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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of a pyrogen-free human growth hormone antagonist (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 520-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: human growth hormone ; animal cell culture ; purification ; serum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Human growth hormone (hGH) is a polypeptide with 191 amino acids and a molecular mass of 22 kilodaltons. With the aid of computer molecular simulation, an hGH analog was created by altering an hGH gene to reflect the change of one amino acid (glycine [G] 120 to arginine [R]) within the third α-helix of the hGH molecule. This hGH analog, named hGHG120R, was found to be an hGH antagonist. It may have important implications in treating human conditions in which hGH levels are abnormally high, as found in type I diabetics. Several hundred milligrams of purified hGHG120R were needed to determine the biological activity of the antagonist in animal models. A multistep downstream process was developed to purify hGHG120R from cultured mouse L cells transfected with the hGHG120R gene. The process consisted of cell clarification, salt precipitation, membrane ultrafiltration, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, phase separation, and lyophiliation. This work discusses the rationale for the design of the process and experimental results on the purification of hGHG120R using the process. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480515
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and Structural Studies of Copper-Lanthanoid Complexes; the Synthesis and Structures of New Cu3Ln Complexes of 6-chloro-2-Pyridone (Ln = Gd, Dy and Er) and Magnetic Studies on Cu2Gd2, Cu4Gd2 and Cu3Gd Complexes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 614-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: copper compounds ; exchange coupling ; heterometallic compounds ; lanthanide compounds ; magnetic properties ; structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and structural characterisation of three copper-lanthanoid complexes are reported. The compounds, of general formula [Cu3M(chp)8(NO3)(S)] [M = Gd, S = H2O in 2; M = Dy, S = H2O in 3; M = Er, S = (H2O)0.5(MeOH)0.5 in 4; chp = anion of 6-chloro-2-pyridone], are made by reaction of [Cu2(chp)4] (1) with the hydrated lanthanoid nitrate salt in methanol. Structural studies reveal the three copper atoms lie in an approximate hemisphere about a central lanthanoid atom. Magnetic studies on 2 and two further Cu-Gd complexes show ferromagnetic coupling between the 3d and 4f metals. Consideration of these results along with magnetic data previously reported for Cu-Gd compounds leads to a correlation between the magnitude of this exchange coupling and the exponential of the Cu…Gd distance. This is the first magneto-structural correlation reported for mixed d-block/f-block metal complexes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010908
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of Energy Distribution for Scanning X-ray Probe (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: diffraction ; elliptical mirror ; energy distribution ; Fermi edge ; monochromator ; optical ray tracing ; rocking curve ; scanning x-ray probe ; simulation ; XPS ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The energy distribution of a scanning x-ray probe which is equipped with an elliptical mirror monochromator has been simulated with optical ray tracing, a numerically described energy distribution of Al Kα x-ray and a rocking curve. The rocking curve was estimated by dynamic diffraction theory with structure factors for quartz. The peak energy of the diffracted x-ray beam did not change with beam size, although the shapes of energy distribution were found to change slightly. Using the simulated x-ray energy distribution and the apparatus function, the energy width of the Fermi edge was simulated, which is to be compared with that obtained experimentally by monochromatic Al Kα x-ray excitation. The widths of the silver Fermi edge spectra were measured with different x-ray beam sizes. In addition, the relation between the x-ray beam position on the anode and the diffracted x-ray energy distribution was investigated. The peak energy of the diffracted x-ray beam was found to move with the x-ray beam position. It is shown that this kind of simulation can be effectively used for estimating the energy distribution and the intensity distribution of the diffracted x-ray beam. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anorganische Materialien mit Hilfe von Rastersondenmikroskopen verstehen und manipulieren (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 108 (1996), S. 748-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Ladungsdichtewellen ; Nanosynthese ; niederdimensionale Materialien ; Rasterkraftmikroskopie ; Rastertunnelmikroskopie ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rastersondenmikroskope wie das Rastertunnelmikroskop und das Rasterkraftmikroskop sind hervorragende Werkzeuge für die Untersuchung der mikroskopischen Eigenschaften von Oberflächen. Verwendet man sie zum Studium niederdimensionaler Materialien, etwa zweidimensionaler Festkörper wie Graphit oder nulldimensionaler Nanostrukturen, lassen sich auch strukturelle und elektronische Eigenschaften auf atomarer Skala erforschen, die für die gesamte Probe und nicht nur für die Oberfläche charakteristisch sind. Kombiniert man solche Untersuchungen mit der chemischen Synthese oder der direkten Manipulation von Atomen, so können auch Beziehungen zwischen der Zusammensetzung, der Struktur und den physikalischen Eigenschaften verständlich und somit die chemischen Grundlagen der Materialeigenschaften verdeutlicht werden. Dieser Artikel zeigt, daß die Kombination der Rastersondenmikroskopien mit der chemischen Synthese das Verständnis der Ladungsdichtewellen und der Hochtemperatur-Supraleitung erweitert sowie die Herstellung von Nanoteilchen in niederdimensionalen Materialien vorangebracht hat. Weiterhin wurde aufgezeigt, wie dotierte Materialien mit Ladungsdichtewellen wechselwirken; ebenso wurde das Verständnis der lokalen Kristallchemie komplizierter Kupferoxide erweitert, mikroskopische Details über die supraleitenden Zustände in Hochtemperatur-Supraleitern enthüllt und neue Ansätze zur Herstellung von Multikomponenten-Nanostrukturen hervorgebracht. Die Kopplung rastersondenmikroskopischer Messungen und Manipulationen mit chemischer Synthese ist ein allgemeiner Ansatz, um Materialeigenschaften besser zu verstehen und komplexe Nanostrukturen gezielter zu erzeugen.