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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The diaphorase subunit HoxU of the bidirectional hydrogenase as electron transferring protein in cyanobacterial respiration? (1996)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 83 (1996), S. 525-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141957
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Diaphorase Subunit HoxU of the Bidirectional Hydrogenase as Electron Transferring Protein in Cyanobacterial Respiration? (1996)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 83 (1996), S. 525-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141957
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin resistance in relatives of NIDDM patients: the role of physical fitness and muscle metabolism (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 813-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Insulin resistance ; relatives ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; oral glucose tolerance test ; physical fitness ; forearm blood flow ; muscle metabolism.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary First degree relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are often reported to be insulin resistant. To examine the possible role of reduced physical fitness in this condition 21 first degree relatives of NIDDM patients and 22 control subjects without any history of diabetes were examined employing a 150-min hyperinsulinaemic (0.6 mU insulin · kg–1· min–1) euglycaemic clamp combined with the isotope dilution technique (3-3H-glucose, Hot GINF), the forearm technique and indirect calorimetry. During hyperinsulinaemia glucose disposal (Rd) and forearm glucose extraction were significantly diminished in the relatives (p 〈 0.01 and p 〈 0.05), but glucose oxidation and the suppressive effect on hepatic glucose production were normal. Arteriovenous differences across the forearm of the gluconeogenic precursors lactate, alanine and glycerol as well as the increments in forearm blood flow during hyperinsulinaemia were similar in the two groups. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was lower in the relatives than in the control subjects (36.8 ± 1.9 vs 42.1 ± 2.0 ml · kg–1· min–1; p = 0.03). There was a highly significant correlation between Rd and VO2 max in both relatives and control subjects (r = 0.68 and 0.66, respectively; both p 〈 0.001). Comparison of the linear regression analyses of insulin-stimulated Rd on VO2 max in the two groups showed no significant differences between the slopes (0.10 ± 0.03 vs 0.09 ± 0.02) or the intercepts. In stepwise multiple linear regression analyses with insulin-stimulated Rd as the dependent variable VO2 max significantly determined the level of Rd (p 〈 0.01), whereas forearm blood flow and anthropometric data did not. In conclusion, the insulin resistance in healthy first degree relatives of patients with NIDDM is associated with a diminished physical work capacity. Whether, this finding is ascribable to environmental or genetic factors (e. g. differences in muscle fibre types, capillary density etc) remains to be determined. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 813–822]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050515
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin-like growth factor-I in man enhances lipid mobilization and oxidation induced by a growth hormone pulse (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 961-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Substrate oxidation ; energy expenditure ; lipolysis ; ketogenesis ; “dawn” phenomenon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Growth hormone (GH) secretion is suppressed during insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration. The aim of the study was to examine whether IGF-I alters the metabolic response to a GH pulse. Seven healthy male subjects (age 27±4 years, BMI 21.8±1.7 kg/m2) were treated with NaCl 0.9% (saline) or IGF-I (8 Μg · kg−1 · h−1) for 5 days by continuous subcutaneous infusion in a randomized, crossover fashion while receiving an isocaloric diet (30 kcal · kg−1 · day−1). On the third treatment day an intravenous bolus of 0.5 U GH was administered. Forearm muscle metabolism was examined by measuring arterialized and deep venous blood samples, forearm blood flow by occlusion plethysmography and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. IGF-I treatment significantly reduced insulin concentrations by 80% (p〈0.02) and C-peptide levels by 78% (p〈0.02), as assessed by area under the curve. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels were elevated and alanine concentration decreased. Forearm blood flow rose from 2.10±0.43 (saline) to 2.79±0.37 ml · 100ml−1 · min−1 (IGF-I) (p〈0.02). GH-pulse: 10 h after i.v. GH injection serum GH peaked at 40.9±7.4 ng/ml. GH did not influence circulating levels of total IGFI, C-peptide, insulin or glucose, but caused a further increase in NEFA, glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels, indicating enhanced lipolysis and ketogenesis. This effect of GH was much more pronounced during IGF-I: NEFA rose from 702±267 (saline) and 885±236 (IGF-I) to 963±215 (saline) (p〈0.05) and 1815±586 Μmol/l (IGF-I) (p〈0.02), respectively; after 5 h, 3-OH-butyrate rose from 242±234 (saline) and 340±280 (IGF-I) to 678±638 (saline) (p〈0.02) and 1115±578 Μmol/l (IGF-I) (p〈0.02) respectively. After injection of GH, forearm uptake of 3-OH-butyrate was markedly elevated only in the subjects treated with IGF-I: from 44±195 to 300±370 after 20 min (p〈0.03) and to 287±91 nmol · 100 ml−1 · min−1after 120 min (p〈0.02). In conclusion, the lipolytic and ketogenic response to GH was grossly enhanced during IGF-I treatment, and utilization of ketone bodies by skeletal muscle was increased.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403916
