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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background, aims: Periodontal disease is a significant cause of tooth loss among adults and is characterized by the alteration and permanent destruction of the deeper periodontal tissues. Although the presence of pathologic microbes is required to trigger this process, the amplification and progression of the diseased state is believed to rely heavily on the production of host mediators in response to bacteria or their metabolic products. The inflammatory response is effective in preventing large-scale colonization of the gingival tissues by bacteria that lie in close proximity to the tooth surface or within the gingival sulcus. It has been postulated that the host-response in some individuals may lead to an over-reaction to invading oral pathogens resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues.Methods: Several host-derived mediators are believed to contribute to this response. Two agents considered to be essential in periodontal destruction are interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We investigated the role of IL-1 and TNF in the loss of connective tissue attachment in a Macaca fascicularis primate model of experimental periodontitis. Silk ligatures impregnated with the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis were wrapped around the posterior teeth and the activity of IL-1 and TNF were inhibited by soluble receptors to these proinflammatory cytokines via local injection into interdental papillae.Results: Histomorphometric analysis indicates that IL-1 and TNF antagonists significantly reduced the loss of connective tissue attachment by approximately 51% and the loss of alveolar bone height by almost 91%, both of which were statistically significant.Conclusion: This investigation demonstrates that the loss of connective tissue attachment and progression of periodontal disease can be retarded by antagonists to specific host mediators such as IL-1 and TNF and may provide a potential treatment modality to combat the disease process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background, aims: Connective tissue grafts are used successfully in periodontal therapy for root coverage. However, reports on the histologic interface between the root surface and the grafted tissue have been few in number. This report describes a case study in which a subepithelial connective tissue graft was placed in a 27-year-old female on the maxillary left side.Methods: The graft (15 mm long, 10 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick) included palatal periosteum and was placed with the periosteal side facing the exposed bone and root surfaces.Results: 15 weeks after grafting, the teeth presented with residual recessions of 1 mm, and buccal probing depths were approximately 1 mm. 14 months post-surgery, the 1st maxillary premolars on both sides were extracted for orthodontic therapy. Clinical parameters at the graft site remained as at 15 weeks. Histologic analysis of tooth #24 showed that the sulcular epithelium was keratinized; epithelium lining the dentin exhibited rete ridges projecting into the gingival connective tissue; and junctional epithelium extended over new cementum. New connective tissue attachment was also observed, including periodontal ligament.Conclusion: Biological width was comparable pre- and post-surgery, indicating a real gain in attachment of 3.9 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chondrozyt • Perichondrium • Ruhezone • Gewebeträger • Wachstumsfaktor • In vivo ; Key words Chondrocyte • Perichondrium • Resting zone • Scaffold • Growth factor • In vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Current methods for articular cartilage repair are unpredictable with respect to clinical success. In the present study, we investigated the ability of cells from articular cartilage, perichondrium, and costochondral resting zone to form new cartilage when loaded onto biodegradable scaffolds and implanted into calf muscle pouches of nu/nu mice. Prior in vitro studies showed that platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), but not transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor, or bone morphogenetic protein-2 promoted proliferation and extracellular matrix sulfation of resting zone chondrocytes without causing the cells to exhibit a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. TGF-β1 has also been shown to stimulate chondrogenesis by multipotent chondroprogenitor cells like those in the perichondrium. In addition, PDGF-BB has been shown to modulate chondrogensis by resting zone cells implanted in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds. In the present study we examined whether the cartilage formation is dependent on state of chondrocyte maturation and whether the pretreatment of chondrocytes with growth factors has an influence on the cartilage formation. Scaffolds were manufactured from 80 % PLG with a 75:25 lactide:glycolide ratio and 20 % modified PLG with a 50:50 lactide:glycolide