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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 37 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: One of the challenges of monitoring network design in a fractured rock setting is the heterogeneity of the rocks. This paper summarizes the activities and problems associated with the monitoring of contaminated groundwater in porous, low-permeability fractured chalk in the Negev Desert, Israel. Preferential flow documented in the study area required siting the monitoring boreholes in the predominant fracture systems. Lineaments traced from aerial photographs were examined in the field to sort out the large-extension, through-going, multilayer fracture systems crossing the study area. At each proposed drilling site, these fractures were exposed below the sediment cover using trenches. Slanted boreholes were drilled at a distance from the fracture systems so that each borehole would intersect the targeted fracture plane below the water table. Based on their short recovery period and contaminated ground water, these newly drilled, fracture-oriented boreholes appeared to be better connected to preferential flowpaths crossing the industrial site than the old boreholes existing on site. Other considerations concerning the drilling and logging of monitoring boreholes in a fractured media were: (1) coring provides better documentation of the vertical fracture distribution, but dry augering is less costly and enables immediate ground water sampling and the sampling of vadose rock for contaminant analysis; (2) caliper and TV camera logs appear to provide only partial information regarding the vertical fracture distribution; and (3) the information gained by deepening the monitoring boreholes and testing fractures crossing their uncased walls has to be carefully weighed against the risk of potential cross-contamination through the monitoring boreholes, which is enhanced in fractured media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The homes of 120 patients with asthma, 57 in Vancouver and 63 in Winnipeg, were studied. The characteristics of the homes were assessed by a questionnaire. Dust samples were collected and the indoor relative humidity was measured four times during the year covering all four seasons in both cities. Mite allergen levels were determined using monoclonal antibodies against Der p I and Der f I by the ELISA method. The mean levels of both mite allergens in mattress and floor samples in the homes in Vancouver and in Winnipeg were relatively low for all seasons. Mite allergen levels were found to be associated with city, season and individual home differences. They were significantly higher in Vancouver than in Winnipeg. Der p I and Der f I in mattress samples in both cities and Der f I in floor samples in Vancouver, varied by season. The indoor relative humidity level in the homes in Vancouver were also significantly higher than those in Winnipeg. There was, however, no significant association between the levels of indoor relative humidity and the levels of mite allergens after adjusting for variations in city, season and individual home. Although individual home differences were highly associated with mite allergen levels, only a few home characteristics were found to be related to mite allergen levels such as the type and the age of the home, the type of heating, the use of feather pillows and the number of occupants in the homes. Whether low levels of mite allergens are partially responsible for the relatively low prevalence of childhood asthma in Canada remains to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper presents the results of an experimental testing programme to examine the uniaxial creep, low cycle fatigue and creep/fatigue interaction behaviour of a Ni-base superalloy at 700°C. The material is used in the manufacture of aeroengine turbine discs. A creep continuum damage mechanics model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the creep and creep rupture behaviour of the material. A healing term has been incorporated into the damage mechanics model to allow the behaviour under creep/fatigue conditions to be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 163 (1953), S. 494-498 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 165 (1954), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 167 (1955), S. 320-325 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In a randomized study, prevention of goiter recurrence with l-thyroxine was compared with pure iodide substitution after thyroid surgery for nodular goiter in an iodine-deficient area. Altogether 107 patients were followed up for 52 weeks after thyroid resection. The thyroid volume was determined sonographically. Free thyroxine, total thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroglobulin, and antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase were measured. The thyroid volume decreased slightly over the course of a year in the two therapy groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Recurrences were seen with both l-thyroxine medication and iodide substitution. The thyroglobulin levels fell significantly over the 52-week follow-up period in the iodide group. Antibody formation was not observed under iodine substitution. In an area of iodine deficiency, substitution with iodide is just as effective as medicating the patients with l-thyroxine for preventing recurrences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Impotence • Veins • Penile venous surgery • Penile erection ; Schlüsselwörter Impotenz • Penile Venenchirurgie • Prognosefaktoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren wurde vermehrt über schlechtere Langzeiterfolge der Penisvenenchirurgie bei venösem Leck berichtet. Dies veranlaßte uns, unser