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin-like growth factor-I in man enhances lipid mobilization and oxidation induced by a growth hormone pulse (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 961-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Substrate oxidation ; energy expenditure ; lipolysis ; ketogenesis ; “dawn” phenomenon.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Growth hormone (GH) secretion is suppressed during insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration. The aim of the study was to examine whether IGF-I alters the metabolic response to a GH pulse. Seven healthy male subjects (age 27 ± 4 years, BMI 21.8 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were treated with NaCl 0.9 % (saline) or IGF-I (8 μg · kg–1· h–1) for 5 days by continuous subcutaneous infusion in a randomized, crossover fashion while receiving an isocaloric diet (30 kcal · kg–1· day–1). On the third treatment day an intravenous bolus of 0.5 U GH was administered. Forearm muscle metabolism was examined by measuring arterialized and deep venous blood samples, forearm blood flow by occlusion plethysmography and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. IGF-I treatment significantly reduced insulin concentrations by 80 % (p 〈 0.02) and C-peptide levels by 78 % (p 〈 0.02), as assessed by area under the curve. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels were elevated and alanine concentration decreased. Forearm blood flow rose from 2.10 ± 0.43 (saline) to 2.79 ± 0.37 ml · 100ml–1· min–1 (IGF-I) (p 〈 0.02). GH-pulse: 10 h after i. v. GH injection serum GH peaked at 40.9 ± 7.4 ng/ml. GH did not influence circulating levels of total IGF-I, C-peptide, insulin or glucose, but caused a further increase in NEFA, glycerol and 3-OH-butyrate levels, indicating enhanced lipolysis and ketogenesis. This effect of GH was much more pronounced during IGF-I: NEFA rose from 702 ± 267 (saline) and 885 ± 236 (IGF-I) to 963 ± 215 (saline) (p 〈 0.05) and 1815 ± 586 μmol/l (IGF-I) (p 〈 0.02), respectively; after 5 h, 3-OH-butyrate rose from 242 ± 234 (saline) and 340 ± 280 (IGF-I) to 678 ± 638 (saline) (p 〈 0.02) and 1115 ± 578 μmol/l (IGF-I) (p 〈 0.02) respectively. After injection of GH, forearm uptake of 3-OH-butyrate was markedly elevated only in the subjects treated with IGF-I: from 44 ± 195 to 300 ± 370 after 20 min (p 〈 0.03) and to 287 ± 91 nmol · 100 ml–1· min–1after 120 min (p 〈 0.02). In conclusion, the lipolytic and ketogenic response to GH was grossly enhanced during IGF-I treatment, and utilization of ketone bodies by skeletal muscle was increased. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 961–969]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403916
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure and its association with aerobic work capacity (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Insulin resistance ; hyperinsulinaemia ; glucose tolerance ; chronic renal failure ; aerobic work capacity.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tissue sensitivity to insulin and aerobic work capacity was measured in patients with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure. Twenty-nine non-diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml · min−1· 1.73 m−2 (11–43) (median, range) and 15 sex, age, and body mass index matched control subjects with normal renal function were studied. Fasting blood glucose was comparable and in the non-diabetic range in the two groups as was the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients demonstrated hyperinsulinaemia both during fasting (p 〈 0.01) and during the test (p 〈 0.02). The tissue sensitivity to insulin, expressed by the amount of glucose infused during the last 60 min of a 120-min hyperinsulinaemia euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and the M/I ratio, was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (M-value 404 ± 118 vs 494 ± 85 mg glucose/kg body weight, p 〈 0.02) (M/I ratio 1.77 ± 0.71 vs 2.57 ± 0.70 (mg/(kgBW · min) per pmol/l · 100, p 〈 0.001). The maximal aerobic work capacity was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (24 ± 8 vs 32 ± 11 ml O2/(kg body weight · min), p 〈 0.02) and positively correlated to the M-value and the M/I ratio in both groups. In conclusion, not only patients with end-stage chronic renal failure but also those with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic. The tissue sensitivity to insulin is correlated to the maximal aerobic work capacity suggesting that these patients might benefit from physical training programmes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 565–572]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400725
