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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atlanto-axial instability of a hypoplastic upper cervical spine (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 136 (1995), S. 106-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Atlanto-axial instability ; cervical spine ; hypoplasy ; cervical myelopathy ; surgical management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report on the development of myelopathy in a case of hypoplastic upper cervical spine with atlanto-axial instability. Its surgical treatment with transarticular screw fixation and interlaminar fusion is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411446
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute subdural haematoma from ruptured intracranial aneurysms (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 136 (1995), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral aneurysm ; acute subdural haematoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute subdural haematoma (SDH) secondary to a raptured intracranial aneurysm is a rare event. Out of a total of 292 patients with a verified aneurysm (period 1986–1992) in five cases SDH was the diagnosis on CT-evaluation. One patient was in such a bad condition that no treatment was indicated. The remaining four patients were operated on: craniotomy and haematoma evacuation in two cases, craniotomy for haematoma evacuation and aneurysm-clipping in the other two cases. Two patients died and two achieved a good outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410620
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preoperative Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Motor System in Patients with Tumours in the Parietal Lobe (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 1223-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI; sensorimotor cortex; brain tumour.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Intracranial lesions may compromise structures critical for motor performance, and mapping of the cortex, especially of the motor hand area, is important to reduce postoperative morbidity. We investigated nine patients with parietal lobe tumours and used functional MRI sensitized to changes in blood oxygenation to define the different motor areas, especially the primary sensorimotor cortex, in relation to the localization of the tumour. Activation was determined by pixel-by-pixel correlation of the signal intensity time course with a reference waveform equivalent to the stimulus protocol. All subjects showed significant activation of the primary sensorimotor cortex while performing a finger opposition task with the affected and unaffected side. In five patients the finger opposition task additionally activated the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex and the supplementary motor area (SMA). Extension and flexion of the foot, additionally performed in two patients, also activated the sensorimotor cortex, in one case within the perifocal oedema of the tumour. Tumour localization near the central sulcus induced displacement of the sensorimotor cortex as compared to the unaffected side in all patients with a relevant mass effect. The results of our study demonstrate that functional MRI at 1.5 T with a clinically used tomograph can reproducibly localize critical brain regions in patients with intracranial lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050242
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synergy of memory, affects and metaphor (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of analytical psychology 42 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-5922
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Recently, the concept of metaphor has been revitalized as a result of the convergence of interest in this subject from a variety of disciplines including neurobiology, linguistics and cognitive science. Metaphor is now viewed as an emergent property of mind. Metaphor is rooted in the body in two senses: metaphor is used to organize bodily sensation cognitively, especially affects, and secondly, metaphor is rooted in the body as it rests on the border between mind and brain. Metaphor is therefore viewed as a developmentally early, primitive mental function related to synesthesia. There is a significant distinction between frozen or foreclosed metaphors and open and generative metaphors. The foreclosed metaphor will dominate the perception of others in cases of trauma and can be understood as an explanation of transference repetition. Clinical examples of foreclosed metaphors are illustrated by vignettes of patients who have suffered traumas. Examples taken from two artists are used to illustrate instances in which the artist's own unassimilated experiences appear as generative metaphors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-5922.1997.00105.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lot Splitting in Stochastic Flow Shop and Job Shop Environments (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years many firms have been implementing small lot size production. Lot splitting breaks large orders into smaller transfer lots and offers the ability to move parts more quickly through the production process. This paper extends the deterministic studies by investigating various lot splitting policies in both stochastic job shop and stochastic flow shop settings using performance measures of mean flow time and the standard deviation of flow time. Using a computer simulation experiment, we found that in stochastic dynamic job shops, the number of lot splits is more important than the exact form of splitting. However, when optimal job sizes are determined for each scenario, we found a few circumstances where the implementation of a small initial split, called a “flag,” can provide measurable improvement in flow time performance. Interestingly, the vast majority of previous research indicates that methods other than equal lot splitting typically improves makespan performance. The earlier research, however, has been set in the static, deterministic flow shop environment. Thus, our results are of practical interest since they show that the specific method of lot splitting is important in only a small set of realistic environments while the choice of an appropriate number of splits is typically more important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1996.tb00851.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-Mode transport modeling of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2355-2362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Predictions are made for the performance of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [R. Aymar, V. Chuyanov, M. Huguet, R. Parker, and Y. Shimomura, in Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Atomic Energy Agency Fusion Energy Conference, Montréal, Canada 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997), Paper IAEA-CN-64/01-1] design using the Multi-Mode model in the time-dependent one- and one-half-dimensional (1-1/2-D) BALDUR [C. E. Singer et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 49, 275 (1988)] transport code. This model predicts the temperature and density profiles observed in present-day tokamak experiments more closely on the average than other models currently available. Simulations using the Multi-Mode transport model, with its inherent gyro-Bohm scaling, indicate that ITER will ignite, even with edge temperatures as low as 0.25 keV (L-mode, or low-confinement mode, boundary conditions) or with volume averaged density as low as 0.775×1020 m−3 (just below the Greenwald density limit, when Tedge=0.75 keV). The ignition is found to be thermally stable, and the fusion power production is easily controlled by varying plasma density, impurity content, or edge temperatures. The nonequilibrium impurity radiation model used in these simulations predicts that a significant fraction of the fusion power is radiated when conditions are close to marginal ignition. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872909
