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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: In this article, we describe several novel genetic vaccination strategies designed to facilitate the development of different types of immune responses. These include: the consecutive use of DNA and fowlpoxvirus vectors in “prime-boost” strategies which induce greatly enhanced and sustained levels of both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity, including mucosal responses; ii) the co-expression of genes encoding cytokines and cell-surface receptors, and the use of immunogenic carrier molecules, for immune modulation and/or Improved targeting of vector-expressed vaccine antigens; acid iii) the expression of minimal immunogenic arnino acid sequences, particularly cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell determinants, in “polytope” vector vaccines. The capacity to modulate and enhance specific immune responses by the use of approaches such as these may underpin the development of vaccines against diseases for which no effective strategies are currently available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To study the nature of antigenic recognition, antibodies have been prepared against a set of peptide sequences representing both highly mobile and well-ordered regions of myohaemerythrin, based on X-ray crystallographic temperature factors. Anti-peptide antibodies against highly mobile regions ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chemically synthesized peptides corresponding to two different regions of the VP1 polypeptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) produced high levels of serotype-specific virus neutralizing antibody in cattle, guinea pigs and rabbits. A single inoculation of one of these peptides protected ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: Pseudomonas putida ; poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate) ; microbial polyesters ; poly[3-hydroxy-6(4-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate] ; non-linear optics ; in-vivo biodegradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pseudomonas putida KT 2442 was utilized as biocatalyst to form optoactive poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) from a cosubstrate mixture of octanoate and the achiral polarizable carbon source 6(4-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate, CPH. COSY and heteronuclear multiplet quantum correlation experiments were used to assign 1H and 13C NMR signals of 3-hydroxy-6(4-cyanophenoxy)hexanoate (3HCPH) repeat units. The methine carbon of 3HCPH repeat units was sensitive to repeat unit sequence effects, indicating that a substantial fraction of 3HCPH centered triad sequences in the product contain neighboring 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxhexanoate repeat units. Comparing the thermal properties of 0 and 19.6 mol% 3HCPH samples by differential scanning calorimetry shows that 3HCPH incorporation results in melting at temperatures 〉64°C (not seen for the 0 mol% sample), more rapid crystallization and a new Tg transition at ∼ -21°C. These characteristics indicate that chains and/or chain segments are formed that are enriched in 3HCPH which phaseseparate and form a unique crystal structure. Measurements of second harmonic generation (SHG) intensities carried out using in-situ corona-poled samples showed weak SHG signals that increased by a factor of 8 for an increase in the 3HCPH content from 26 to 34 mol%. Comparatively higher SHG intensities (5 times) were found for PHAs which contained 5.1 mol% 3-hydroxy-6(4-nitrophenoxy)hexanoate (3HNPH) repeat units relative to a PHA with 17 mol% 3HCPH. In-vivo biodegradation studies of microbial polyesters prepared with and without 3HCPH repeat units showed that PHA chains with 3HCPH degraded to lesser extents (weight loss of ∼ 20 and 50% over 72 h incubations). The large increase in polydispersity from 1.9 to 4.3 observed during in-vivo biodegradation of microbial polyesters containing 3HCPH repeat units was attributed to the existence of chains with highly variable contents of 3HCPH repeat units.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 2686-2694 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optical Kerr effect spectroscopy has been employed to study the behavior of six symmetric-top liquids (acetonitrile, acetonitrile-d3, benzene, carbon disulfide, chloroform, and methyl iodide) over a broad range of temperatures. In all of the liquids, an exponential intermolecular response is observed on a time scale of a few hundreds of femtoseconds. Comparison of the temperature dependence of the time scale of this relaxation with the viscosity and single-molecule and collective orientational times in the liquids suggests that the exponential relaxation arises from motional narrowing. