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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-released carbon dioxide from microbial biomass carbon in the cultivated soils of karst areas of southwest China (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass carbon ; Soil-released carbon dioxide ; Karst areas ; Southwest China ; Ultisols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Soil microbial biomass and the emission of CO2 from the soil surface were measured in yellow soils (Ultisols) of the karst areas of southwest China. The soils are relatively weathered, leached and impoverished, and have a low input of plant residues. The measurements were made for a 1-year period and show a reciprocal relationship between microbial biomass and surface CO2 efflux. The highest (42.6±2.8 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) and lowest (15.6±0.6 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) CO2 effluxes are found in the summer and winter, respectively. The cumulative CO2 efflux is 0.24 kg CO2-C m–2 year–1. There is also a marked seasonal variation in the amount of soil microbial biomass carbon, but with the highest (644±71 μg C g–1 soil) and lowest (270±24 μg C g–1 soil) values occurring in the winter and summer, respectively. The cumulative loss of soil microbial biomass carbon in the top 10 cm of the soil was 608 μg C g–1 year–1 soil over 17 sampling times. The mean residence time of microbial biomass is estimated at 105 days, suggesting that the carbon in soil microbial biomass may act as a source of the CO2 released from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003749900189
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of ytterbium fulleride compounds (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.10.Nz; 68.65; 71.20.T; 81.05.Tp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have synthesized the ytterbium fulleride compounds YbxC60 (x=1–6) at a range of lower temperature (530 °C–570 °C). Except for the nominal composition Yb3C60 compound, which has been reported in the references, we also obtained a new phase Yb6C60, whose structure is orthorhombic with space group P21212 and unit cell parameters a=21.28 Å, b=20.13 Å and c=15.89 Å. The YbxC60 compounds are sensitive to oxygen, the samples exposed in air convert to an amorphous phase and Yb2O3 compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050037
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moisture Loss and Lipid Oxidation for Precooked Ground-Beef Patties Packaged in Edible Starch-Alginate-Based Composite Films (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Edible films of starch-alginate (SA), starch-alginate-stearic acid (SAS), SA-tocopherol, SAS-tocopherol, tocopherol-coated SA film, and tocopherol-coated SAS film were evaluated for their effectiveness in maintaining quality of precooked beef patties stored at 4 °C. Patty weight loss, moisture loss, 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value, the formation of hexanal, pentane, and total volatiles of samples differed with film composition. SAS-based films were more effective (P 〈 0.05) in controlling moisture loss than lipid oxidation. Tocopherol-treated films were more effective (P 〈 0.05) in inhibiting lipid oxidation than were nontocopherol films. Most of the tested edible films were not as effective as polyester vacuum bags in retarding moisture loss and lipid oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb16137.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moisture Loss and Lipid Oxidation for Precooked Beef Patties Stored in Edible Coatings and Films (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Edible/biodegradable wheat gluten (WG), soy protein (SP), carrageenan (CA) and chitosan (CH) films and coatings were used on precooked beef patties. After 3 d of refrigerated storage, no difference was found in moisture loss between WG, SP, and CH film-wrapped patties and unpackaged patties (control-A). All coatings were as effective as polyvinyl chloride film (control-B) in reducing moisture loss. CA film decreased moisture loss but not as effective as control-B. WG, SP, and CA coatings and CA film reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and hexanal values compared to control-A. WG-coated patties had lower hexanal values than control-B samples. WG, SP, and CH films were not effective in controlling lipid oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb15997.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Meat-Like Process Flavoring from Soybean-Based Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (E-HVP) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a meat-like process flavoring agent from enzyme-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (E-HVP). Five factors were evaluated: pH (3.6 to 8.4), temperature (51 to 99 °C), heating period (0.3 to 2.7 h), amount of ribose (0 to 1 × KHmol) and amount of cysteine (0 to 1 × 10 3mol). Sensory analysis limited to aroma in terms of overall liking and intensity of specific aroma attributes was investigated. The aroma attributes measured included bean-like, potato-like, Brussels sprouts-like, molasses-like, chicken-like, beef-like, egg-like, roasted and apple sauce-like). Based on the fitted surfaces and consumer test data (overall liking), the optimum reaction conditions for production of a meat-like flavoring were pH 6,99 °C reaction temperature, 1.5 h heating time, 5 × 10−4 mol of ribose and 5 × 10−4 mol of cysteine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10269.