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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078 (pranlukast), on total airway resistance after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Leukotriene — Allergic rhinitis — Guinea pig models — Total airway resistance — Nasal symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To define the role of leukotriene (LT) in allergic rhinitis, we examined the effects of a cysteinyl (Cys) LT antagonist (ONO-1078, pranlukast).¶Material: Actively sensitized Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.¶Treatment: ONO-1078 (pranlukast), 3–100 mg/kg p.o. l h before antigen challenge.¶Methods: Nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal scratches), changes of total airway resistance (TAR by plethysmography) and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa were determined following topical antigen (OA) challenge. Dunnet's test (TAR and symptoms) and the Mann-Whitney U-test (eosinophils) were applied.¶Results: Control animals showed bi-phasic nasal responses, peaking 10 min and 240 min after the topical antigen challenge, respectively. While the early-phase response was characterized by nasal symptoms of sneezing and scratching accompanied by the increase in TAR, the late-phase was characterized by an increase in TAR accompanied by eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosa. The nasal symptoms (sneezing and scratching) were not inhibited by pretreatment with ONO-1078 at doses up to 100 mg/kg (p.o., n = 15). Although early peak responses of TAR were not affected with even the highest dose (30 mg/kg, p.o., n = 6), late-phase TAR peak response (control: 174.8 ± 8.2%, n = 6) were significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg (142.7 ± 15.8%; p 〈 0.05, n = 6) and 30 mg/kg (118.0 ± 6.6%; p 〈 0.01, n = 6) of ONO-1078 (p.o.). In addition, the eosinophil infiltration induced by the antigen was not inhibited by ONO-1078 (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., n = 6).¶Conclusions: Our results suggest that Cys LT may play an important role in the late-phase increase in TAR in the guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050538
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of NK1 receptor antagonists (FK224 and FK888) on agonist- and antigen-induced nasal microvascular leakage in guinea pigs (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 28-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Guinea pig — NK1 receptor antagonist — Substance P — Plasma exudation — Nasal allergy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.   Objective: To study the inhibitory effects of two NK1 receptor antagonists on substance P (SP) and antigen-induced increase of nasal vascular permeability in ovalbumen (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs. ¶Material: Male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. ¶Treatment: SP (100 〈mu〉;mol/l), FK224 (1–10 〈mu〉 mol/kg) and FK888 (0.2– 2 〈mu〉mol/kg). ¶Methods: The in vivo model of nasal microvascular leakage was used for nasal allergic challenge in ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs, or nasal stimulation with substance P (SP) in non-sensitized animals. Nasal microvascular leakage was measured by the accumulation of Evans Blue dye after intravenous injection. ¶Results: Following nasal stimulation with SP 100 〈mu〉M, the concentration of dye in the nasal lavage fluid rapidly increased. NK1 receptor antagonists FK224 (10 〈mu〉mol/kg i.v.) and FK888 (2 〈mu〉mol/kg i.v.) inhibited SP-induced microvascular leakage. In OA-sensitized guinea pigs, exudation of dye into nasal lavage fluid was observed soon after topical antigenic stimulation and continued for over 60 min. Both NK1 receptor antagonists inhibited the immediate phase of the antigen-induced microvascular leakage. ¶Conclusions: We conclude that the immediate change of vascular permeability during the nasal allergic response is mediated by activation of the NK1 receptor in the guinea-pig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050037
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cyclosporin A and glucocorticosteroids on antigen-induced hypersensitivity to histamine in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Hypersensitivity — Allergic rhinitis — Guinea pig — Cyclosporin A — Glucocorticosteroid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: In an attempt to study the pathogenesis of mucosal hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis, we investigated the suppressive effects of cyclosporin A (CyA) and glucocorticosteroids on ovalbumin (OA)-induced hypersensitivity to topical histamine challenge.¶Materials: Actively sensitized Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.¶Treatment: OA and alum were applied to guinea pigs intraperitoneally 3 times at two-week intervals. After general sensitization, OA inhalation was performed every day for 6 days as topical sensitization. Before inhalation, treatment with CyA (50 mg/kg, p.o.), glucocorticosteroids (beclomethasone propionate (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), fluticasone propionate (FP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.)) or vehicle were performed, and the sensitivity to histamine was measured before and after the inhalation. Moreover, in actively (general and topical) sensitized guinea pigs, FP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was applied every day for 5 days and histamine sensitivity was evaluated before and after the application.¶Results: We found that histamine sensitivity was significantly increased by nasal antigen challenge in this guinea pig model, and that the occurrence of histamine hypersensitivity was inhibited by the pretreatment with CyA and glucocorticosteroids. Although multiple administration of FP gradually reduced the histamine hypersensitivity according to the period of administration, it did not significantly alter the histamine hypersensitivity after the occurrence of hypersensitivity.¶Conclusion: It is concluded that CyA and glucocorticosteroids suppress antigen-induced histamine hypersensitivity in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050274
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    21 Epstein-Barr virus infection and oncogenesis: B-cell diseases, T-cell malignancies, and risk factors
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 39 (1989), S. 15-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-4608(89)90218-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tonsillectomy-induced changes in anti-keratin antibodies in patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris: a clinical correlation (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Anti-keratin antibody ; Palatine tonsil ; Tonsillar focal infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Titers of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) involving IgG and IgM fractions were determined by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and were found to be significantly higher on average in patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) than in normal controls. Positive rates of IgG-AKA and IgM-AKA in sera of PPP patients were 50% and 66%, respectively. Following tonsillectomies, patients with high IgM-AKA titers that decreased after surgery were found to benefit by a marked improvement in their skin lesions. There was a close relationship between the degree of this improvement in the skin lesions and the changes in IgM-AKA titers after the operation. These results suggest that PPP may be a tonsil-related immunological skin disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00457465