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 4237-4245 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A state-specific two-laser technique is used to investigate the collisional removal of O2 molecules in the b 1Σg+(v=1,2) levels, where we directly excite O2 and then probe the populations by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. We find general agreement with earlier 300 K values for v=1 removal by O2, and show that v=2 removal is slower by a factor of 5.6±0.6 than v=1 removal. Only upper limits are obtained for N2 as a collider. For removal of v=1 in the atmosphere, N2 is unimportant compared to O2, but it might be competitive for v=2. For CO2 as a collider, addressing O2(b 1Σg+) removal in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus, the removal rate coefficients of the vibrationally-excited levels are similar to that for v=0. The significance of the large difference in the v=1 and v=2 rate coefficients for O2 collisions will be discussed as it relates to the modeling of recent earth nightglow observations. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 4739-4755 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We explore and discuss several important issues concerning the derivation of many-body force fields from ab initio quantum chemical data. In particular, we seek a general methodology for constructing ab initio force fields that are "chemically accurate" and are computationally efficient for large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate two approaches for modeling many-body interactions in extended molecular systems. The interactions are adjusted to reproduce the many-body energy in small molecular clusters. Subsequently, the potential parameters affecting only pair interactions are then varied to reproduce the ab initio binding energy of dimers. This simple procedure is demonstrated in the design of a new polarizable force field of water. In particular, this new model incorporates the usual many-body interactions due to electrostatic polarization and a type of nonelectrostatic many-body interactions exhibited in bifurcated hydrogen-bonded systems. The static and dynamical properties predicted by the new ab initio water potential are in good agreement with the successful empirical fluctuating-charge potential of Rick et al. and with experiment. The aforementioned "cluster" approach is compared with an alternative method, which regards many-body interactions as manifestations of the electrostatic polarization properties of individual molecules. The effort required to build ab initio databases for force field parametrization is substantially reduced in this alternative method since only the monomer properties are of interest. We found intriguing differences between these two approaches. Finally our results point to the importance of discriminating ab initio data for force field parametrization. This is essentially a consequence of the simple functional forms employed to model molecular interactions, and is inevitable for large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 2257-2266 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrationally excited levels of the a 4Π state, the lowest electronically excited state of the NO molecule, can be studied through their collisional energy transfer to the radiating B 2Π state. Following one-photon excitation in the 11–0 band of the forbidden a 4Π–X 2Π transition with the output of a tunable dye laser, we monitor the temporal evolution of the emission from the v=2 level of the B 2Π state. From pressure-dependence analysis, we determine the removal rate coefficients for a 4Π(v=11) with NO, O2, N2O, N2, CO2, He, and Ar. In addition, using direct B 2Π excitation of the v=2, 3, 4 levels, we obtain removal rate coefficients for the same colliders. These vibrational levels span the region around a 4Π(v=11). In general, a 4Π removal is quite fast, ranging from rate coefficients of 1.0×10−12 cm3 s−1 to more than 1.0×10−10 cm3 s−1, and is substantially faster than B 2Π removal for N2, N2O, CO2, and Ar. NO(B 2Π, v=3) removal is generally much faster than that for the v=2 and v=4 levels, because of a localized perturbation between the v=12 level of the a 4Π state and v=3 of the B 2Π state. Preliminary measurements on transfer between the b 4Σ− and B 2Π states are reported. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 2249-2256 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Improved spectroscopic measurements have been made on the NO(a 4Πi–X 2Πr) 11–0 band, and new measurements on the 14–0 band, bringing the explored region of the a 4Π state to within 0.3 eV of the NO dissociation limit. Doubling and mixing of dye laser radiation is used to access the 200–210 nm region with an ultraviolet linewidth of 0.15 cm−1. The a 4Π molecules collisionally convert their energy to the B 2Π state, from which radiation is detected. Almost 300 lines have been observed in each of the two bands, and accurate spectroscopic constants are presented. New information is provided on the relative positioning of perturbed levels in the a 4Π and B 2Π states. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 6901-6915 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A treatment of stimulated Raman intermolecular spectroscopy is presented that employs a Landau–Teller model of damping. This model incorporates a quantum-number dependence to population relaxation and pure dephasing, thereby introducing a specific temperature and frequency dependence into the damping in the intermolecular spectrum. Optical-heterodyne detected Raman-induced Kerr effect data obtained in CS2 and acetonitrile over a broad temperature range are shown to agree with the basic predictions of the model. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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