Patientenkollektiv von 126 Patienten, die zwischen 1987 und 1996 einer dorsalen Penisvenenligatur unterzogen wurden, im Rahmen einer erneuten klinischen Visite oder durch ein standardisiertes Telefoninterview bzw. einen Fragebogen im Langzeit-Follow-up zu evaluieren. Den klinischen Ausgang teilten wir in folgende 3 Gruppen ein: volle spontane Erektion, postoperatives Ansprechen auf Schwellkörperautoinjektionstherapie (SKAT) und keine Veränderung der Erektionsfähigkeit postoperativ. Der Kurzzeiterfolg nach 1–3 Monaten betrug auf diese Gruppen bezogen 31 (24,6 %), 25 (19,8 %) und 70 (55,6 %) Patienten. Nach einer Langzeitbeobachtung von 6–76 Monaten (Mittelwert 33 ± 19,6) verschlechterten sich diese Werte auf 14 (11,2 %), 24 (19 %) und 88 (69,8 %) Patienten. Eine erneute Verschlechterung eines anfänglichen Operationserfolges trat in 86 % der Fälle innerhalb des ersten postoperativen Jahres auf (p K 0,001). Als günstige Prognosefaktoren konnten wir ein präoperatives Bestehen der Erektionsstörung unter 7 Jahre, ein normales Corpus-cavernosum-Elektromyogramm (CC-EMG) und ein Maintenance-Flow unter 45 ml/min bestimmen. Waren alle drei Parameter gegeben, so stieg die Langzeiterfolgsrate (spontane Erektion plus SKAT-Responder) von 30 % im gesamten Patientengut auf 67 % bei diesem günstigen Patientenkollektiv (p K 0,001). Diese Studie zeigt, daß die Langzeiterfolge der DPVL bei nicht-selektionierten Patienten enttäuschend sind, eine Selektion der Patienten jedoch mit bestimmten Prognosefaktoren vorgenommen werden kann.
    Notes: Summary Poor longterm success has been reported for penile vein ligation the last few years. Therefore, we decided to re-investigate our group of 147 patients who were operated on between 1987 and 1996. All patients showed a negative response to intracavernous injection therapy at the time of diagnosis and revealed a maintenance flow 〉 15 ml/min, as well as a pathological venous flow with pharmacocavernosometry or pharmacocavernosography. These patients underwent ligation of all superficial dorsal veins and resection of the deep dorsal vein of the penis. An up-to-date record of the success of the operation was kept either by a renewed clinical visit or by a standardized telephone interview or questionnaire. A total of 126 patients were available here for long-term follow-up. We divided the findings into three groups: complete spontaneous erection, postoperative response to cavernous auto-injection therapy and no changes in erectile competency postoperatively. The short-term success rate for these groups after 1–3 months was an outcome of 31 (24.6 %), 25 (19.8 %) and 70 (55.6 %) patients; 86 % of the cases whose results deteriorated after the initial operation success rate had this happen within the first postoperative year (p K 0.001). Favorable prognostic factors were preoperative erectile dysfunction of K 7 years, a normal CC-EMG and a maintenance flow of K 45 ml/min. If all three parameters were present, the long-term success rate (spontaneous erection plus response to intracavernous injection) of 30 % of all patients was found to rise to 67 % in this selected group of patients (p K 0.001). This study reveals that long-term success for unselected patients undergoing penile venous surgery is disappointing; however, careful selection of patients by certain prognostic factors can improve long-term results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Renal cell cancer • Biological prognostic factors • Risk stratification ; Schlüsselwörter Nierenparenchymkarzinome • Prognosefaktoren • Risikostratifizierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beobachtung sehr unterschiedlicher klinischer Verläufe für Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinomen, die ein identisches pathologisches Stadium, eine vergleichbare histologische Differenzierung sowie ein ähnliches Wachstumsmuster aufweisen, scheint die Existenz von Tumoren mit unterschiedlichem biologischen Potential zu belegen. Letzteres wird durch gegenwärtig zur Verfügung stehende Klassifikationssysteme nicht in so ausreichendem Maße determiniert, daß eine ihnen entsprechende Charakterisierung einzelner Tumoren die Basis für eine validierte bzw. individualisierte Therapieentscheidung darstellen könnte. Die Notwendigkeit hierzu ergibt sich aber aus der Einführung modifizierter operativer Strategien im Sinne einer sich zunehmend etablierenden organerhaltenden Chirurgie, sowie aus der jüngst beschriebenen Applikation einer sich am biologisch sicher noch besser charakterisierbaren Progressionsrisiko bestimmter Subgruppen von Patienten mit Nierenzellkarzinom ausrichtenden adjuvant-systemischen Therapie (Immun-Chemotherapie). Hieraus ergibt sich für den klinisch orientierten Grundlagenforscher bzw. den grundlagenwissenschaftlich orientierten Kliniker das Bedürfnis, prognostisch bedeutsame Variablen in Ergänzung zu „klassischen“ Prognosefaktoren (T-Stadium, histologischer Differenzierungsgrad, Wachstumsmuster) zu identifizieren, die das biologische Aggressivitätspotential des einzelnen Tumors so valide abzuschätzen erlauben, daß sich hieraus die Möglichkeit eines an den einzelnen Patienten individuell adaptierten therapeutischen Vorgehens ergibt. Diesbezüglich wurden in der jüngeren Vergangenheit verschiedenste biologische Parameter unter Einschluß des Nachweises von Alterationen auf chromosomaler/DNA-Ebene, aber auch der Veränderung physiologischer Proteinexpression, als potentielle Progressionsmarker bzw. biologische Prognosefaktoren diskutiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Abhandlung ist eine Bestandsaufnahme bezüglich der gegenwärtigen Verfügbarkeit solcher biologischer Variablen, denen künftig eine klinische Bedeutung in Verbindung mit dem Ziel einer individualisierten Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinomes zukommen könnte.