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Meat and Bone Meal in Practical Diets Fed to Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis) were fed one of eight diets to evaluate meat and bone meal as a source of crude protein and essential amino acids. Diets contained either 0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45% meat and bone meal substituted for an isonitrogenous amount of soybean meal and fish meal. All diets were fed for 7 wk, followed by a 2-wk digestibility trial. Mean consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by addition of meat and bone meal into diets. Intraperitoneal and liver lipid concentrations were not significantly affected by meat and bone meal. Fillet proximate composition was not significantly different among treatments. Apparent crude protein, phosphorus, and amino acid availabilities were significantly lower in fish fed 45% meat and bone meal compared to fish fed 30% and lower concentrations and generally lower in fish fed greater than 30% meat and bone meal. Based on these data, it appears meat and bone meal can be used as the primary source of crude protein and essential amino acids in practical growout diets for hybrid striped bass, comprising as much as 45% of the diet. Nutrient availability values were lower in fish fed greater than 30% meat and bone meal and may restrict usage in some applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00024.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flux pinning and dissipation in textured multifilamentary (Bi–Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox/Ag tapes (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3861-3867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the magnetotransport, magnetization properties, and microstructure of multifilamentary (Bi–Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223)/Ag tapes with varying filaments from 1 to 37 to explore the energy dissipation, reversible flux motion, and flux pinning related to the microstructure. Our results show that the dissipation is temperature, current, and magnetic field induced. The dissipation is thermally activated and the vortex liquid state is plastically deformed. The dissociation of vortex–antivortex pairs by current, magnetic field, and temperature plays a major role in enhancing the dissipation process, resulting in large broadening in the transition. We observed a reversible fluxoid motion of vortices. The critical current density follows an exponential dependence on the magnetic field. The weak links seem to be broken even for a field as low as 5 G even 12 K below the transition temperature. However, at low temperature, the weak links behave as superconducting. The microscopic characterizations show evidence for the dislocations, stacking faults, and misorientation of grains and grain boundaries that control the critical current in tapes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353560
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic study of Myxobolus rotundus (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) using monoclonal antibodies (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00372.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis performance of yield and fibre quality in F1 and F2 hybrids in upland cotton (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Because of the difficulty of producing F1 hybrid seeds by hand emasculation and pollination, wide use of heterosis in cotton production has been limited in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of F2 hybrids for yield and fibre quality. A half diallel involving eight parents and their F1 and F2 hybrids was grown in replicated studies at Linqing and Nanjing in 1999 and Nanjing in 2000. Yield and fibre quality was determined for all 64 entries. Fibre quality was also determined for parents and F1s, but only for Zhongmiansuo 28 (ZMS28), Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) and Wanmian 13 (WM13) F2s. These three F2 hybrids are extensively planted in China and provide experimental controls with which to compare the performance of new hybrids. Average yield heterosis for F1s and F2s was 15.9 and 9.2%, respectively. Inbreeding depression for yield varied but some F2s greatly out-yielded the best variety. Average F1 heterosis was 6.7, 6.2 and 2.9%, respectively for number of bolls per unit area, boll weight, and lint percentage. The average F2 heterosis for the same traits was 4.4, 3.3 and 1.6%, respectively. F1 heterosis for fibre traits was low. In general, parental average was a good indicator of the yield and fibre quality of F1 hybrids. These encouraging results suggest there is sufficient heterosis for yield to use F2s in China.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.00990.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value and utilization of alloplasmic common wheats with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Differences between alloplasmic lines and euplasmic controls indicated consistent beneficial effects of Aegilops crassa cytoplasm on common wheats. In general, the agronomic performance of alloplasmic lines was superior to that of euplasmic controls; the significant differences observed were ascribed to nucleus-cytoplasmic (NC) interactions. A number of useful genetic attributes, for example, high yield, good quality and salt tolerance, were identified. A new NC hybrid variety ‘Xiaoshan 2134’ was bred. Field trials showed that the yield NC heterosis of ‘Xiaoshan 2134’ was 13.9% and the yield of ‘Xiaoshan 2134’ was at least 20% higher than that of a control variety widely grown in North China. The results suggested that Ae. crassa cytoplasm could broaden the genetic base of common wheat and improve common wheat cultivars by utilizing NC heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.755374.x
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