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of saccular ablation on vertical optokinetic after-nystagmus in squirrel monkeys (1990)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 247 (1990), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Saccule ; Vertical optokinetic after-nystagmus ; Squirrel monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of bilateral saccular ablation on the asymmetry of vertical optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was studied in squirrel monkeys. No significant changes occurred in the initial slow-phase eye velocity (SPEV) or the time constant of the upward or downward OKAN first phase (OKAN-I) under various stimulus conditions. However, with a protracted downward stimulus, the maximum SPEV and the number of beats of the slow-phase-up OKAN second phase (OKAN-II) significantly increased. This increase should be the result from enhancement of the downward optokinetic input. In contrast, there was only minimal change in the slow-phase-down OKAN-II. Thus, the asymmetrical dominance of the vertical OKAN (dominance upward) remained the same after saccular deafferentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176535
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nasal responsiveness to methacholine stimulation in allergic rhinitis patients (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 239 (1984), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal methacholine responsiveness ; Nasal secretion ; Allergic rhinitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the nasal responsiveness to topical methacholine application in allergic rhinitis and non-allergic chronic rhinitis patients, and in control subjects. Methacholine responsiveness was significantly higher in allergic rhinitis patients than in non-allergic patients and control subjects. In perennial rhinitis, methacholine responsiveness correlated with the severity of daily nasal symptoms and those provoked by specific allergen challenge tests. Among nasal symptoms, hyper-rhinorrhoea was found to be closely related to methacholine responsiveness. As a result of these findings, the possibility of cholinergic hyper-reactivity in allergic rhinitis patients is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464255
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in nasal airway resistance and secretory response in the guinea pig after nasal challenge with capsaicin and histamine (1994)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 251 (1994), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Capsaicin ; Histamine ; Nasal airway resistance ; Nasal secretion ; Guinea pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied serial changes of nasal airway resistance (NAR) and secretory response after topical stimulation with either capsaicin or histamine, since both are known to stimulate a chemosensitive sensory C-fiber ending. After topical capsaicin stimulation, a dose-related increase of NAR was noted, with a peak response occurring at 10–20 min. These NAR responses were completely abolished following systemic pretreatment with capsaicin. However, they were not affected by atropine, diphenhydramine or hexamethonium pretreatment. After topical histamine stimulation, an atropine-resistant increase of NAR was found and continued more than 120 min. The early phase of this response was significantly suppressed by the systemic pretreatment with capsaicin. A secretory response also occurred after topical capsaicin stimulation and continued for 30 min. This secretory response was almost completely blocked by atropine, hexamethonium or systemic capsaicin pretreatment and was partially suppressed by diphenhydramine pretreatment. These findings suggest that sensory C-fiber stimulation can induce both atropine-resistant vascular reflexes and atropine-sensitive secretory reflexes, and that these reflexes might play an important role during the early phase after nasal stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00628428
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of age on the production of interleukin-8-like chemokine (GRO/CINC-1) in rat nasal mucosa (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cytokines ; Interleukin 8 ; Nasal mucosa ; Aging ; Rat animal model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of the nasal mucosa to produce various cytokines has been shown to correlate closely with the capacity to regulate an inflammatory condition in the nasal cavity. Immune senescence is characterized by a dysregulation of the immune system. This change is reflected by the altered production of cytokines during aging. We measured the in vivo production and gene expression of IL-8-like cytokines (GRO/CINC-1) in nasal lavages and mucosa from young (2- to 4-week-old and 11-to 15-week-old) and older (81-to 98-week-old) rats by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions. Significant increases of GRO/CINC-1 levels were found in unstimulated nasal lavages of the older rats compared to that of the 2- to 4-week-old animals. GRO/CINC-1 showed time-dependent production with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in nasal lavages. The GRO/CINC-1 production reached a plateau by 4 h with LPS in any group. However, the manner of the initial time course showed no significant differences among these three groups. At the time of peak production of GRO/CINC-1, messenger RNA for the GRO/CINC-1 was found to be induced in the nasal mucosa. These findings may be important for understanding the mechanisms of the altered immune response and inflammation in the nasal cavity associated with aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01526189
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro regulation of neutrophil migration by β2 integrins (LFA-1 and Mac-1) in patients with otitis media (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 150-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: β2 integrins ; Otitis media ; Neutrophil migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract β2 integrins are located on the surface of neutrophils and have important roles in cell migration to an inflammatory site. We investigated the inhibitory effect of antibodies to the β2 integrin family for neutrophil migration into middle ear effusion (MEE) during acute otitis media in children and chronic otitis media with effusion in both children and adults. Neutrophil migration to MEE samples was assessed in vitro in a 48-well Boyden chamber. The migration index value and the activity of chemo-attractants in MEE was found to be proportional to the number of infiltrated cells. Migration of activated neutrophils into MEE was significantly inhibited by blocking surface-expressed cell adhesion molecules (CAM) with anti-CD11b (Mac-1α) and anti-CD18 (common β2 subunit) antibodies (P 〈 0.001) but not with anti-CD11a (LFA-1α) antibody. These inhibitory effects of anti-CAM antibodies were found in all types of MEE in all age groups studied. A new therapeutic approach to inflammation has been considered recently that utilizes inhibition of neutrophil migration with a blocking antibody to CAM. Our in vitro data support a possible therapeutic effect of anti-CAM antibody, indicating that administration of anti-CD11b and CD18 antibodies may be useful for treating human otitis media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471280
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