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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine) and related peptides and immunochemical confirmation of amino acid residue in position 24 of PHI with use of the synthetic peptides (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 7909-7916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by NS-398 in endotoxin shock rats in vivo (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Cyclooxygenase-1 — Cyclooxygenase-2 — NSAIDs — Selective inhibition — NS-398
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: The role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was examined using a rat endotoxin shock model and the potency and selectivity of NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor in vitro, for COX-2 activity was examined in vivo.¶Material: Male Wistar rats (weighing 140–180 g) were used.¶Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to rats (LPS-treated rats) and expression of COX-1 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in the aorta and peripheral blood leukocytes was examined by RT-PCR. COX activity was assessed by measuring the plasma 6-keto prostaglandin (PG) F1 α, PGE2 and thromboxane (TX) B2 30 s after administration of arachidonic acid (AA, 3 mg/kg, i.v.). NS-398 (0.3–100 mg/kg, p.o.) or indomethacin (0.3–3 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 1 h before the AA injection.¶Results: COX-2 mRNA was detectable in the aorta and peripheral blood leukocytes at least from 3 to 9 h after the LPS injection but not in non-LPS-treated rats. Plasma 6-keto PGF1 α, PGE2 and TXB2 levels after AA injection into LPS-treated rats were significantly enhanced compared to findings in non-LPS-treated rats. NS-398 showed significant inhibition of the increase in PGs in LPS-treated rats, the ED50 values being 0.35 mg/kg for 6-keto PGF1 α, 1.5 mg/kg for PGE2 and 〈 0.3 mg/kg for TXB2. NS-398 even at 100 mg/kg did not significantly suppress the increased PGs levels in non-LPS-treated rats. In contrast, indomethacin significantly inhibited plasma PGs levels after AA injection into LPS-treated rats and non-LPS-treated rats. The ED50 values in LPS-treated rats, determined by 6-keto PGF1 α, PGE2 and TXB2 production, were 1.0, 1.3 and 2.3 mg/kg and those in non-LPS-treated rats were 0.42, 0.24 and 0.93 mg/kg, respectively.¶Conclusions: In a rat endotoxin shock model, expression of COX-2 plays a role in an increase in COX activity. NS-398 showed preferential inhibitory effects on COX-2 activity in vivo. This approach is useful to directly analyze the inhibitory activity of NSAIDs for COX-1 and COX-2 in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of a group of mouse pancreatic islet beta-cell-related genes by random cDNA sequencing (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Random cDNA sequencing ; MIN6 ; pancreatic islet beta cell.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To understand the molecular basis of glucose concentration-responsive insulin synthesis and secretion from pancreatic islet beta cells, a group of pancreatic islet beta-cell-related cDNAs was cloned. A pair of cDNA libraries was constructed from a mouse pancreatic islet beta-cell line of MIN6, which was cultured in either high glucose or low glucose media. By applying a random cDNA sequencing approach, 503 and 395 independent species were obtained from a total of 1,011 and 762 clones in the high glucose and low glucose library, respectively. The unknown genes comprised the majority of about 70 % independent clones in both libraries. In Northern blot analysis, 311 (69.4 %) of 448 independent clones showed positive signals within 72 h of autoradiographic exposure. Surprisingly, 150 (48.2 %) out of 311 positive clones showed positive signals to MIN6 cells, but not to NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. The expression level of three unknown clones were glucose-concentration dependent. Combination of a random cDNA sequencing approach and Northern blot analysis is useful to obtain a large number of novel genes and islet beta-cell-related genes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 381–386]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410274
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GGAAAT motifs play a major role in transcriptional activity of the human insulin gene in a pancreatic islet beta-cell line MIN6 (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1462-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin gene ; GG motif ; transcription ; pancreatic islet ; MIN6.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The insulin gene is specifically expressed in pancreatic islet beta cells. Various cis-acting DNA elements in the 5 ′-flanking region of the human insulin gene were examined for their contribution to the transcriptional activity using sensitive human growth hormone (hGH) reporter plasmids. The hGH constructs, having successively deleted human insulin promoter sequences, were transfected to a pancreatic islet beta-cell line MIN6. The deletion of two GGAAAT (GG) motifs, GG2 at –145 to –140 bp and GG1 at –134 to –129 bp, decreased the transcriptional activity to 6.5 % of that of the promoter sequence from –156 to + 1 bp. The selective mutations in both GG motifs also decreased the transcriptional activity to 5.5 %. One-base mutations of GG2 and GG1 decreased the transcriptional activity to 82 and 11 %, respectively. The two-base mutations between GG2 and GG1 affected the transcriptional activity more strongly than those just outside the GG motifs. A single set of GG motifs in the upstream of thymidine kinase promoter increased the transcriptional activity to 216 % compared to that of thymidine kinase promoter alone in MIN6 cells. With an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), a nuclear factor in MIN6 cells was shown to bind the DNA fragments containing two GG motifs. This factor did not bind to another GGAAAT-like sequence at –313 to –305 bp in the human insulin gene. These results suggested that the GG motifs contributed to the cell-specific transcription of the human insulin gene in association with the binding of the sequence-specific nuclear factor. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1462–1468]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of a group of mouse pancreatic islet beta-cell-related genes by random cDNA sequencing (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Random cDNA sequencing ; MIN6 ; pancreatic islet beta cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To understand the molecular basis of glucose concentration-responsive insulin synthesis and secretion from pancreatic islet beta cells, a group of pancreatic islet beta-cell-related cDNAs was cloned. A pair of cDNA libraries was constructed from a mouse pancreatic islet beta-cell line of MIN6, which was cultured in either high glucose or low glucose media. By applying a random cDNA sequencing approach, 503 and 395 independent species were obtained from a total of 1,011 and 762 clones in the high glucose and low glucose library, respectively. The unknown genes comprised the majority of about 70% independent clones in both libraries. In Northern blot analysis, 311 (69.4%) of 448 independent clones showed positive signals within 72 h of autoradiographic exposure. Surprisingly, 150 (48.2%) out of 311 positive clones showed positive signals to MIN6 cells, but not to NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. The expression level of three unknown clones were glucose-concentration dependent. Combination of a random cDNA sequencing approach and Northern blot analysis is useful to obtain a large number of novel genes and islet beta-cell-related genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410274
