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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie 11 (1999), S. 296-306 
    ISSN: 1439-0981
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Subtrochantäre Femurfraktur ; Biologische Osteosynthese ; Kondylenplatte ; Key words Subtrochanteric femur fracture ; Biological osteosynthesis ; Condylar blade plate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objectives Stabilization of subtrochanteric fractures through indirect reduction to avoid significant devascularisation of the fragments. Balanced proximal and distal fixation with condylar blade plate. Indications Comminuted closed or open subtrochanteric femur fractures, especially with extension to the base of the femoral neck. Contraindications None; in multiple injured patients with life-threatening injuries. Surgical Technique Stabilization with condylar blade plate. Capsulotomy to control the correct positioning of the blade insertion before reduction. Reduction with the help of the side-plate, aiming for length and rotation, but not for antomic reduction of fragments. Tension of the side-plate with tensioning device, if applicable. Postoperative Care Early mobilization with partial weight bearing, if possible starting on the second postoperative day. Results From 1992 to 1995, 25 patients with subtrochanteric fractures (Type A: n = 10; Type B: n = 8; Type C: n = 7 [according to AO classification]; 4 open fractures) were treated with condylar blade plate within 48 hours after injury. Mean operation time 1.9 hours (range, 0.75 to 3.54 hours), intraoperative blood loss 1300 ml (range, 500 to 3700 ml). Normal fracture healing: 24/25. Delayed union: 1/25 due to infection of an open fracture (Gustilo IIIB); after 3 debridements and after re-osteosynthesis with a waved condylar blade plate consolidation of the fracture. Malunion: 3/25, but intertrochanteric correction of varus and rotational malalignment was only needed in 1 patient. Removal of condylar blade plate in 2 patients because of chronic irritation of the greater trochanter.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Operationsziel Indirekte Reposition von subtrochantären Frakturen über die Ligamentotaxis ohne chirurgische Traumatisierung der Frakturzone (keine devaskularisierten Fragmente!) und übungsstabile Osteosynthese mit einer Kondylenplatte. Indikationen Geschlossene und offene subtrochantäre Trümmerfrakturen des Femurs, insbesondere bei Beteiligung der Schenkelhalsbasis. Kontraindikationen Keine, außer bei polytraumatisierten Patienten mit lebensbedrohlichen Verletzungen. Operationstechnik Osteosynthese mit einer Kondylenplatte. Kapsulotomie, um die korrekte Position der Klinge zu prüfen. Reposition der Fraktur an den Schaft der Kondylenplatte unter Kontrolle von Länge, Rotation und Achse, aber ohne anatomische Reposition der einzelnen Fragmente. Kompression der Fraktur, falls möglich, mit dem Spanngerät. Weiterbehandlung Frühe funktionelle Nachbehandlung mit 15 kg Teilbelastung ab zweitem postoperativen Tag. Ergebnisse: Von 1992 bis 1995 wurden 25 Patienten mit subtrochantärer Femurfraktur (Typ A: n = 10; Typ B. n = 8; Typ C: n = 7 [nach AO-Klassifikation]; vier offene Frakturen) mit Kondylenplatte behandelt. Operationszeit: im Mittel 1,9 Stunden; intraoperativer Blutverlust: durchschnittlich 1300 ml. Normale Frakturheilung: 24/25 Patienten. Komplikationen: Infektpseudarthrose: n = 1. Konsolidation der Fraktur nach mehrfachen Débridements und Reosteosynthese mit Wellenplatte. Achsenfehlstellungen: n = 3 (Varus: n = 2; Verkürzung. n = 1; intertrochantäre Korrekturosteotomie: n = 1). Entfernung der Platte wegen chronischer Trochanterirritation: n = 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta informatica 34 (1997), S. 637-652 
    ISSN: 1432-0525
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. We address the task of measuring the relative speed (speedup) of two systems $A$ and $B$ for solving the same problem. For example, $B$ may be a parallel algorithm, parametrized by the number of processors used, whose running time has to be related to a serial standard algorithm $A$ . If $A$ and/or $B$ are randomized or if we are interested in their performance on a (discrete) probability distribution of problem instances, the running times are described by random variables $T^A$ and $T^B$ . The speedup of $B$ over $A$ is usually defined as $E(T^A)/E(T^B)$ where $E$ denotes the expected value. In many cases this definition is not appropriate for the user of $A$ or $B$ , because the summation in $E(T^A)$ and $E(T^B)$ hides information about the speedup of individual runs. We propose an alternative speedup definition of the form $M(T^A/ T^B)$ and present a set of intuitive functional equations, which any such function $M(T^A/T^B)$ should fulfill. Finally, we prove that the weighted geometric mean is the only solution of these equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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