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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revisit of MALDI for small proteins (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 1315-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was used for several small proteins (such as insulin) and for peptides. It was found that the detection efficiencies of MALDI for the insulin B chain and the insulin A chain are drastically different. Similar phenomena were also observed for various types of peptides. The positive-ion signal of MALDI in detecting proteins or peptides was found to be greatly enhanced by the presence of a basic amino acid in their chains. The experimental results indicate that this enhancement may arise from proton transfer in solution by an acid-base reaction between the protein/peptide and matrix molecule. This pre-protonated mechanism provides a low energy barrier for the ionization of peptides in a MALDI process, and greatly reduces the energy threshold of MALDI. Matrix effects on the ionization mechanism are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290091318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of ΔF508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 772-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The most common mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene is characterized by the deletion of three nucleotides that code phenylalanine in the 508 position of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. We report the first measurements by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the ΔLF508 mutation in cystic fibrosis carriers and patients. Furthermore, in a blind test, results from the normal and ΔLF508 mutant alleles in 30 clinical samples based on MALDI mass spectrometry and on conventional gel analysis of the DNA were in total agreement. These results demonstrate the utility of MALDI mass spectrometry in the molecular diagnosis of mutant alleles and point to its potential use for ultra-fast detection in large-scale screening of DNA mutations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290090910
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane and maleimide-terminated polyurethane for biomedical applications (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: polyurethane ; bismaleimide ; biomaterial ; blood compatibility ; surface property ; mechanical property ; degree of compatibility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polyurethane (PU) and maleimide-terminated polyurethane (UBMI) were prepared by using a simultaneous polymerization technique. The effects of the UBMI molecular weight and amounts of the UBMI in the IPNs on the mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, degree of compatibility, water absorption, surface properties and dynamic thrombosis were investigated. Bulk structure and surface properties were analyzed in order to correlate their blood compatibility. The IPNs exhibited a higher ultimate tensile strength especially when the UBMI with short soft chains was introduced. The heterogeneous characteristics were found for the IPNs when longer soft segment chains were incorporated in the PU component polymer. The presence of hydrophilic/hydrophobic alternative microdomains on the IPN surface was proposed to be the reason for good blood compatibility. The degree of compatibility, compositions of each domain and content of each domain in the matrix were calculated and correlated with the blood compatibility.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds. II. Determination of the fusion level (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1093-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds were prepared in a Haake torque rheometer using various blending conditions. The fusion levels of processed compounds were evaluated by a capillary rheometer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), based on the entrance pressure drop and the heat of fusion, respectively. S-shaped fusion curves were obtained. Starting temperature of the mixer, rotor speed, and totalized torque are the three major factors that affect the fusion level of PVC compounds blended in the Haake torque rheometer. All three parameters have a significant effect; however, totalized torque has the greatest effect and this can be characterized using a torque rheometer. Both capillary rheological and DSC thermal analysis can be applied to determine the fusion level of a PVC compound. The morphological changes of the various fusion processes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580702
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds. III. Correlation of compounding energy with fusion level (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1101-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The major contributors to the compounding energy of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sample in the Haake torque rheometer are starting temperature, rotor speed, and totalized torque. In this study, the compounding energy was calculated by using an energy balance in the internal mixer reported by Pedersen. The fusion levels of the PVC samples, which were prepared in the Haake torque rheometer at various blending conditions (starting temperature = variable, rotor speed = 60 rpm, and totalized torque = 10 kg-m-min), were determined by DSC and a capillary rheometer. The compounding energy was then correlated with the fusion level. The simple total energy balance can be applied to correlate the compounding energy with the fusion level of the PVC compound prepared in the Haake torque rheometer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580703
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds. IV. Fusion characteristics and morphology analyses (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1107-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), PVC/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), PVC/oxidized polyethylene (OPE), and PVC/CPE/OPE compounds were prepared in a Haake torque rheometer at various temperatures, rotor speeds, and totalized torques (TTQ). The fusion characteristics of these PVC compounds (fusion time, fusion torque, and fusion temperature) were studied. Longer fusion time results in higher fusion temperature. Higher fusion temperature results in lower fusion torque. The fusion time of PVC/OPE compounds is the longest among these PVC blends. However, the fusion time of PVC/CPE/OPE compounds is the shortest among these PVC blends. The fusion time of the PVC/CPE/OPE compound is significantly different from those of PVC, PVC/OPE, and PVC/CPE compounds at the medium starting temperature and the medium rotor speed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses successfully revealed the surface morphological changes of the fusion of PVC, PVC/OPE, PVC/CPE, and PVC/CPE/OPE compounds. The lubrication mechanisms of these PVC compounds have also been postulated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580704
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds. I. Morphological characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated polyethylene (PVC/CPE) blends (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1087-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is a commonly used impact modifier of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The major goal of this research was to understand the fundamental morphological aspects of PVC/CPE blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to image the surface structure of these blends, and both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning-transmission electron microscopy (S-TEM) were used to image the morphological boundaries of the blends. TEM imaging distinguishes the boundaries between PVC and CPE more clearly or better than does S-TEM, but it is time-consuming. However, some CPE particles are not observed in TEM because of inefficient staining. S-TEM imaging is much faster and does not depend on staining for the imaging of the CPE phase. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580701
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport phenomena and kinetics in an extravascular bioartificial pancreas (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2668-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A bioartificial pancreas, consisting of immobilized islets encapsulated within hollow fibers, is investigated as an alternative treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes. A mathematical model is developed to determine whether this configuration of the bioartificial pancreas can yield an insulin response to a glucose challenge with the appropriate dynamics in diabetic humans. The model consists of the 2-D mass-conservation equations for glucose and insulin within the hollow fiber and capillaries. The equations contain terms for insulin-production kinetics by porcine islets and glucose-consumption kinetics. The boundary conditions account for transport resistances of the fiber membrane, the tissue surrounding the implant, and a thin film within the capillaries. The equations are coupled to a pharmacokinetic model of the circulatory system. The calculations show that an optimized design with this configuration will be feasible for human use and requires a total volume of 4.6 mL to reach the target insulin concentration in the bloodstream following a glucose challenge. The parameters and processes controlling the system performance are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420928
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