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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation of ultrahigh-density perpendicular magnetic recording : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5664-5666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The possibility of ultrahigh-density recording higher than 10 Gb/in.2 with perpendicular magnetic recording is investigated by computer simulation for a ring-type head and single-layer medium combination. A nucleation model is used as a media model because it incorporates a nucleation site, which causes irreversible magnetization switching. Fundamental read–write characteristics are found to be entirely different from those of longitudinal recording. Recorded magnetization strongly depends on head field strength; the maximum magnetization appears around the head field strength of media coercivity, and beyond this the recorded magnetization decreases abruptly. Spacing loss in the recording process also depends on head field strength and recording density. However, saturation recording can be attained even at an ultrahigh recording density of 600 kFCI with a spacing of 30 nm. Also, a higher signal-to-noise ratio than in longitudinal recording can be obtained by introducing weak intergrain exchange interaction with a relatively large grain size in the media film. This suggests that perpendicular magnetic recording is stable in thermal fluctuation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langmuir-Blodgett Films of 3-Alkylpyrroles Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 3153-3160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00008a047
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution properties of ionomers. 2. Simple salt effect (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 22 (1989), S. 754-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00192a040
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the source size of gas-puff z-pinch plasmas using an inductive pulsed power system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4438-4444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small scale inductive pulsed power (IPP) generator with copper wire fuses as an opening switch has been applied to an argon gas-puff z-pinch plasma which can be used as a point source for x-ray lithography. The IPP generator with fuses supplies a driving current of 60 kA in 400 ns to the z-pinch plasma. Without fuses, the generator serves as a conventional fast bank (FB) system which supplies z-pinch current of 60 kA in 4.5 μs. Characteristics of the z-pinch implosions in IPP and FB systems are investigated and compared. The result obtained shows that the intensity of soft x rays emitted from hot spots in both systems is decreased gradually with longer delay time, which is the time difference between energizing a gas-puff actuator and a primary current trigger. Dual axis pinhole imagery shows that the hot spot size is 0.8 mm in diameter in both systems. However, the average radial displacement of hot spots is 0.9 mm in the FB system and it is reduced to 0.4 mm in the IPP system. Optical framing camera images have confirmed that the radial distribution of hot spots is due to kink instability. The framing images also show that the imploding plasma in the FB system which has a pinch size of 2.2 mm in diameter can be further compressed to 1.3 mm. The IPP system can suppress the kink instability of pinch plasma and increases plasma column uniformity along the z axis. This suggests that the IPP system can improve the stability of the pinched plasma so as to minimize the end-on source size for x-ray lithography applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322576
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of grain size, cluster size, and crystallographic orientation upon simulation of longitudinal recording media : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3922-3924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Simulations of hexagonal magnetic particles with uniform exchange energy and random c-axis in-plane orientation do not reproduce real media magnetic properties. Simulation software was thus modified to model four experimentally observed Co-alloy microstructures, to distinguish the effects of grain size, cluster size, exchange decoupling, and cluster substructure; and to more accurately model real media behavior. Results include: (1) Clusters of isolated uniaxial particles act like single grains having the cluster size. Exchange decoupling on a size scale smaller than the crystallographic grain size has little effect upon hysteresis loops or media noise. (2) The magnetic properties of clustered bicrystal and randomly oriented media depend on the exchange interactions within and between clusters of grains. Media hysteresis loops and recorded tracks are well simulated using exchange energies within randomly oriented or bicrystal grain clusters up to ten times larger than those used in the standard model. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365073
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bolometric measurements in JT-60 (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1866-1868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Radiation losses from the main plasma of the JAERI Tokamak-60 (JT-60) were measured by a 15-channel bolometer array and those from divertor chambers in the ion and electron drift sides were each measured by two bolometers. The bolometric detector consisting of three layers (5-μm-thick gold absorber, 7-μm-thick polyimide foil, and 0.1-μm-thick gold resistor grid) was developed for this measurement. In typical diverted discharges with NB heating, the ratios of power radiated from the main and divertor chambers to the absorbed power were approximately 10% and 20%, respectively. Intense poloidal asymmetries of radiated power localized near the X point outside the torus were observed in diverted discharges. The profiles of the radiated power were reconstructed by an Abel inversion with an asymmetric term. On the other hand, a poloidally asymmetric radiation band localized near the inner wall, "marfe,'' was observed for dense plasmas in limiter discharges with neutral beam heating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140090
