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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Different washing treatments with chlorinated and ozonated water were applied to carrots (Daucus carota L.) on an industrial scale to improve the sensorial and microbial quality of packaged ready-to-eat produce. Quality of shredded carrots was determined by sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis. Washing shredded carrots resulted in increased sugar leaching and loss of sensorial quality, whereas prewashing uncut carrots with chlorine ensured sugar retention, reduced microbial load, and concurrently minimized cross-contamination. Comparable germ reduction was not achieved by prewashing with ozone. These findings demonstrated that prewashing uncut carrots with chlorine provided sufficient microbiological safety paired with improved sensorial properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Keywords: Key words Polymerase chain reaction ; Campylobacter ; Internal standard ; Food ; False negatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A heterologous internal standard, termed "mimic", was developed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in food. Mimic was designed to contain a heterologous DNA fragment of plasmid pUC18, flanked by a primer binding site, identical to the bacterial target DNA. Application of mimic in the PCR permitted its co-amplification together with the bacterial DNA with similar efficiency. As the length of the amplified products differed, they were easily detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. The presence or absence of the mimic PCR product was indicative of the efficacy of the PCR. The use of approximately 60 mimic molecules per reaction was optimal for determining the reliability of the diagnostic PCR assays without decreasing the detection limit. This system for the detection of the two species of Campylobacter was successfully applied in routine food surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 199 (1994), S. 64-66 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. S31 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Probiotika ; Lebensmittelfermentationen ; Milchsäurebakterien ; klinische Isolate ; unerwünschte Eigenschaften. ; Key words probiotics ; food fermentation ; lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ; clinical isolates ; undesired properties of LAB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive organism, which have in common a fermentative metabolism with lactic acid as the major end-product. Except for bifidobacteria, the LAB are phylogenetically closely related. They directly contribute to human well-being as they are the most important germs in the production process of fermented foods which constitute one fourth of our diet. They are, furthermore, an essential component of the mucosal flora and especially of the intestinal flora. The genus Streptococcus contains highly pathogenic species which can be clearly differentiated from the useful germs. The intestinal flora contains such species of the genus Lactobacillus that are also important in food fermentation and species which are strongly adapted to the intestines and therefore, can be found exclusively in this ecological niche. A special status characterises bifidobacteria and enterococci. The former are located in a separate phylogenetic branch and also occur virtually exclusively in the intestines. Enterococci are rather ubiquitous, participate in indigenous food fermentations, are found in the mucosal flora and are counted as opportunistic pathogens. To influence the intestinal flora and to achieve health promoting effects LAB are isolated from the intestinal flora, grown and employed either as pharmaceutical preparations or additions to food (usually fermented milk). These bacteria are termed ”probiotics”. The exposition of consumers to high numbers of germs belonging to one or a few species needs an evaluation of their safety for human health. In this process the traditional experience with the safe nature of the species can serve as an important criterion. In front of this background, LAB in probiotics can be considered to be especially safe, nevertheless some restrictions have to be made. Generally, the germs used should not contain genes encoding transmissible resistance to antibiotics. In addition they should not produce biogenic amines (e.g. histamine, tyrosine or phenylethylamine) and should not degrade mucine. The assessment may also include the following: absence of a potential for deconjugation of bile salts, induction of platelet aggregation and binding to fibrinogen and fibronectine. These examinations may be required as certain LAB have been identified in clinical isolates. The isolates were, however, obtained in the most majority of cases from debilitated patients. The germs were components of the body flora as well as of the environment, organisms deliberately employed in food fermentations or probiotics have never been isolated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Milchsäurebakterien sind eine Gruppe von Gram-positiven Organismen, denen ihr fermentativer Stoffwechsel mit Bildung von Milchsäure als wesentliches Endprodukt gemeinsam ist. Mit Ausnahme der Bifidobakterien sind sie untereinander phylogenetisch verwandt. Sie haben unmittelbaren Bezug zum Wohlbefinden des Menschen als wichtigste Keime bei der Erzeugung der fermentierten Lebensmittel, denen rund 1/4 der Lebensmittel zuzurechnen sind, und ferner als ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Schleimhautflora insbesondere der Intestinalflora. Die Gattung Streptococcus enthält hochpathogene Spezies, sie sind jedoch eindeutig von den nützlichen Keimen zu differenzieren. Der Intestinalflora gehören Spezies der Gattung Lactobacillus an, die auch bedeutsam bei Lebensmittelfermentationen sind und ferner andere Species, die an den Darm stark angepaßt sind und im wesentlichen nur hier vorkommen. Eine besondere Stellung nehmen sowohl die Bifidobakterien ein, die einem speziellen phylogenetischen Entwicklungszweig angehören und ebenfalls im Darm ihr praktisch ausschließliches Habitat haben, als auch die Enterokokken, die weitgehend ubiquitär vorkommen, an den spontanen Lebensmittelfermentation teilhaben, in der Schleimhautflora stets vorkommen und kennzeichnenderweise auch als opportunistisch Pathogene bekannt sind. Zur Beeinflussung der Intestinalflora und zur Erzielung gesundheitsfördernder Effekte werden Milchsäurebakterien aus der Intestinalflora isoliert, vermehrt und entweder in Form pharmazeutischer Präparate oder als Zusatz zu Lebensmitteln, i.d.R. fermentierten Milchprodukten, als sog. „Probiotika” eingesetzt. Die Exposition der Konsumenten gegenüber einer hohen Zahl an Keimen einer oder weniger Arten erfordert grundsätzlich eine Bewertung ihrer gesundheitlichen Unbedenklichkeit. Dabei kann die traditionelle Erfahrung hinsichtlich Ihrer Unbedenklichkeit als ein wichtiges Kriterium herangezogen werden.Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen sich die Organismen als besonders sicher dar – es müssen jedoch bestimmte Einschränkungen gemacht werden. Grundsätzlich sollen die Keime keine Gene besitzen, die für übertragbare Resistenzen gegen Chemotherapeutika kodieren. Sie sollen auch keine biogenen Amine (Histamin, Tyramin, Phenylethylamin) bilden und kein Mucin abbauen. Als überprüfbare Kriterien gelten auch fehlendes Potential zur Gallensalzdekonjugation, Induktion bzw. Abbau von Thromben, Aktivierung der Thrombozytenaggregation und Bindung an Fibrinogen und Fibronektin. Diese Überprüfungen sind erforderlich, weil sowohl intestinale als auch an Lebensmittelfermentationen beteiligte Milchsäurebakterien in klinischen Isolaten identifiziert wurden. Bei den Isolaten wurde allerdings in der übergroßen Mehrzahl der Fälle eine primäre Erkrankung diagnostiziert, die eine reduzierte Abwehrlage zu erkennen gab. Die Keime waren Bestandteil der normalen Körperflora bzw. Umweltflora; für die Beteiligung bewußt eingesetzter, definierter Kulturkeime an Infektionen gibt es keinen Hinweis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The growth behaviour of Lactobacillus sake and Lactobacillus pentosus was determined in a model system simulating the conditions of fermenting sausages. Minor effects on the growth were observed by varying the concentrations of glucose, peptone, manganese and sodium nitrite. Temperature and sodium chloride concentration were found to have most effect on the growth. The measured data were used for a mathematical model describing the growth response of L. sake and L. pentosus sufficiently well to estimate the behaviour of the investigated strains. In all combinations relevant to sausage fermentation L. sake proved to be more competitive. It exhibited a shorter lag phase, higher maximal growth rate and higher final cell yield than L. pentosus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The growth behaviour of Lactobacillus sake and Lactobacillus pentosus was determined in a model system simulating the conditions of fermenting sausages. Minor effects on the growth were observed by varying the concentrations of glucose, peptone, manganese and sodium nitrite. Temperature and sodium chloride concentration were found to have most effect on the growth. The measured data were used for a mathematical model describing the growth response of L. sake and L. pentosus sufficiently well to estimate the behaviour of the investigated strains. In all combinations relevant to sausage fermentation L. sake proved to be more competitive. It exhibited a shorter lag phase, higher maximal growth rate and higher final cell yield than L. pentosus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 208 (1999), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Genetically modified soya bean ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Processed food ; Wheat bread ; Inhibition of PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The official PCR-based method for the detection of recombinant DNA from glyphosate-tolerant soya beans (GTS), laid down in the collection of methods according to Sect. 35 of the German Food Law, was investigated for applicability. As a model, wheat bread was produced with a 1% addition of baking aid consisting of 45% GTS flour. DNA extraction of samples drawn at various stages of the production process revealed that during the process a degradation of DNA took place, resulting in fragment sizes in bread of 〈500 bp. GTS DNA was detectable at all stages, although the content of GTS flour in the dough and bread had dropped to only 0.4%. In 2 out of 15 commercial baking aids, GTS DNA was detected, reflecting the status of the use of GTS in that area. A model was also developed to study the effect on the detection of GTS under conditions when the target gene sequence of one primer is present in food originating from natural contamination or genetically modified organisms other than GTS. It was observed that high concentrations of competing DNA inhibited the PCR. This inhibition was overcome by increasing the concentration of Taq polymerase in the reaction mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 220-224 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrite reductase ; Catalase ; Hematin activation ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; L. curvatus ; L. sake ; Starter cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the addition of hematin on the activities of nitrite reductase and catalase was studied with cell suspensions of strains of lactobacillus species. In cells of Lactobacillus plantarum grown under aerobic or anaerobic conditions nitrite reductase was present. This activity was not exhibited by cells of L. curvatus and only rarely by L. sake. In addition, catalase activity was detected in aerobically grown cells only, with all strains of L. plantarum and L. sake; again L. curvatus was devoid of this activity. Ammonia was formed as the main product of nitrite reduction by L. plantarum. With lactate as the electron donor, the end products of carbohydrate catabolism were carbon dioxide, acetoin and acetate. The activities of nitrite reductase and catalase in strains of lactobacillus species may be used for optimizing the quality of starter cultures applied for the production of raw sausages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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