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive simulations of tokamak plasmas with a model for ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1369-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A drift wave transport model, recently developed by Ottaviani, Horton and Erba (OHE) [Ottaviani et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 39, 1461 (1997)], has been implemented and tested in a time-dependent predictive transport code. This OHE model assumes that anomalous transport is due to turbulence driven by ion temperature gradients and that the fully developed turbulence will extend into linearly stable regions, as described in the reference cited above. A multiplicative elongation factor is introduced in the OHE model and simulations are carried out for 12 discharges from major tokamak experiments, including both L- and H-modes (low- and high-confinement modes) and both circular and elongated discharges. Good agreement is found between the OHE model predictions and experiment. This OHE model is also used to describe the performance of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Putvinski et al., in Proceedings of the 16th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montréal, Canada, 1996 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997), Vol. 2, p. 737.] A second version of the OHE model, in which the turbulent transport is not allowed to penetrate into linearly stable regions, has also been implemented and tested. In simulations utilizing this version of the model, the linear stability of the plasma core eliminates the anomalous thermal transport near the magnetic axis, resulting in an increase in the core temperatures to well above the experimental values. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872797
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of predictive tokamak plasma transport simulations (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2207-2214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The sensitivity of our time-dependent simulations of low confinement (L-mode) discharges to variations in initial profiles and time-dependent boundary conditions has been explored. These time-dependent tokamak plasma simulations were performed using a theory-based Multi-mode transport model that includes ion temperature gradient (ITG) and trapped electron modes (TEM), kinetic and resistive ballooning modes and neoclassical modes. The density and temperature profiles predicted in our simulations of L-mode discharges are found to be robust, even with significant variations in the initial or boundary conditions. Although transport associated with a single mode can be strongly affected by local changes in plasma parameters resulting from changes in the boundary conditions, the total transport remains largely unchanged because of compensation by other transport modes. The sensitivity of the predicted temperature and density profiles to a variation in the Multi-mode model is also examined. When the Dominguez-Waltz theory of transport driven by ITG and TEM modes is replaced in the Multi-mode model by the Weiland description, we find that the predictions of the Weiland model more closely match the experimental data. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872384
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of isotope mass on transport simulations of Joint European Torus high-mode plasmas with Edge Localized Modes (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 4607-4614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of isotopic mass on heat and particle transport in Joint European Torus (JET) [P.-H. Rebut et al., Nucl. Fusion 25, 1011 (1985)] plasma discharges is studied using the Multi-Mode model in the BALDUR predictive transport code [Bateman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 1793 (1998)]. Temperature and density profiles from these simulations generally agree with the experimentally measured profiles for high-mode JET discharges with Edge Localized Modes in hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium discharges. It is surprising that a purely gyro-Bohm transport model, used in these simulations, correctly predicts the experimentally observed improvement in confinement as the isotope mass is increased—given the fact that gyro-Bohm diffusion coefficients increase with isotope mass when the shapes of all the plasma profiles are held fixed. However, in the JET experiment, it was found that the electron and ion temperature at the top of the edge pedestal increases systematically as the isotope mass in increased (J. G. Cordey et al., Report No. JET-P (98)53, 1998). The numerical simulations reported here show that this increase in the edge temperatures and subsequent broadening of the temperature profiles account for the improvement in confinement as the isotope mass is increased. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873724
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting temperature and density profiles in tokamaks : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1793-1799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fixed combination of theory-based transport models, called the Multi-Mode Model, is used in the BALDUR [C. E. Singer et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 49, 275 (1988)] transport simulation code to predict the temperature and density profiles in tokamaks. The choice of the Multi-Mode Model has been guided by the philosophy of using the best transport theories available for the various modes of turbulence that dominate in different parts of the plasma. The Multi-Mode model has been found to provide a better match to temperature and density profiles than any of the other theory-based models currently available. A description and partial derivation of the Multi-Mode Model is presented, together with three new examples of simulations of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [K. M. McGuire et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)]. The first simulation shows the strong effect of recycling on the ion temperature profile in TFTR supershot simulations. The second simulation explores the effect of a plasma current ramp—where the plasma energy content changes slowly on the energy confinement time scale. The third simulation shows that the Multi-Mode Model reproduces the experimentally measured profiles when tritium is used as the hydrogenic isotope in L-mode (low confinement mode) plasmas. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872848
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