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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron Reflectivity Studies of End-Grafted Polymers (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 492-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00106a012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-Angle Scattering from Polymeric Mass Fractals of Arbitrary Mass-Fractal Dimension (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 29 (1996), S. 134-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Debye equation for polymer coils describes scattering from a polymer chain that displays Gaussian statistics. Such a chain is a mass fractal of dimension 2 as evidenced by a power-law decay of −2 in the scattering at intermediate q. At low q, near q ∼ 2π/Rg, the Debye equation describes an exponential decay. For polymer chains that are swollen or slightly collapsed, such as is due to good and poor solvent conditions, deviations from a mass-fractal dimension of 2 are expected. A simple description of scattering from such systems is not possible using the approach of Debye. Integral descriptions have been derived. In this paper, asymptotic expansions of these integral forms are used to describe scattering in the power-law regime. These approximations are used to constrain a unified equation for small-angle scattering. A function suitable for data fitting is obtained that describes polymeric mass fractals of arbitrary mass-fractal dimension. Moreover, this approach is extended to describe structural limits to mass-fractal scaling at the persistence length. The unified equation can be substituted for the Debye equation in the RPA (random phase approximation) description of polymer blends when the mass-fractal dimension of a polymer coil deviates from 2. It is also used to gain new insight into materials not conventionally thought of as polymers, such as nanoporous silica aerogels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895011605
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximations Leading to a Unified Exponential/Power-Law Approach to Small-Angle Scattering (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 717-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new approach to the analysis of small-angle scattering is presented that describes scattering from complex systems that contain multiple levels of related structural features. For example, a mass fractal such as a polymer coil contains two structural levels, the overall radius of gyration and the substructural persistence length. One structural level is described by a Guinier and an associated power-law regime. A function is derived that models both the Guinier exponential and structurally limited power-law regimes without introducing new parameters beyond those used in local fits. Account is made for both a low-q and a high-q limit to power-law scattering regimes. The unified approach can distinguish Guinier regimes buried between two power-law regimes. It is applicable to a wide variety of systems. Fits to data containing multiple power-law and exponential regimes using this approach have previously been reported. Here, arguments leading to the unified approach are given. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated through comparison with model calculations using the Debye equation for polymer coils (mass fractal), equations for polydisperse spheres (Porod scattering) and randomly oriented ellipsoids of revolution with diffuse interfaces, as well as randomly oriented rod and disc-shaped particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895005292
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aero-sol-gel Reactor for Nano-powder Synthesis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of nanoparticle research 1 (1999), S. 379-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-896X
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; aero-sol-gel ; aerosol ; sol-gel ; hydrolysis/condensation ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses a new approach to the synthesis of nano-structured oxides where sol-gel reactions are carried out in aerosol droplets. This aero-sol-gel (ASG) reactor allows for manipulation of the structure, chemical composition and surface area of silica powders through variation of process parameters. ASG powders differ in nanostructure from other continuous process powders such as pyrolytic and solution-route powders. ASG powders contain mesopores (〉2-nm) and micropores (〈2-nm), the mesopores being responsible for high surface areas measured by nitrogen adsorption using BET theory. Primary particles of close to molecular scale are believed to lead to exceedingly large specific surface areas on the order of 600-m2/g. These primary particles aggregate into nanometer scale mass-fractal aggregates that cluster in micron scale agglomerates. Under controlled reaction conditions the powder structure is reproducible as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering, SAXS, analysis. The ASG reactor displays transport effects similar to those previously seen in laminar flame reactors as evidenced by the effect of reactor geometry and reactant concentration on product structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010066622968
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotactic polypropylene foams crystallized from compressed propane solutions (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 617-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: isotactic polypropylene foams ; supercritical propane solutions ; high surface areas ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) from homogeneous solution in supercritical propane yields open-cell foams of high surface area (120-150 m2/g). Their morphology usually consists of microspheres with a dense core and a porous periphery of radiating fibrils. Pore radii covering the mesopore range (2-50 nm), making their largest contribution at 10-20 nm, were calculated from nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Surface areas of the correct order of magnitude are obtained by assuming that gas adsorption takes place on the surfaces of lamellar crystals. Crystallization of iPP from n-butane and n-heptane generates foams of lower mesoporosity and smaller surface area. These more “liquid-like” solvents do not allow the formation of an open network of mesopores or they promote its collapse upon their removal. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 617-627, 1998
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpenetrating and pseudo-interpenetrating polymer networks of polyethylacrylate and zeolite 13X (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 673-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyethylacrylate ; interpenetrating polymer networks ; zeolite 13X ; pseudo IPN ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Free radical polymerization of liquid ethylacrylate in the presence of zeolite 13X yielded PIPNs without crosslinker and IPNs if the crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was present. We studied these materials both unextracted as well as partially extracted with a variety of solvents using DSC, SEM as well as Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). These studies suggest that in the composites polyethylacrylate chains entered the internal pores of the zeolite. These chains had an extended state and did not exhibit a bulk glass transition, a similar behavior to that previously reported for polystyrene/zeolite 13X composite. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nano-structured, semicrystalline polymer foams (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 3063-3072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nano-structured foams ; semicrystalline polymers ; small-angle scattering ; platelet model ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Semicrystalline polymers gelled from thermally quenched semidilute solutions can, in some cases, be supercritically dried to produce nano-structured foams of exceedingly high specific surface area. This article investigates the nano-morphology of these semicrystalline foams. The common morphological feature that these systems display in small-angle scattering can be described by uncorrelated lamellar platelets. The morphological details, which can be obtained using microscopy and small-angle scattering, indicate that these low-density systems occupy a morphological niche between polymeric crystallites from dilute solutions, and spherulitic crystals derived from concentrated solutions and melts. Because these crystalline morphologies occur in concentration ranges between dilute and concentrated, they may offer simple insight into the mechanisms available for distortion of ideal, dilute-solution-derived crystallites as polymer concentration is increased. Several mechanisms for the observed distortions are proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macroscopic polymer analogues (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 3147-3154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: glass microfiber ; scattering ; polymer ; nonwoven fabrics ; polymer analogue ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Disordered fiber mats made of glass microfibers (GMF) were studied using small-angle light scattering (SALS), ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), SEM, and optical microscopy. The morphological scaling of these materials in the micron scale was very similar to that of polymers in the nanometer scale. In some fiber mats, such as GMF, the structure is randomized at the time of formation, leading to a statistical analogy with the thermal randomization that occurs in nanometer-scale, high polymers. Analogues for the coil radius-of-gyration, persistence unit, and scaling regimes exist in such fiber mats and may be a useful feature both for modeling thermally equilibrated polymeric systems, as well as furthering the understanding of the physical properties of fiber mats through analogy with the theoretical understanding of thermally equilibrated polymeric systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 3147-3154, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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