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An autopsy case of acute porphyria with a decrease of both uroporphyrinogen I synthetase and ferrochelatase activities (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 6-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acute porphyria ; Porphyric neuropathy ; Axonal degeneration ; Uroporhyrinogen I synthetase ; Ferrochelatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An autopsy case of a 37-year-old woman with acute porphyria is reported. The patient began to complain of severe menstrual pains, and later developed serious peripheral neuropathy and various autonomic nervous symptoms. The autopsy revealed a marked loss and degeneration of axons and myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and prominent central chromatolysis of the spinal anterior horn cells. The predominant process of the peripheral neuropathy appeared to be axonal degeneration. Biochemical analysis showed a marked increase of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen, uroporphyrin, and coproporphyrin in the urine, and an increase of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin in the stools and blood. In the analysis of the enzymatic activities of the liver and bone narrow, the activity of ALA synthetase (ALA-S) was markedly increased, and the activities of both uroporphyrinogen I synthetase (URO-S) and ferrochelatase were decreased. It was characteristic in this case that the enzymatic abnormalities found in both acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and variegate porphyria (VP) coexisted. Biochemical analysis of the sciatic nerve showed an increase of ALA-S activity and a decrease of both URO-S and ALA dehydrase activities. This was the first report that indicated the presence of abnormal activities of the heme biosynthetic enzymes in the peripheral nerves of porphyric patients. The possibility was discussed that these enzymatic abnormalities of the heme biosynthesis in the peripheral nerve itself might be strongly related to the pathogenesis of the porphyric neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695599
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of intracytoplasmic acidophilic granule-containing neurons in the human brain (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intracytoplasmic acidophilic granules ; Distribution ; Lewy bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using four autopsied brains, we studied the anatomic locations of the intracytoplasmic acidophilic granule (IAG)-containing neurons. These neurons occurred in the hypothalamus, zona incerta, insular cortex, and the other 23 nuclei. However, IAGs were not observed in neurons of the Ammon's horn, thalamus, dentale nucleus, or in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The distribution of IAG-containing neurons does not exactly correspond to that of the neuromelanin- or monoamine-forming neurons. There is, however, a striking parallelism between the IAG-containing neurons map and the Lewy bodies map. It is suggested by the superimposition of both maps that IAG-containing neurons may have a certain metabolic relation to the formation of Lewy bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685360
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light- and electron-microscopic studies of intracytoplasmic acidophilic granules in the human locus ceruleus and substantia nigra (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intracytoplasmic acidophilic granules ; Melanin-bearing neurons ; Round electron-dense body ; Mitochondrial inclusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the brains of 30 patients with mental and neurologic disorders, we studied the intracytoplasmic acidophilic granules in neurons of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus by light and electron microscopy. The granules were present in all 30 brains, including those with no recognizable pathologic change, there was no correlation between their appearance and the age, sex, disease of, or the medication received by, the patients. In four electron-microscopically examined brains, we noted many small, round electron-dense bodies in the perikarya and neuronal processes of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. The bodies were packed tightly within a double membrane; in shape, size, and distribution in the neuronal cytoplasm, they corresponded to acidophilic granules. Some mitochondrial matrices contained one or more similar, but smaller inclusion bodies; larger bodies pushed aside the mitochondrial cristae. We conclude that the acidophilic granules represent highly developed forms of mitochondrial inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691186
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early cerebellar involvement on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images in herpes simplex encephalitis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 736-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050444
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latency of saccades during smooth-pursuit eye movement in man Directional asymmetries (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 121 (1998), S. 92-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Saccade ; Latency ; Fixation ; Smooth pursuit ; Gap ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To examine the effects of smooth-pursuit eye movements on the initiation of saccades, their latency was measured when subjects initially fixated or pursued a target. In half of the block of trials, the fixation or pursuit target was extinguished 200 ms before the saccade target was illuminated (gap trials). Reduction of the mean saccade latency in the gap trials (the “gap effect”) was evident even when the subjects were pursuing a moving target, consistent with previous observations. The effect of pursuit direction on saccade latency was also examined. Saccades in the same direction as the preceding pursuit (forward saccades) had shorter latencies than those in the opposite direction (backward saccades). This asymmetry was observed in both the gap and nongap trials. Although the forward-backward asymmetry was much smaller than the “gap effect”, it was statistically significant in six of eight cases. These results suggest that the preparation of saccades is affected by smooth-pursuit eye movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050440
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