the angular complex as an outflow station from basal ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237436
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lesions of the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra alter dopamine mediated circling behaviour (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 52 (1983), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Kainic acid lesions ; Globus pallidus ; Entopeduncular nucleus ; Substantia nigra ; Circling behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unilateral kainic acid lesions of the globus pallidus in the rat caused weak spontaneous circling at 3 and 10 days after surgery. Unilateral kainic acid lesions of the entopeduncular nucleus caused no spontaneous circling at any time after surgery. Systemic administration of apomorphine to such lesioned animals caused ipsiversive circling in both groups. Pallidal lesions in animals with a prior ipsilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the medial forebrain bundle attenuated apomorphine-induced, but not amphetamine-induced, circling. Entopeduncular nucleus lesions in the 6-OHDA lesioned animal attenuated both apomorphine- and (+)-amphetamine-induced circling. Kainic acid lesions of the globus pallidus or entopeduncular nucleus did not alter nigral glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity. Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the globus pallidus or entopeduncular nucleus caused ipsiversive circling in response to apomorphine. An electrolytic lesion of the globus pallidus in animals with a prior 6-OHDA lesion did not alter (+)-amphetamine-induced circling but reversed the direction of apomorphine-induced circling. Electrolytic lesions of the entopeduncular nucleus enhanced (+)-amphetamine-induced circling and attenuated apomorphine-induced circling. Nigral GAD activity was reduced by electrolytic lesions of the globus pallidus but not by those of the entopeduncular nucleus. Large kainic acid lesions in the area of the substantia nigra caused weak spontaneous contraversive circling 3 days after surgery, and ipsiversive circling in response to the systemic administration of apomorphine. Similar lesions in animals with a prior ipsilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the medial forebrain bundle initially attenuated the response to (+)-amphetamine, but the response returned with time. The direction of apomorphine-induced circling was reversed in these animals. The strio-nigral pathway and nigral efferents are confirmed to be involved in circling induced by dopamine agonists in rats with a unilateral lesion of the medial forebrain bundle. Both the globus pallidus and the entopeduncular nucleus also appear to be involved in this dopamine-mediated circling behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236638
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of somatostatin on dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in the caudate-putamen of the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Adenylate cyclase ; Caudate-putamen ; Dopamine ; Somatostatin ; 6-hydroxydopamine ; Kainic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of somatostatin-14 (SRIF) on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in caudateputamen pellets was studied in naive female rats, and in rats with chemical lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract produced by injecion of 6-hydroxydopamine, or of the caudate-putamen itself produced by injection of kainic acid 3 week earlier. In unlesioned rats somatostatin at a concentration of 10−7 moles/1 inhibited adenylate cyclase activation by submaximal concentrations of dopamine, increasing the apparent Km but not altering Emax. In 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats somatostatin no longer influenced adenylate cyclase activity, whereas in kainic acid lesioned rats somatostatin still increased the apparent Km for dopamine activation. The effect of somatostatin in untreated and lesioned rats is compatible with a partial competitive antagonism to dopamine. Although the data from the lesioned rats present preliminary results, the dose response characteristics and the effects in lesioned animals suggest a more complex interaction, possibly by binding of somatostatin to an inhibitory subunit of regulatory adenylate cyclase components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236035
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative Stress and Parkinson's Disease (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 786 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb39064.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Nigral Iron Content and Alterations in Other Metal Ions Occurring in Brain in Parkinson's Disease (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 52 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Levels of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and lead were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy in parkinsonian and age-matched control brain tissue. There was 31-35% increase in the total iron content of the parkinsonian substantia nigra when compared to control tissue. In contrast, in the globus pallidus total iron levels were decreased by 29% in Parkinson's disease. There was no change in the total iron levels in any other region of the parkinsonian brain. Total copper levels were reduced by 34–45% in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease; no difference was found in the other brain areas examined. Zinc levels were increased in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease by 50–54%, and the zinc content of the caudate nucleus and lateral putamen was also raised by 18–35%. Levels of manganese and lead were unchanged in all areas of the parkinsonian brain studied when compared to control brains, except for a small decrease (20%) in manganese content of the medial putamen. Increased levels of total iron in the substantia nigra may cause the excessive formation of toxic oxygen radicals, leading to dopamine cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07264.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal Lipid Peroxidation in Substantia Nigra Is Increased in Parkinson's Disease (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 52 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels (an index of the amount of substrate available for lipid peroxidation) were measured in several brain regions from patients who died with Parkinson's disease and age-matched control human postmortem brains. PUFA levels were reduced in parkinsonian substantia nigra compared to other brain regions and to control tissue. However, basal malondialdehyde (MDA; an intermediate in the lipid peroxidation process) levels were increased in parkinsonian nigra compared with other parkinsonian brain regions and control tissue. Expressing basal MDA levels in terms of PUFA content, the difference between parkinsonian and control substantia nigra was even more pronounced. Stimulating MDA production by incubating tissue with FeSO4 plus ascorbic acid, FeSO4 plus H2O2, or air alone produced lower MDA levels in the parkinsonian substantia nigra, probably reflecting the lower PUFA content. These results may indicate that an increased level of lipid peroxidation continues to occur in the parkinsonian nigra up to the time of death, perhaps because of continued exposure to excess free radicals derived from some endogenous or exogenous neurotoxic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09133.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that [3H]Dopamine Is Taken Up and Released from Nondopaminergic Nerve Terminals in the Rat Substantia Nigra In Vitro (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Potassium chloride (25 mM) and (+)-amphet-amine (100 μM) both stimulated the release of radioactivity from slices of substantia nigra preincubated with [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine ([3H]dopamine). Potassium chloride (25 mM) released radioactivity from slices of both zona compacta and zona reticulata. Prior 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of one nigro-striatal pathway did not reduce the spontaneous release of radioactivity, or the potassium chloride- or amphetamine-induced release of radioactivity from slices of nigra ipsilateral to the lesion after preincubation with [3H]dopamine. The accumulation of radioactivity following incubation of nigral slices from 6-OHDA-lesioned animals with [3H]dopamine was increased when compared to uptake into slices from intact tissue. In synap-tosomal preparations of striatum, nomifensine but not de-sipramine or fluoxetine inhibited [3H]dopamine uptake. In contrast, nomifensine, desipramine, and fluoxetine all inhibited [3H]dopamine uptake in nigral synaptosomal preparations. Following 6-OHDA lesions of one nigro-striatal pathway the uptake of [3H]dopamine into nigral synaptosomal preparations was unchanged but uptake into striatal preparations was substantially decreased. In contrast, bilateral electrolesions of the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei reduced [3H]dopamine uptake into nigral preparations but not into striatal synaptosomes. The uptake of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT) into synaptosomal preparations of substantia nigra was abolished by fluoxetine and reduced by desipramine, but was unaffected by nomifensine. In contrast, fluoxetine, desipramine, and nomifensine all inhibited [3H]5-HT uptake into striatal synaptosomal reparations. Following 6-OHDA lesions of one nigro-striatal pathway the uptake of [3H]5-HT into nigral synaptosomal preparations was unchanged but uptake into striatal preparations was reduced. In contrast, bilateral electrolesions of the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei reduced [3H]5-HT uptake into both nigral and striatal synaptosomal preparations. These results suggest that in tissue preparations from substantia nigra, the in vitro uptake and release of [3H]dopamine may not reflect dendritic dopamine function alone, but may involve other neuronal processes, particularly 5-HT neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05485.x
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