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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 340-342 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystallized cobalt clusters embedded in a copper matrix exhibiting giant magnetoresistance have been revealed by scanning force and friction microscopy. The microscopic images reported here should be important to understand the magnetic properties of these novel systems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Angiotensin II – coronary artery disease – congestive heart failure – sudden cardiac death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An activated renin-angiotensin system is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. Angiotensin II acts on AT1 and AT2 receptors. Stimulation of AT1 receptors is associated with ¶• endothelial dysfunction, mainly as the consequence of an increased vascular production of superoxide radicals, ¶• vasoconstriction, ¶• platelet activation, ¶• enhanced release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, ¶• activation of immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun, ¶• myocyte hypertrophy, ¶• connective tissue formation, ¶• endothelin-1 synthesis, and ¶• activation of growth factors like PDGF and TGF-β1. ¶Stimulation of AT2 receptors can mitigate or abolish the growth promoting effects of AT1 receptor stimulation. The contribution of these effects – single or in combination – on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, the phenomenon of restenosis and the process of remodeling in heart failure is being progressively elucidated. With increasing knowledge about these relationships the inhibition of AT1 receptors appears as a main target in preventive and reparative strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 6 (1997), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Epidural perineural injection ; Local injection therapy ; Lumbar radicular syndrome ; Conservative treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two controlled studies for a new epidural, perineural, singleshot, selective nerve root injection with a double-needle approach to the anterior epidural space of the lumbar spinal canal are presented. The results were analysed to determine the effectiveness of the new epidural perineural injection technique. The trial comprised two controlled studies on 182 patients. One study compared prospectively randomized results of patients with lumbar radicular syndromes who received epidural perineural injections (n = 47), conventional posterior epidural injections (n = 40) and, as a control group, paravertebral local anaesthetic (n = 46). A second, prospective, double-blind study compared the effect of epidural perineural injections with triamcinolone (n = 24) and pure saline (n = 25). Epidural perineural injections were more effective than conventional posterior epidural injections. Both epidural groups had better results than the paravertebral local injection group. Epidural perineural injections with steroids (10 mg triamcinolone) were more effective than saline alone. A systemic steroid effect was excluded by additional intramuscular steroid injections in the saline group. There were no severe complications or side effects in any of the three groups. The studies concluded that single-shot epidural perineural injection is effective in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain. It is a “one drop only” therapy to the source of pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 82-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 6 (1997), S. 98-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Percutaneous discectomy ; Osteomyelitis ; Haematogenous spondylodiscitis ; Aspiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lumbar disc infection, either after surgical discectomy or caused by haematogenous spread from other infection sources, is a severe complication. Specific antibiotic treatment has to be started as soon as possible to obtain satisfactory results in conservative treatment or operative fusion. The aim of this study was to analyse 16 cases of lumbar disc infection, treated with percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD) to obtain adequate amounts of tissue for histological examination and microbial culture. Between 1990 and 1994, 26 patients with vertebral osteomyelitis were treated. Sixteen patients, with an average age of 41.4 years (range 14–59 years), underwent a diagnostic PLD. Eight of them showed only moderate changes on computed tomograms (CT scans) and magnetic resonance (MR) images in the initial stages of the disease. The other eight showed more or less extensive osteolytic lesions of one or both vertebral bodies adjacent to the involved disc. The histology results showed non-specific discitis in nine patients and tuberculosis in one. In two patients an open biopsy had been performed, which showed non-specific discitis. Microbiological analysis revealed specific infection in 45% of the patients. These patients received a specific antibiotic treatment after antibiogram for an average of 33 days. Only three patients were treated surgically, with evacuation of the disc space and interbody fusion; the whole group received a spondylitis brace. All patients obtained satisfactory clinical results at the last follow-up regarding pain, mobility and spontaneous fusion of the involved disc space. In conclusion, PLD is a very helpful minimally invasive procedure in conservative treatment of lumbar discitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Pedicle fixation ; Posterior spine surgery ; Lumbar spine ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medial or