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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of cyclosporin A and glucocorticosteroids on antigen-induced hypersensitivity to histamine in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Hypersensitivity — Allergic rhinitis — Guinea pig — Cyclosporin A — Glucocorticosteroid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Objective and Design: In an attempt to study the pathogenesis of mucosal hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis, we investigated the suppressive effects of cyclosporin A (CyA) and glucocorticosteroids on ovalbumin (OA)-induced hypersensitivity to topical histamine challenge.¶Materials: Actively sensitized Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.¶Treatment: OA and alum were applied to guinea pigs intraperitoneally 3 times at two-week intervals. After general sensitization, OA inhalation was performed every day for 6 days as topical sensitization. Before inhalation, treatment with CyA (50 mg/kg, p.o.), glucocorticosteroids (beclomethasone propionate (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), fluticasone propionate (FP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.)) or vehicle were performed, and the sensitivity to histamine was measured before and after the inhalation. Moreover, in actively (general and topical) sensitized guinea pigs, FP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was applied every day for 5 days and histamine sensitivity was evaluated before and after the application.¶Results: We found that histamine sensitivity was significantly increased by nasal antigen challenge in this guinea pig model, and that the occurrence of histamine hypersensitivity was inhibited by the pretreatment with CyA and glucocorticosteroids. Although multiple administration of FP gradually reduced the histamine hypersensitivity according to the period of administration, it did not significantly alter the histamine hypersensitivity after the occurrence of hypersensitivity.¶Conclusion: It is concluded that CyA and glucocorticosteroids suppress antigen-induced histamine hypersensitivity in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050274
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of NK1 receptor antagonists (FK224 and FK888) on agonist- and antigen-induced nasal microvascular leakage in guinea pigs (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 28-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Guinea pig — NK1 receptor antagonist — Substance P — Plasma exudation — Nasal allergy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract.   Objective: To study the inhibitory effects of two NK1 receptor antagonists on substance P (SP) and antigen-induced increase of nasal vascular permeability in ovalbumen (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs. ¶Material: Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. ¶Treatment: SP (100 〈mu〉;mol/l), FK224 (1–10 〈mu〉 mol/kg) and FK888 (0.2– 2 〈mu〉mol/kg). ¶Methods: The in vivo model of nasal microvascular leakage was used for nasal allergic challenge in ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs, or nasal stimulation with substance P (SP) in non-sensitized animals. Nasal microvascular leakage was measured by the accumulation of Evans Blue dye after intravenous injection. ¶Results: Following nasal stimulation with SP 100 〈mu〉M, the concentration of dye in the nasal lavage fluid rapidly increased. NK1 receptor antagonists FK224 (10 〈mu〉mol/kg i.v.) and FK888 (2 〈mu〉mol/kg i.v.) inhibited SP-induced microvascular leakage. In OA-sensitized guinea pigs, exudation of dye into nasal lavage fluid was observed soon after topical antigenic stimulation and continued for over 60 min. Both NK1 receptor antagonists inhibited the immediate phase of the antigen-induced microvascular leakage. ¶Conclusions: We conclude that the immediate change of vascular permeability during the nasal allergic response is mediated by activation of the NK1 receptor in the guinea-pig.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050037
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078 (pranlukast), on total airway resistance after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Leukotriene — Allergic rhinitis — Guinea pig models — Total airway resistance — Nasal symptoms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Objective and Design: To define the role of leukotriene (LT) in allergic rhinitis, we examined the effects of a cysteinyl (Cys) LT antagonist (ONO-1078, pranlukast).¶Material: Actively sensitized Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.¶Treatment: ONO-1078 (pranlukast), 3–100 mg/kg p.o. l h before antigen challenge.¶Methods: Nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal scratches), changes of total airway resistance (TAR by plethysmography) and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa were determined following topical antigen (OA) challenge. Dunnet's test (TAR and symptoms) and the Mann-Whitney U-test (eosinophils) were applied.¶Results: Control animals showed bi-phasic nasal responses, peaking 10 min and 240 min after the topical antigen challenge, respectively. While the early-phase response was characterized by nasal symptoms of sneezing and scratching accompanied by the increase in TAR, the late-phase was characterized by an increase in TAR accompanied by eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosa. The nasal symptoms (sneezing and scratching) were not inhibited by pretreatment with ONO-1078 at doses up to 100 mg/kg (p.o., n = 15). Although early peak responses of TAR were not affected with even the highest dose (30 mg/kg, p.o., n = 6), late-phase TAR peak response (control: 174.8 ± 8.2%, n = 6) were significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg (142.7 ± 15.8%; p 〈 0.05, n = 6) and 30 mg/kg (118.0 ± 6.6%; p 〈 0.01, n = 6) of ONO-1078 (p.o.). In addition, the eosinophil infiltration induced by the antigen was not inhibited by ONO-1078 (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., n = 6).¶Conclusions: Our results suggest that Cys LT may play an important role in the late-phase increase in TAR in the guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050538