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of muscle glycogen synthase activity and non-oxidative glucose disposal during hypoglycaemia in normal man (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 226-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Hypoglycaemia ; counter-regulation ; glucose disposal ; muscle glycogen synthase activity ; glucose mass effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of muscle glycogen synthase activity in the reduction of glucose uptake during hypoglycaemia. Six healthy young men were examined twice; during 120 min of hyperinsulinaemic (1.5 mU · kg−1 · min−1) euglycaemia followed by: 1) 240 min of graded hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose nadir 2.8 mmol/l) or 2) 240 min of euglycaemia. At 350–360 min a muscle biopsy was taken and indirect calorimetry was performed at 210–240 and 330–350 min. Hypoglycaemia was associated with markedly increased levels of adrenaline, growth hormone and glucagon and also with less hyperinsulinaemia. During hypoglycaemia the fractional velocity for glycogen synthase was markedly reduced; from 29.8±2.3 to 6.4±0.9%, p〈0.05. Total glucose disposal was decreased during hypoglycaemia (5.58±0.55 vs 11.01±0.75 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (euglycaemia); p〈0.05); this was primarily due to a reduction of non-oxidative glucose disposal (2.43±0.41 vs 7.15±0.7 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (euglycaemia); p〈0.05), whereas oxidative glucose disposal was only suppressed to a minor degree. In conclusion hypoglycaemia virtually abolishes the effect of insulin on muscle glycogen synthase activity. This is in keeping with the finding of a marked reduction of non-oxidative glucose metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403967
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure and its association with aerobic work capacity (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin resistance ; hyperinsulinaemia ; glucose tolerance ; chronic renal failure ; aerobic work capacity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Tissue sensitivity to insulin and aerobic work capacity was measured in patients with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure. Twenty-nine non-diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 (11–43) (median, range) and 15 sex, age, and body mass index matched control subjects with normal renal function were studied. Fasting blood glucose was comparable and in the non-diabetic range in the two groups as was the oral glucose tolerance test. Patients demonstrated hyperinsulinaemia both during fasting (p〈0.01) and during the test (p〈0.02). The tissue sensitivity to insulin, expressed by the amount of glucose infused during the last 60 min of a 120-min hyperinsulinaemia euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and the M/I ratio, was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (M-value 404±118 vs 494±85 mg glucose/kg body weight, p〈0.02) (M/I ratio 1.77±0.71 vs 2.57±0.70 (mg/(kgBW·min) per pmol/l·100, p〈0.001). The maximal aerobic work capacity was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (24±8 vs 32±11 ml O2/(kg body weight·min), p〈0.02) and positively correlated to the M-value and the M/I ratio in both groups. In conclusion, not only patients with end-stage chronic renal failure but also those with mild to moderate progressive chronic renal failure are insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic. The tissue sensitivity to insulin is correlated to the maximal aerobic work capacity suggesting that these patients might benefit from physical training programmes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400725
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Twenty-four-hour insulin secretion rates, circulating concentrations of fuel substrates and gut incretin hormones in healthy offspring of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic parents: evidence of several aberrations (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1314-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Prediabetes ; physiological approach ; 24-h profile ; glucose ; insulin ; insulin secretion ; proinsulin ; non-esterified fatty acids ; gut incretin hormones ; intermediary metabolites.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Insulin resistance is a common feature in relatives of patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and abnormalities in beta-cell function can also exist. Insight into non-fasting carbohydrate metabolism in these potentially prediabetic subjects relies almost exclusively on studies in which glucose is infused or ingested or both. We aimed to characterize insulin secretion and aspects of hormonal and metabolic patterns in relatives using a physiological approach. Methods. We examined profiles of insulin, C peptide, proinsulin, gut incretin hormones and fuel substrates in 26 glucose tolerant but insulin resistant (clamp) relatives and 17 control subjects during a 24-hour period including three meals. Results. During the day plasma glucose was slightly raised in relatives (p 〈 0.05). Overall insulin secretion calculated on the basis of C peptide kinetics were increased in relatives (p 〈 0.0005) whereas incremental insulin secretion after all three meals were similar. Peak incremental insulin secretion tended, however, to be reduced in relatives (p 〈 0.10). Despite considerably increased insulin concentrations in relatives (70 %, p 〈 0.001), serum NEFA did not differ. Postprandial proinsulin concentrations (p 〈 0.05), but not proinsulin:insulin ratios, were increased in relatives. After meals concentrations of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide (p 〈 0.05) were increased in relatives. Glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations were similar. Conclusion/interpretation. Several hormonal and metabolic aberrations are present in healthy relatives of Type II diabetic patients during conditions that simulate daily living. Increased concentrations of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide could indicate a beta-cell receptor defect for glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide in the prediabetic stage of Type II diabetes. Incremental insulin secretion after mixed meals appear normal in relatives, although a trend towards diminished peak values possibly signifies early beta-cell dysfunction. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1314–1323]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051444
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