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    6-GeV synchrotron radiation project : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1719-1721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper outlines the status of a 6-GeV synchrotron radiation designed at RIKEN. This facility consists of a main storage ring, a booster synchrotron, a 1.5-GeV preinjector linac, positron injection linacs, and others. The electronan GeV. The storage ring has a circumference of 1069.2 m and 7-m-long straight sections for insertion devices. The lattice of the main ring is a Chasman–Green-type one and has 36 periodicity. The low emittance (εx=8.2 nm rad) and large dynamic aperture are expected even with field errors and misalignments of magnetic elements. Three years of a preconstruction research and development period and 5 years of construction period are scheduled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140937
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of SiO2/Si interface by low-temperature annealing in wet atmosphere (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2107-2109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A postannealing technique was developed in order to improve the quality of SiO2 films formed by a parallel-plate remote plasma chemical vapor deposition. The wave number of the antisymmetric stretching mode of Si–O–Si bonding in the SiO2 film increased from 1058 to 1069 cm−1 by an annealing in H2O vapor at 270 °C. It was estimated that averaged bonding angle of Si–O–Si was widened from 137.8° to 141.0°. The annealing in the H2O vapor ambient at 270 °C for 30 min efficiently reduced the interface trap density to 2.0×1010 cm−2 eV−1 and the effective oxide charges density from 7×1011 to 5×109 cm−2 for a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) diode using the SiO2 film. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113918
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal Production of and Response to B-Cell Growth Factor and B-Cell Differentiation Factor in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined the production of and the response to B-cell growth factor (BCGF) and B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) in 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 23 normal subjects. T cells, 2.5 × 106/ml, were cultured for 24 or 72 h with 1% phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). After absorption of PHA by chicken erythrocytes (CRBC), they were used for BCGF and BCDF. In inactive SLE, BCGF activity was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Active SLE contained two separate groups, one showing normal BCGF activity and the other showing lower activity than normal. In contrast. BCDF activity from initial culture in active SLE was elevated. The B-cell response both to BCGF and BCDF was elevated in active SLE without Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I antigen (SAC) preactivation. However, the B-cell response to SAC was markedly disturbed. Thus SLE B cells were shifted to the mature state in vivo. We also demonstrated pivotal abnormalities of monocytes in SLE B-cell growth and differentiation. These results may contribute to the understanding of the abormalities of T-B interactions and the overproduction of antibody in SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01413.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of hyperplastic epithelial cells in idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glomerular epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia are listed as the primary criteria for the diagnosis of collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), a distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, the extent of podocyte phenotypic alterations that occur in CG, and the origin of the hyperplastic epithelial cells remain to be established.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsRenal biopsy materials from seven out of three patients with CG were studied by serial section analysis for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Markers for podocytes (PHM5 and synaptopodin), parietal epithelial cells (PECs: cytokeratin) and macrophages (CD68) were used for the immunohistochemistry. Multiple ultrathin sections from a total of 15 glomeruli, including some from patients with CG, were examined by electron microscopy. Glomerular adhesions occurred in 71% of the serially sectioned glomeruli taken from patients with CG. Hyperplastic epithelial cells were immunonegative for podocyte markers and CD68, but invariably immunopositive for cytokeratin. Electron microscopy revealed that detachment of the podocytes from involved glomerular capillary walls was extensive. Many of the detached podocytes appeared to be necrotic and apoptotic. In contrast, junctional complexes of desmosomes and zonula adherens connected hyperplastic epithelial cells to each other. Cilia were also often observed.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThe results of our ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study suggest that the hyperplastic epithelial cells observed in cases of CG are derived from PECs. Our results raise the possibility that PECs play a general role in covering glomerular tufts from which the podocytes have disappeared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1999.00670.x
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