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  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: In most cell types the major pathway of sphingomyelin synthesis is the direct transfer of the phosphocholine head group from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide catalyzed by the enzyme l-acylsphingosine:phosphatidylcholine phosphocholinetransferase (SM synthase; EC 2.7.8.-). Although this pathway has been demonstrated in brain tissue, its quantitative importance has been questioned. An alternative biosynthetic pathway for sphingomyelin synthesis in brain tissue has been proposed, viz., the direct transfer of phosphoethanolamine from phosphatidylethanolamine to ceramide, followed by methylation of the ethanolamine moiety to a choline group. We have evaluated various possible biosynthetic pathways of sphingomyelin synthesis in rat spinal cord oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, by labeling cells in culture with radiolabeled choline, ethanolamine, or serine. Our results indicate that, in oligodendrocytes, most of the phosphocholine for the biosynthesis of sphingomyelin is provided by phosphatidylcholine, which is predominantly derived from de novo synthesis. No evidence was found for the operation of the alternative pathway via ceramide-phosphoethanolamine. Furthermore, our results indicate that a small pool of phosphatidylcholine is provided by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine, which in turn is formed preferentially by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 58 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved throughout evolution and evoke great interest both in basic biology and in medicine. They are expressed in small quantities under normal conditions, and their expression can be strongly induced by several stressors. Although their action is basically intracellular, it is now obvious that these proteins can be released into the extracellular environment from viable cells. In this study, the human Hsp 70 serum concentrations were determined using an optimized, cost-effective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The average intra-assay variation was 6%, whereas the average interassay variation was 9%. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 ng/ml, and spiking experiments showed recoveries between 101 and 109%. As an application of the technique, we have investigated the serum levels of human Hsp 70 in patients with infection and in healthy subjects. Our data show significantly higher levels of Hsp 70 (P  = 0.003) in patients compared to control subjects. Positive correlations were noticed between the serum levels of Hsp 70 and various markers of inflammation (IL-6; r = 0.579, P = 0.009, TNF-α; r  = 0.552, P  = 0.012, IL-10; r  = 0.361, P = 0.002). We conclude that Hsp 70 is involved in inflammation of infectious origin. The interindividual variation in the serum concentration of Hsp 70 precludes the use of serum Hsp 70 levels to distinguish patients from healthy subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The objective of the study was to evaluate the grazing behaviour by sheep in hill country paddocks in New Zealand which had received two long-term fertilization and stocking rate treatments [high fertility–high stocking rate (HH); low fertility–low stocking rate (LL)]. Herbage accumulation and selective grazing were evaluated within low slope (LS), medium slope (MS) and high slope (HS) categories. Transects lines were placed and tillers of Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne in the LS category; A. capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum and L. perenne in the MS category; and A. capillaris and A. odoratum in the HS category were marked. The leaf length of each marked tiller was measured and used to determine selective grazing over 3 weeks during each season. The highest herbage accumulation rates were during spring and the lowest in summer and winter. The LS category showed the highest herbage accumulation rates and HS the lowest. Except for autumn, the marked tillers were more frequently grazed in the HH than in the LL paddock. During summer, autumn and spring, grazing frequency in the slope categories was in the order LS 〉 MS 〉 HS. During winter sheep did not discriminate between slope category. During summer, autumn and spring, sheep did not selectively graze the species studied but this was not the case during winter. Overall, sheep selectively grazed L. perenne. In all the seasons L. perenne consistently had the longest leaves but within species there was no consistent relationship between leaf length and probability of being grazed. Selective grazing changed through the year according to herbage accumulation rate. Sheep concentrated grazing in the category LS when herbage accumulation rate was high, but they did not discriminate between slope categories in winter when herbage accumulation rate was low.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 423-430 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: From the study of X-ray diffuse scattering diagrams, it has been shown that the diffuse scattering located along three equivalent reciprocal rods (100) in the cubic phase disappears successively at 641, 575 and 520°C. The interpretation is given in terms of planar local order.