    Notes: Summary The observation of extremely variable clinical courses for patients with renal cell carcinomas of an identical pathological stage as well as a comparable histological differentiation resp. growth pattern strongly indicates the existence of tumors harboring different biological aggressiveness. Currently available histopathological classification systems do not predict the biological behaviour of renal cell cancer as sufficiently as the establishment of a therapeutical strategy adjusted to the individual patient would require. The need for a more refined characterization of the biological potential of the indidual tumor results from the introduction of modified operative strategies as organ-preserving surgery, for example, as well as from the recently suggested application of an adjuvant systemic therapy adapted to the individual risk for tumor recurrence resp. the development of progressive disease. Therefore, the clinically orientated basic scientist and the basic scientifically orientated clinician intensively try to determine prognostically important biological variables which would allow to better predict the biological aggressiveness of a single tumor in addition to “classical” prognostic parameters (T-stage, histological grading, growth patterns). In this context, several biological parameters including the identification of alterations on the DNA-, RNA- and protein level have been discussed as possible biological prognostic markers for renal cell cancer. The present review tries to reflect currently available biological characteristics of RCC which might gain clinical importance with regard to an individualized therapy in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 37 (1998), S. 503-508 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Erectile dysfunction • Phosphodiesterase • Apomorphin • PGE1 ; Schlüsselwörter Erektile Dysfunktion • Medikamentöse Therapie • Phosphodiesterase • Apomorphin • Yohimbin • PGE1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die medikamentöse Therapie der erektilen Dysfunktion umfaßt die orale sowie die lokale Applikation von Pharmaka. Die zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt einzige zugelassene orale Substanz mit nachgewiesener Effektivität ist Yohimbin, ein zentral wirksamer Alpharezeptorenblocker. Weitere orale Medikamente mit zentralem Angriffspunkt sind Trazodon und Apomorphin, wobei Apomorphin signifikant besser wirkte als Placebo. Sildenafil, ein Phosphodiesterase-Isoenzym-V-Inhibitor mit überwiegend peripherem Wirkmechanismus, zeigte ebenfalls ermutigende Ergebnisse in klinischen Studien. Zur lokalen Applikation stehen sowohl die intraurethrale (MUSE) als auch der intracavernöse Anwendungsweise zur Verfügung. Als verwendete Substanz hat zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt Prostaglandin E1 (Caverject) andere Pharmaka weitgehend verdrängt. Zur Zeit befinden sich mehrere erfolgversprechende Substanzen mit unterschiedlichstem Wirkansatz und verschiedenen Darreichungsformen in der Entwicklung als Therapeutikum bei erektiler Dysfunktion. Hierdurch wird eine signifikante Verbesserung der medikamentösen Behandlung dieser Erkrankung mit weitgehendem Eingehen auf individuelle Gegebenheiten und Wünsche möglich sein.
    Notes: Summary Pharmacotherapy of erectile dysfunction comprises oral and local application of drugs. Today, Yohimbin is the only drug listed for this indication. Yohimbin acts via central alpha-receptor blockade and showed a significant effect in a recent double blind study compared to placebo. The centrally acting substances Apomorphin and Trazodone were also tested for their potential use with Apomorphin showing promising results. The orally active phosphodiesterase-V inhibitor Sildenafil acts predominantly on the peripheral side; broad clinical studies demonstrated a significant effect of the drugs compared to placebo. For local use, intraurethral (MUSE) and intracavernous applications are available with PGE1 being the drug the most widely used for the moment. Since many different drugs with various modes of action and different modes of application are being developped at the moment, future pharmacological treatments will allow a more refined approach towards an individually adapted regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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