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  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: a framework for policy based on lifecourse research (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 30 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Tackling health inequalities is moving up the policy agenda of richer societies like the UK, with governments looking for evidence to guide policy review and development. Observational studies of how childhood disadvantage compromises health in adulthood are an important part of the evidence base, but are largely inaccessible to the policy community. We develop a framework which captures the findings of these studies. Our framework highlights how disadvantage in childhood adversely affects both socio-economic circumstances and health in adulthood through a set of interlocking processes. Key among these are children's developmental health (their physical, cognitive and emotional development) and health behaviours, together with the associated educational and social trajectories. In breaking down the link between childhood disadvantage and adult health into its constituent elements, the framework provides a basis for understanding where and how policies can make a difference. The paper argues that the process of policy review and development needs to include both new programmes and the mainstream policies in which they are embedded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00457.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Earth Observation Data Policy and Europe. (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0031-868X.2003.024_05.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Postanaesthetic shivering in children (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This study was designed to assess the incidence, severity and possible aetiological factors ofpostanaesthetic shivering in children. Three hundred and seventy-six children undergoing general anaesthesia were enrolled in the study. Tympanic membrane temperatures were recorded pre-operatively and every 15 min postoperatively in the recovery room until discharge to the ward. Also recorded were all anaesthetic data including fluid administration, methods of temperature preservation used, sedation scores and shivering (using a four-point scale). The overall incidence of shivering was 14.4%. Multiple regression analysis identified three factors that were significantly related to shivering: age, the administration of atropine and peri-operative temperature changes. Children who shivered rewarmed faster in the recovery room.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07788.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anaesthetic depth at inductionAn evaluation using clinical eye signs and EEG polysomnography (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We describe the stages of non-REM sleep induced by anaesthesia with sevoflurane 8% in oxygen and relate these stages to clinical eye positions. We explored John Snow's observation (1847) that ‘when voluntary movement ceases, with the eyes fixed in an upward gaze during the gas induction of anaesthesia, the patient is protected against the risk of mental suffering’ (awareness). Unpremedicated ASA 1 patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy were studied using EEG polysomnographic principles and clinical eye movement tracking. The results expressed as median and range were: latency to stage 1 sleep 4.5 min [2.5–7.5], stage 2 sleep 5 min [3.5–8.5], stage 3 sleep 5.5 min [4–12] and stage 4 sleep 6 min [4.5–15.5]. Eye position 5, the point of no further eye movement, was reached after 9 min [5.5–18.5]. This was significantly longer than the time taken to reach the stage 4 sleep EEG, p 〈 0.01, supporting Snow's observation and encouraging investigation into eye movement tracking technology as a potential monitor of anaesthetic depth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00468.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cigarette consumption and socio-economic circumstances in adolescence as predictors of adult smoking (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 98 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Aim  To investigate effects of cigarette consumption level and socio-economic circumstances during adolescence on adult smoking.Methods  1958 British birth cohort (all births 3–9 March 1958). Logistic regression used to predict (i) smoking at 41 years and (ii) persistent smoking (at 23, 33 and 41 years) from cigarette consumption and socio-economic circumstances at 16 years, indicated by social class and educational qualifications.Results  Of 6537 subjects with full smoking history, 30% smoked at 16 years, 23% smoked at 41 years and 19% smoked at 23, 33 and 41 years (persistent smokers). Heavier smokers at 16, 23 and 33 years were more likely to smoke at 41 years than lighter smokers. The odds ratio (OR) of smoking at 41 years was 2.5 for men and 3.0 for women who smoked ≥60 cigarettes/week at age 16, relative to 〈20 cigarettes/week. Subjects from manual social backgrounds and those with no qualifications had elevated risks of being a smoker at 41 years or a persistent smoker. These effects were robust to adjustment for adolescent consumption level (e.g. adjusted OR for no qualifications was 3.8). However, adolescent consumption level modified the effect of educational achievements. Among lighter adolescent smokers, those gaining higher qualifications had lower prevalence of smoking at 41 years (16%) than men with no qualifications (83%); among heavier adolescent smokers, prevalence was more similar for subjects with higher (56%) and no qualifications (69%).Conclusions  Socio-economic background appears to influence adult smoking behaviour separately from adolescent cigarette consumption which is a recognized measure of nicotine dependence. There was some evidence that effects of early nicotine dependence are modified by educational achievements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00552.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acute superior vena caval syndrome with airway obstruction following elective mediastinoscopy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A 47-year-old female patient had a subclinical superior vena caval syndrome which developed into the ‘full blown’ acute condition when she was placed into the left lateral position after mediastinoscopy. She developed airway obstruction requiring urgent re-intubation and subsequent admission to the intensive care unit. This subclinical condition might have been suspected pre-operatively if closer attention had been paid to the history, physical examination and review of the computerised axial tomography scan: she had a history of intermittent dyspnoea, wheeze and cough which was worse on waking and improved as the day progressed, she had a positive Pemberton's sign and the computerised axial tomography scan showed that the lesion was encroaching on the superior vena cava.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.209-az0343.