ratio (PLG-H scaffolds). For each experimental group, four nude mice received two identical implants, one in each calf muscle resulting in an N = 8 implants: PLG-H scaffolds alone; PLG-H scaffolds with cells derived from either the femoral articular cartilage, costochondral periochondrium, or costochondral resting zone cartilage of 125 g male Sprague-Dawley rats; PLG-H scaffolds with either articular chondrocytes or resting zone chondrocytes that were pretreated with 37,5 ng/ml rhPDGF-BB for 4 h or 24 h before implantation, or with perichondrial cells treated with PDGF-BB plus 0,22 ng/ml rhTGFβ-1 for 4 h and 24 h. At 4 or 8 weeks after implantation, samples were harvested and analyzed histomorphometrically for new cartilage formed, area of residual implant and area of fibrous connective tissue. Only resting zone cells showed the ability to form new cartilage at a heterotopic site in this study. There was no neocartilage found in nude mice with implants loaded with either articular chondrocytes or perichondrial cells. Pretreatment of resting zone chondrocytes for 4 h prior to implantation significantly increased the amount of newly formed cartilage after 8 weeks and suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy. The amount of fibrous connective tissue around implants containing either articular chondrocytes or perichondrial cells decreased with time, whereas the amount of fibrous connective tissue around implants containing resting zone chondrocytes pretreated with PDGF-BB was increased. The results showed that resting zone cells can be successfully incorporated into biodegradable porous PLG scaffolds and can induce new cartilage formation in a non-weight-bearing site. Articular chondrocytes as well as perichondrial cells did not have the capacity for neochondrogenesis when implanted heterotopically in this model.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Derzeitige Methoden für die gesicherte Reparation von artikulären Knorpeldefekten sind noch nicht etabliert. In der vorliegenden Studie habe wir das Potential von artikulären Knorpelzellen, perichondralen Zellen und Zellen der costochondralen Ruhezone untersucht, neuen Knorpel zu bilden, nachdem diese Zellen in resorbierbare Gewebeträger inkorporiert und in Muskelpouche von Nacktmäusen implantiert wurden. In-vitro-Studien haben gezeigt, dass der „platelet derived growth factor-BB“ (PDGF-BB), aber nicht „transforming growth factor β-1“ (TGF-β1), „basic fibroblast growth factor“ oder „bone morphogenetic protein-2“ die Proliferation und extrazelluläre Matrixsulfatierung von costochondralen Ruhezonezellen stimulieren, ohne dass die Zellen einen hypertrophischen Phänotyp exprimieren. Der TGF-β1 kann außerdem die Chondrogenese durch multipotente Chondroprogenitorzellen wie im Perichondrium stimulieren. Der PDGF-BB kann die Chondrogenesis von Ruhezonezellen nach Implantation mit Poly(D,L-Lactid-Glycolid) (PLG) in den Muskelpouch der Maus regulieren. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir, ob die Knorpelneubildung vom Differenzierungsgrad der Zellen abhängt und ob die Vorbehandlung von Chondrozyten mit PDGF-BB einen Einfluss auf die Knorpelneubildung hat. Die Gewebeträger wurden aus 80 % (PLG) mit einem Laktid:Glykolid-Verhältnis von 75:25 und 20 % modifiziertem PLG mit einem Laktid:Glykolid-Verhältnis von 50:50 (PLG-H) hergestellt. In jeder Versuchsgruppe erhielten 4 Mäuse je 2 identische Implantate, ein Implantat in jeden Muskelpouch (n = 8): PLG-H allein, PLG-H + Zellen aus entweder artikulärem Knorpel, costochondralem Perichondrium oder costochondralen Ruhezonezellen von 125 g Sprague-Dawley-Ratten. Die PLG-H mit artikulären Chondrozyten oder costochondralen Ruhezonezellen wurden für 4 h oder 24 h vor der Implantation mit 37,5 ng/ml rhPDGF-BB vorbehandelt; perichondrale Zellen wurden mit PDGF-BB und 0,22 ng/ml rhTGFβ-1 für 4 h und 24 h vorbehandelt. Nach 4 und 8 Wochen wurden die Implantate histomorphometrisch analysiert, und es wurden folgende Parameter gemessen: Fläche des neugebildeten Knorpels, Fläche des residualen Implantats und die Fläche des fibrösen Gewebes in der Nähe des Implantats. Lediglich Ruhezonezellen zeigten das Potential, heterotop neuen Knorpel zu bilden. Wir fanden keinen neuen Knorpel in Mäusen mit Implantaten, die mit artikulären oder perichondralen Zellen beladen waren. Die Vorbehandlung von Ruhezonezellen reguliert die Menge an neugebildetem Knorpel und inhibierte auch die Hypertrophie der Zellen. Die Menge des fibrösen Gewebes um die Implantate verringerte sich mit der Zeit, war jedoch durch die Behandlung der Zellen mit PDGF-BB erhöht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Chondrozyten erfolgreich in poröse PLG-Gewebeträger inkorporiert werden können, dass sie die heterotope Bildung von neuem Knorpel induzieren und PDGF-BB die Differenzierung von Ruhezonezellen in vivo regulieren kann. Artikuläre Chondrozyten und perichondrale Zellen hatten in diesem Modell nicht das Potential, neuen Knorpel zu bilden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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