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of hydrostatic pressure on CdxHg1−xTe alloys (1973)
    Springer
    Applied physics 2 (1973), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): Pressure effects ; CdxHg1−xTe-phase transition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The hydrostatic pressure effects on CdxHg1−xTe alloys have been investigated. In the relatively low pressure region, we find an anomaly in each Hall coefficient vs. pressure curve for the alloys (x〈0.09), which is attributed to the inversion of the Γ8/Γ6 energy bands. In the relatively high pressure region, the electrical resistivities of the alloy crystals (x〉0.09) show changes of three stages with increase of pressure. The crystal structures corresponding to the three stages are studied by an X-ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the crystal structure of the alloys exhibits transitions from the zinc-blende to the rock salt type and at last to the hexagonal cinnabar type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00883977
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation Between Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Patients with Osteoporosis (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 229 -232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Vitamin D receptor — RFLP — Bone mineral density — Osteoporosis — Osteoarthrosis.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we investigated the correlation between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes defined by BsmI restriction enzyme, as well as other related factors, and the bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine in 90 Japanese patients with osteoporosis. The same study was performed in 36 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip joint and 92 healthy volunteers. The majority of the VDR genotypes were bb, and a few of the population showed either the BB or Bb genotype in all three groups. There was no statistical difference in the frequencies of these VDR genotypes in the three groups. The mean age-matched value of BMD (Z scores) at the lumbar spine in patients with osteoporosis was significantly lower than that in patients with osteoarthrosis or healthy volunteers. The mean Z scores of the healthy volunteers with bb genotype were significantly higher than those with BB genotype, whereas those of the osteoporosis patients with BB genotype were significantly higher than those with Bb genotype. There was no significant difference in the mean Z scores between bb and Bb genotypes in patients with osteoporosis and healthy volunteers. No significant difference was seen in the mean Z scores in patients with osteoarthrosis regardless of genotype. On the other hand, body weight significantly correlated with BMD in patients with osteoporosis by simple- and multiple-regression analysis. These results indicate that the BMD at the lumbar spine in Japanese patients with osteoporosis is affected by body weight, and might be affected partially by the VDR genotypes defined by BsmI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900219
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX in Escherichia coli is mediated by the aerobic coproporphyrinogen oxidase (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 1012-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Porphyrin biosynthesis ; Protoporphyrinogen oxidase ; Coproporphyrinogen oxidase ; Overexpression ; Enzymatic conversion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the penultimate enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway for heme, catalyzes the removal of six electrons from protoporphyrinogen IX to generate protoporphyrin IX. In Escherichia coli, this enzyme is encoded by the hemG gene. In this study we examined possible alternate pathways for the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX, by isolating and investigating E. coli mutants that can still grow normally when the hemG gene is disrupted. One of these mutants was characterized in detail and had a mutation in the promoter region of the hemF gene, which encodes aerobic coproporphyrinogen oxidase, the enzyme involved in the step immediately before protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Measurement of the promoter activity of the hemF gene showed that the level of transcription was elevated by the mutation. Overexpression of a wild-type hemF gene cloned in a multicopy plasmid also restored the growth of ΔhemG strain. Extracts from cells that overexpress hemF exhibited an increased ability to oxidize protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. These findings suggest that the E. coli aerobic coproporphyrinogen oxidase has an intrinsic capacity to oxidize not only coproporphyrinogen III but also protoporphyrinogen IX.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051050
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