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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 57 (1970), S. 138-139 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 57-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 5 (1972), S. 56-63 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In formulating technical equations of state, series expressions are used which are analytic at the critical point as the classical van der Waals equation of state is. In many cases the analytical formulation is considered to be the physically necessary principle. In recent years, however, detailed experimental and theoretical research has shown that changes of phase at critical points have an asymptotic nonanalytic character and assumption of an analytic equation of state at the critical point appears unrealistic. An equation of state is suggested, non-analytic at the critical point, which provides good representation of experimental data and possible expansion into the gas- and liquid region.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Aufstellung von technischen Zustandsgleichungen benutzt man meist Reihenentwicklungen, die am kritischen Punkt, wie auch die klassische van der Waals'sche Zustandsgleichung, analytisch sind. Dabei wird vielfach die analytische Formulierung als physikalisch not-wendiges Prinzip vertreten. In den letzten Jahren aber wurde durch eingehende experimentelle und theoretische Forschung deutlich, daß Phasenübergänge an kritischen Punkten einen asymptotischen nicht-analytischen Charakter haben und die Annahme einer am kritischen Punkt analytischen Zustandsgleichung sehr unrealistisch ist. Es wird eine Zustandsgleichung vorgeschlagen, die am kritischen Punkt nicht analytisch ist, die Meßwerte gut wiedergibt und nach der Gas- und Flüssigkeitsseite hin leicht zu erweitern ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 1051-1058 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical phenomena ; D2 Mission ; density relaxation ; microgravity ; SF6 ; temperature relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of fast isentropic temperature propagation, called the “piston effect,” or “critical speeding up,” and slow mass diffusion, called “critical slowing down,” are investigated. A temperature propagation experiment in a spherical cell filled with pure SF6 at critical density was performed during the Second German Spacelab Mission D2 in 1993. The results evidently confirm the presence of the piston effect both in the one-phase region and in the two-phase region. The numerical simulations are in remarkable good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 1033-1049 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical phenomena ; isochoric heat capacity ; microgravity ; sulfur hexafluoride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the Second German Spacelab Mission D2 (April 26 to May 6, 1993) the isochoric specific heatc v of SF6 was measured along the critical isochore under microgravity conditions with a newly developed scanning radiation calorimeter. This calorimeter provided the possibility to perform comparable heating and cooling runs with variable ramp rates since the spherical sample cell was heated and cooled only by radiation. During the experimental time of 220 h, 11 heating and cooling runs with different ramp rates were performed in a temperature range ofT–T c=±6 K. ApproachingT c by cooling from the homogeneous one-phase region avoided significant temperature and density gradients in the fluid, which would have distorted the integral measurement ofc v. The inhomogenities introduced by a finite ramp rate were greatly reduced by the fast dynamic temperature propagation (“critical speeding up”). Thec v data achieved with slow cooling runs are in remarkably good agreement with the theoretical prediction more than one order of magnitude closer to the critical point than anyc v measurements done so far. The preliminary value for the critical exponentα is 0.107±0.02, and for the amplitude ratio we obtainedA −/A +=1.94±0.07. In contrast to the cooling runs, the heating runs showed a strong hysteresis ofc v. A comparison to 1g measurements is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Keywords: Key words Polymerase chain reaction ; Campylobacter ; Internal standard ; Food ; False negatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A heterologous internal standard, termed "mimic", was developed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in food. Mimic was designed to contain a heterologous DNA fragment of plasmid pUC18, flanked by a primer binding site, identical to the bacterial target DNA. Application of mimic in the PCR permitted its co-amplification together with the bacterial DNA with similar efficiency. As the length of the amplified products differed, they were easily detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. The presence or absence of the mimic PCR product was indicative of the efficacy of the PCR. The use of approximately 60 mimic molecules per reaction was optimal for determining the reliability of the diagnostic PCR assays without decreasing the detection limit. This system for the detection of the two species of Campylobacter was successfully applied in routine food surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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