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 244-254 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Many crystals produce a diffuse scattering of X-rays which is localized in a series of relplanes. It is shown that the corresponding linear disorder in the crystal may have various origins. In silicon, the scattering is due to thermal vibrations and is well explained by the elastic properties of the crystal. In neutron irradiated quartz the radiation damage is responsible for the major part of the scattering. The case of BaTiO3 and KNbO3 is discussed in detail. A linear disorder is proposed which accounts better for the different distributions of the scattering in the 4 allotropic phases than the alternative explanation of the soft mode. In spite of some neutron inelastic scattering results it is not yet possible to distinguish between static and dynamic disorder.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 27 (1971), S. 414-420 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A qualitative description of the X-ray diffuse scattering from NaNbO3 single crystals as a function of temperature up to 800°C is given. Two types of distinct diffuse scattering where observed in {100} reciprocal planes and on (100) reciprocal axes. While the diffuse scattering in reciprocal planes shows no critical behaviour at the different phase transitions and can be attributed to a `linear disorder' similar to that suggested earlier for KNbO3, the diffuse scattering on reciprocal axes is critical in the vicinity of the 641°C phase transition. The atomic displacements involved with the linear disorder that persists up to 800°C are attributed to the niobium atoms; the critical planar disorder in the cubic phase is attributed to rotations of oxygen octahedra similar to those suggested for SrTiO3 and KMnF3. Both types of disorder exist in the cubic paraelectric phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 55-60 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray diffuse scattering from V0.90Nb0.10O2 shows that the metal-to-insulator phase transition which occurs around - 25°C without an overall structural change can be explained by local pairing of the vanadium atoms. This local order, which recalls the low-temperature insulating structure of pure VO2, is two dimensional and occurs in the (110) planes of the average rutile structure with little correlation between successive parallel (110) atomic planes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 33 (1977), S. 1710-1716 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of ecclesiastical history 47 (1996), S. 714-714 
    ISSN: 0022-0469
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Geschichte , Theologie und Religionswissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 585-592 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Fluorescence ; Hydrodynamic ; Micelle ; Surfactant ; Viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Verbindung N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-(4-(t-butylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-N-hexadecylammoniumchlorid (BDHC), eine oberflächenaktive Substanz mit zwei unterschiedlichen Seitenketten, wurde mittels einer Kombination von fluorimetrischen und viskosimetrischen Methoden charakterisiert. Anregung bei 274 nm ruft eine Fluoreszenz bei 315 nm hervor; diese Eigenschaft wurde zur Bestimmung der kritischen Micellenkonzentration (CMC) herangezogen. Es wurde ein geringfügig temperaturabhängiger Wert von 3.98×10−5 M gefunden (T min=25.35°C). Quenchexperimente mit 4-Nitroanilin ergaben eine Aggregationszahl von 42.0, viskosimetrische Untersuchungen einen hydrodynamischen Radius von 21.91 Å. Die erhaltenen Daten erlauben zusammen mit den Beziehungen nachTanford undEinstein-Stokes die Bestimmung der Micellenstruktur (sphärisch) und des Diffusionskoeffizienten (0.97×10−6 cm2/s). Das ΔG der Micellenbildung fürBDHC beträgt −34.9 kJ/mol.
    Notizen: Summary A combination of fluorimetric and viscosimetric methods was used to characterize N,N-dimethyl-N-2-(4-(t-butylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-N-hexadecylammonium chloride (BDHC), a doubletailed surfactant with dissimilar tail groups.BDHC was observed to fluoresce at 315 nm when excited at 274 nm, a feature which could be utilized to determine its critical micelle concentration (CMC). A value of 3.98×10−5 M was obtained and was observed to be slightly temperature dependent with aT min of 25.35°C. Fluorescence quenching experiments using 4-nitroaniline as a quencher were performed in order to determine the aggregation number which was found to be 42.0. The hydrodynamic radius of 21.91 Å was obtained using data from viscosimetric experiments. These data, together with theTanford andEinstein-Stokes relationships, were used to determine the micellar structure (spherical) and the diffusion coefficient (D=0.97×10−6 cm2/s), respectively. The ΔG of micellization forBDHC was determined to be −34.9 kJ/mol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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