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19961080704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple two-dimensional representation for the common secondary structural elements of polypeptides and proteins (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 27 (1997), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: peptide conformation ; ramachandran plot ; PDB search ; peptide dynamics ; BPTI ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple method is presented for projecting the conformation of extended secondary structure elements of peptides and proteins that extend over four Cαatoms onto a simple two-dimensional surface. A new set of two degrees of freedom is defined, a pseudo-dihedral involving four sequential Cαatoms, as well as the triple scalar product for the vectors describing the orientation of the three intervening peptide groups. The method provides a reduction in dimensionality, from the usual combination of multiple φ,ψ pairs to a single pair, yielding valuable information concerning the structure and dynamics of these important elements. The new two-dimensional surface is explored by reference to 63 selected protein crystal structures together with a comparison of model built peptides representing the common secondary structural elements. Dynamical aspects on this new surface are examined using a molecular dynamics trajectory of Basic Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transparent flexible organic light-emitting devicesThe authors thank Universal Display Corp. and DARPA for their support of this work. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 9 (1997), S. 725-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19970090910
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mass control in methacrylic copolymer latexes containing glycidyl methacrylate (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Results are presented on the preparation and characterization of batch emulsion copolymers of butyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The two main problems occurring during an emulsion copolymerization with GMA are partial hydrolysis of the epoxy groups and internal crosslinking of the latex particles formed. The influence of chain transfer agents (CTA) on the degree of crosslinking was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of reaction temperature and the addition of methacrylic acid on the sol/gel content of the polymer formed and on the rate of epoxy hydrolysis were investigated. It was found that lowering the reaction temperature did not increase the sol content; however, it significantly decreased the extent of hydrolysis. The addition of a CTA (especially CBr4) increased the sol content of the polymer, and good control over the molecular mass was achieved. The addition of methacrylic acid showed that this monomer can be used without any complications with respect to the control of the sol content of the polymer formed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Molecular Structure of a Rhenium Complex Derived from 8a-Amino-6-methyl-ergolineDedicated to Professor Roland Mayer on the occasion of his 70th birthday. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 839-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhenium ; Technetium ; 8a-Amino-6-methyl-ergoline ; Chelates ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Current research in radiopharmaceutical chemistry is aimed at the design of technetium-based receptor-binding radiotracers because of the excellent nuclide properties of the isotope 99mTc. Tc tracers and the corresponding complexes of rhenium, as the inactive surrogate of Tc, are required to imitate organic agonists or antagonists of the receptor. We have started studies with ergolines, which are known to be dopamine substitutes. The present report deals with the functionalization of 8α-amino-6-methyl-ergoline (2) with a 2-mercaptoacetyl group, and the subsequent synthesis of the first rhenium complex containing a pendent ergoline moiety [Re- O(SSS)(RS)] (HSSSH = HS-CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-SH and RSH = 8a-amino-N-(2-mercaptoacetyl)-6-methyl-ergoline) (4). The molecular structure of the rhenium complex was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19971300705
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding and Manipulating Inorganic Materials with Scanning Probe Microscopes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 35 (1996), S. 686-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: atomic force microscopy ; low-dimensional materials ; nanosyn-theses ; scanning tunneling microscopy ; superconductivity ; Scanning probe microscopy ; Low-dimensional materials ; Nanostructures ; Scanning probe microscopy ; Superconductors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Scanning probe microscopies, such as scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, are uniquely powerful tools for probing the microscopic properties of surfaces. If these microscopies are used to study low-dimensional materials, from two-dimensional solids such as graphite to zero-dimensional nanostructures, it is possible to elucidate atomic-scale structural and electronic properties characteristic of the bulk of a material and not simply the surface. By combining such measurements with chemical synthesis or direct manipulation it is further possible to elucidate relationships between composition, structure, and physical properties, thus promoting an understanding of the chemical basis of material properties. This article illustrates that the combination of scanning probe microscopies and chemical synthesis has advanced our understanding of charge density waves, high-temperature superconductivity, and nanofabrication in low-dimensional materials. This new approach to studying materials has directly contributed to our knowledge of how metal dopants interact with charge density waves and elucidated the local crystal chemistry of complex copper oxides, microscopic details of the superconducting states in materials with a high superconducting transition Ic, and new approaches to the fabrication of multi-component nanostructures. Coupling scanning probe microscopy measurement and manipulation with chemical synthesis should provide an approach to understanding material properties and creating complex nanostructures in general.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199606861
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