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking in a national birth cohort (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 100 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Aims  To assess (i) continuities in binge drinking across adulthood and (ii) the association between adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking.Design  Population-based prospective birth cohort.Setting  England, Scotland and Wales.Participants  All births during one week in March 1958 (n = 8520 in analysis).Measurements  Alcohol consumption reported at 16, 23, 33 and 42 years. Binge drinkers were identified by dividing number of units of alcohol consumed in the last week by usual drinking frequency, with limits of ≥10 units/occasion for men and ≥7 for women.Findings  Four in five cohort members drank alcohol at least twice a month. Prevalences of binge drinking at 23, 33 and 42 years among men were 37%, 28% and 31% and among women 18%, 13% and 14%. Most binge drinkers in adulthood changed drinking status during this period. Nevertheless, binge drinking at age 23 increased the odds of binge drinking at 42 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% CI 1.85, 2.39) for men; OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.29,1.89) for women. Women who rarely or never drank aged 16 were less likely than light drinkers (0–2 units/week) to binge drink as adults, OR at 23 years 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.77). Men who were heavier drinkers (≥7 units/week) at 16 years were more likely than light drinkers to binge drink throughout adulthood; at 42 years, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33, 2.08).Conclusions  Binge drinking is common in British men and women throughout adulthood with continuities between the 20s and 40s. Adolescent drinking has a modest although important association with adult binge drinking.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01034.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 333-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: The Malaise Inventory is a commonly used self-completion scale for assessing psychiatric morbidity. There is some evidence that it may represent two separate psychological and somatic sub-scales rather than a single underlying factor of distress. This paper provides further information on the factor structure of the Inventory and on the reliability and validity of the total scale and two sub-scales. Methods: Two general population samples completed the full Inventory: over 11,000 subjects from the National Child Development Study at ages 23 and 33, and 544 mothers of adolescents included in the Isle of Wight epidemiological surveys. Results: The internal consistency of the full 24-item scale and the 15-item psychological sub-scale were found to be acceptable, but the eight-item somatic sub-scale was less reliable. Factor analysis of all 24 items identified a first main general factor and a second more purely psychological factor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the validity of the scale held for men and women separately and for different socio-economic groups, by reference to external criteria covering current or recent psychiatric morbidity and service use, and that the psychological sub-scale had no greater validity than the full scale. Conclusions: This study did not support the separate scoring of a somatic sub-scale of the Malaise Inventory. Use of the 15-item psychological sub-scale can be justified on the grounds of reduced time and cost for completion, with little loss of reliability or validity, but this approach would not significantly enhance the properties of the Inventory by comparison with the full 24-item scale. Inclusion of somatic items may be more problematic when the full scale is used to compare particular sub-populations with different propensities for physical morbidity, such as different age groups, and in these circumstances it would be a sensible precaution to utilise the 15-item psychological sub-scale.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050153
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rabies viruses infect primary cultures of murine, feline, and human microglia and astrocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 1011-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary.  Recent studies have reported the detection of rabies viral antigens and virions in astrocytes and microglia of rabies-infected animals. As a first step toward understanding whether these glial cells may be involved in rabies virus replication, persistence, and/or pathogenesis, we explored their potential to be infected in vitro. Primary cultures of murine, feline, and human microglia and astrocytes were infected with several different rabies viruses: two unpassaged street virus isolates, a cell culture-adapted strain, and a mouse brain-passaged strain. Infection, as determined by immunofluorescence, was detected in 15 of the 16 (94%) virus-glial cell combinations. Replication of infectious virus, determined by infectivity assay, was detected in 7 of the 8 (88%) virus-cell combinations. These results show that astrocytes and microglia can be infected by rabies viruses, suggesting that they may have a potential role in disease, perhaps contributing to viral spread, persistence and/or neuronal dysfunction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050136
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of the ultrasonic dissecting scalpel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 1070 -1073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Cholecystectomy — Gallbladder — Harmonic scalpel — Laparoscopy — Ultrasonic dissection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: We evaluated the use of the ultrasonically activated (harmonic) scalpel (HS) in the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: A total of 282 consecutive patients, 64 of whom had acute cholecystitis at the time of surgery, underwent LC using HS dissection. Indications for surgery included chronic pain (180 cases), episodes of acute cholecystitis (89 cases), pancreatitis (five cases), and jaundice (seven cases). Twenty-seven patients had preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Results: The mean operating time was 29 ± 9 mins. Eleven procedures were converted to open surgery, (four due to bleeding, six due to unclear anatomy, and one due to an inflammatory mass caused by gangrene/perforation). Complications occurred in 14 patients. They included minor port site infection (four cases), pulmonary atelectasis (three cases), urinary retention (two cases), intraoperative cathetherization not routinely performed, bile leak (two cases, both from cystic duct; one of the cystic duct leaks occurred because of dislodgement of the occluding clip, the other may have been due to duct injury from the clip), pulmonary embolus (one case), and myocardial infarction (one case). Neither of the latter complications were fatal. One patient required a postoperative transfusion due to a fall in hematocrit of 3.2 gr/dl. Conclusions: LC performed with the HS is feasible and effective. Operating time and blood loss were minimal, and the conversion rate was low (3.9%). There were no bile duct injuries. Use of the HS makes dissection easier, thereby helping to reduce operative time and lower the need for conversion to open surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004640000034
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