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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble leucocyte adhesion molecules in diabetic retinopathy stimulate retinal capillary endothelial cell migration (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1166-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetic retinopathy ; leucocyte ; adhesion ; angiogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetic retinal neovascularisation is considered to be a consequence of retinal ischaemia caused by capillary occlusion. Capillary occlusion is the result of microvascular thrombi in which erythrocytes, platelets and leucocytes each may play a role. We investigated the role of leucocytes in this process and the subsequent angiogenic response. We studied the serum levels of the soluble leucocyte adhesion molecules soluble E-Selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the serum of 93 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and varying degrees of retinopathy and 47 healthy age and sex matched control subjects. We also measured the ability of serum to stimulate retinal capillary endothelial cell migration using an assay of angiogenesis in vitro. Soluble E-Selectin and sVCAM-1 levels were raised in all patients with IDDM (p 〈 0.001; p 〈 0.001) particularly those with retinopathy (p 〈 0.001; p 〈 0.001). Soluble E-Selectin levels were highest in the patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p 〈 0.001) and sVCAM-1 levels were highest in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p 〈 0.01). In contrast soluble ICAM-1 levels were the same in patients and control subjects (p 〉 0.05). Soluble E-Selectin levels in diabetic patients were correlated with the level of glycated haemoglobin (p 〈 0.05). Retinal endothelial cell migration-inducing (ECMI) activity was increased in patients with IDDM (p 〈 0.01) in particular in those with retinopathy (p 〈 0.01). Furthermore, in vitro ECMI activity could be blocked by antibodies to sVCAM-1 and sE-Selectin. These data point to a functional role for leucocyte adhesion in the microvasculopathy of diabetic retinopathy and may have implications for the induction of retinal angiogenesis. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1166–1171]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050802
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model system for the study of human retinal angiogenesis: activation of monocytes and endothelial cells and the association with the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter type 1 (MCT-1) (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 870-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Retina ; angiogenesis ; growth factors ; ischaemia ; diabetic retinopathy ; monocarboxylate transporter type 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The growth of retinal vessels is associated with a number of disease conditions, including diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreo-retinopathy. In this study we describe a model of human retinal angiogenesis and show how this may be used to explain the mechanisms that are associated with the growth of new retinal vessels. Methods. A 4 mm diameter disc of retinal tissue was placed within a fibrin matrix and the appearance was monitored daily by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical techniques were used for the detection of, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD68, the Ki-67 antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocarboxylate transporter type 1 and von Willebrand's factor. Results. Vessels were evident extending from the periphery of the explant and the activation of endothelial cells was shown by immuno-peroxidase staining of paraffin embedded sections of the explants for the expression of the Ki-67 antigen, a marker of cell proliferation. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and von Willebrand's factor increased with duration in culture and the presence of activated macrophages or microglia or both was shown by positive immunoreactivity for CD68 and Ki-67 and were identified by day 3. The presence of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor and the activation of monocarboxylate transporter type 1 by vascular endothelial growth factor, showed the involvement of specific growth factors. Conclusion/interpretation. The explant model provides evidence for the involvement of macrophages and glial fibrillary acidic protein activation in human retinal angiogenesis and for the expression of monocarboxylate transporter type 1, which is likely to be important in the use of lactate in the hypoxic retina. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 870–877]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051240
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and Raman analyses of the (A1−x Pb x ) TiO3(A=Ca, Sr, Ba) perovskites (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 4930-4935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Powder X-ray diffraction and laser Raman spectroscopy were used to study systematically the structural and dynamical changes in three series of plumbous perovskites of composition Ba1−xPbxTiO3Sr1−xPbxTiO3 and Ca1−xPbxTiO3 with 0 〈x 〈 1. For the latter two series prominent phase transitions were found atx ca. 0.5 and 0.55, respectively. As well, Raman spectroscopy provided the means to track the evolution of active vibrational modes characteristic of the end-members across the doping range. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra showed that the ferroelectric transition temperature of the (Ca, Pb) series can be tailored over a wide temperature range by judicious doping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01154506
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of collision energy and strain accumulation on the kinetics of mechanical alloying (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 3157-3162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of mechanical alloying have been investigated by examining the effect that ball mass has on the rate at which titanium carbide forms from the elements. By varying the ball density while keeping the ball diameter and the charge ratio constant, the collision energy was independently controlled. Grinding media with a density from 3.8 g cm-3 (agate) to 16.4 g cm-3 (tungsten carbide) were used. The reaction rate increases exponentially with ball mass until a critical level is reached, which is determined by the induced temperature rise. Above this level, collisions of higher energy have no advantage. It is also shown that the reaction rate increases exponentially with the rate at which strain accumulates in the reactants. It is suggested that the strain accumulation rate in mechanically induced reactions is analogous to temperature in thermally induced chemical reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018646616814
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