lateral pedicle screw penetration with the potential to affect neural structures in a well-known and frequent problem associated with posterior spinal fusion. We evaluated the placement of pedicle screws (n = 141) in 36 patients following posterior lumbar spinal fusion with Socon or Kluger instrumentation via a lateral transpedicular approach. The examination was based on CT and MR images performed after removal of the instrumentation, on average 1 year after implantation. We found seven pedicle screws with lateral cortical penetration of the pedicle and five screws with medial cortical penetration of the pedicle (8.5% pedicle penetration overall). No severe radicular complications accompanied these pedicle penetrations. The mean insertion angles of the pedicle screws at the L4 level were 22.6° and 23.1° for the left and the right side, respectively. At the L5 level the mean insertion angle was 20.5° on the left side and 21.5° on the right, and at the S1 level the mean angle was 16.2° on the left and 15.2° on the right. The results of this study indicate that the lateral transpedicular approach is a safe procedure for pedicle screw insertion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 69-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Micro-disc surgery ; Prolapse surgery ; Lumbar disc surgery ; Microscope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Though many conservative and intradiscal therapies for lumbar dise herniation have been developed, open disc surgery is still necessary. To prevent postoperative epidural scar formation, which is responsible for postdiscotomy syndrome (failed back syndrome), a small approach is recommended. Microdiscotomy requires special instrumentation and training for the surgeon, otherwise problems occur such as exploration at the wrong level and dural tears. Surgeons should always use the procedure they are familiar with.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 327-334 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Microdiscotomy ; Disc classification ; Fourstep interlaminar approach ; Anatomy ; Lumbar spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Planning and performing lumbar microdiscotomy—with or without a microscope—requires a three-dimensional understanding of the spinal canal and its surrounding structures. A new disc-related classification is helpful. Lumbar motion segments are divided into disc, infradiscal and supradiscal levels in the craniocaudal plane and into medial, paramedial and lateral zones in the horizontal plane. Traversing roots, with or without nerve root sheath, and exiting roots have specific locations to the levels and zones. A comparative study of conservatively and surgically treated patients showed that not only the size of the disc herniation but also the direction of migration of the extruded disc material has a bearing on the form of treatment that is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 579-584 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Lumbar microdiscectomy • Failed back syndrome • Lumbar disc surgery • Percutaneous discectomy • Laserdiscectomy ; Schlüsselwörter Bandscheibenvorfall • Mikrochirurgische Technik • Diskotomie • Operationsmikroskop • Postdiskotomiesyndrom • Perkutane Diskotomie • Laserdiskotomie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Entscheidung, ob ein lumbaler Bandscheibenvorfall konservativ oder operativ behandelt werden soll, ist allein der klinisch/neurologische Befund maßgebend. Die bildgebenden Verfahren sind zweitrangig. Bei gegebener Indikation stehen heute zahlreiche perkutane endoskopische und offene mikrochirurgische Verfahren zur Verfügung. Die Auswahl der geeigneten Methode hängt von der pathologisch/anatomischen Situation des dislozierten Bandscheibengewebes ab. Bei geschlossenem Bandscheibenring sind noch intradiskale perkutane Verfahren wie perkutane Nukleotomie und Laserdekompression möglich. Die Ergebnisse haben in kontrollierten prospektiv randomisierten Studien enttäuscht. Die zwar effektive, jedoch durch Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen behaftete Chemonukleolyse bleibt zur Zeit als einziges intradiskales Verfahren übrig. Der endoskopische transforaminale oder interlaminäre Zugang zum lumbalen Bandscheibenvorfall befindet sich noch im Experimentierstadium. Kontrollierte Studien fehlen. Wenn offen operiert wird, besteht ein Trend zum mikrochirurgischen Eingriff. Voraussetzung ist eine klare Indikation mit entsprechendem technischem Umfeld und Training zur Durchführung der gewählten Methode.
    Notes: Summary The decision about operative or non-operative treatment of herniated lumbar discs has to be based on the results of clinical and neurological examination. Results of imaging techniques as CT or MRI are secondary. Various percutaneous endoscopic or open techniques have been described. The most appropriate technique is determined by the anatomical situation of the dislocated lumbar disc tissue. Intradiscal percutaneous therapies such as percutaneous nucleotomy and laser decompression are possible, but they revealed poor results in prospective randomized and controlled studies. Chemonucleolysis remains as an effective intradiscal technique at the time, but is afflicted with side effects and complications. Endoscopic transforaminal or interlaminary techniques are still experimental. Whenever open surgery is necessary, microsurgical techniques are preferred. If a certain technique is to be applied, there has to be the correct indication, technical support for and experience in using the choosen method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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