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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of photoinduced Faraday rotation in semimagnetic semiconductors (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2615-2617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved Faraday rotation measurements on a nanosecond time scale are performed for Cd1−xMnxTe samples grown by two different techniques. The dependence of the observed photoinduced dynamics on the purity, Mn++ concentration (x=0.03, 0.10, 0.15, 0.3), excitation density, and temperature (100–290 K) reveals several novel features. The relaxation for pure samples is monoexponential at 100 K and is slowing down with increasing temperature, in strong contrast to impure samples, where the opposite behavior is observed. All experimental observations can be well explained in a simple model based on rate equations for the free-carrier populations, provided that recombination centers and impurity traps are included in the model. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116199
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically induced polarization rotations in CdTe/CdMnTe multiple quantum wells (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1940-1942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report large polarization state rotations of a weak pulsed beam in CdTe/CdMnTe quantum wells photoinduced by intense circularly polarized pulsed pump beam. Time-resolved analysis of the effect shows that, at moderate pump fluences, the polarization state rotation is due to the combined effect of many-body interactions and spectral hole burning at early times and to photoinduced magnetization at longer ones. At higher pump fluences, space filling and degenerate four-wave mixing become important. At low pump fluences (few μJ/cm2) already the polarization rotation photoinduced at early times can be as large as a few degrees making these multiple quantum wells potential candidates for applications. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122329
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-carrier induced saturation of the Faraday rotation in semimagnetic semiconductors (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2043-2045 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large photoinduced Faraday rotations of the polarization direction of a probe beam traveling through a semimagnetic semiconductor are obtained at temperatures higher than that of liquid nitrogen when a pump pulse is sent through the material. These rotations are quasiproportional to the photoinduced free-carrier density and the applied magnetic field and are strongly resonant with the band-gap-probe frequency detuning. A model based on the free-carrier induced saturation of the refractive indices explains well the experimental observations. The high values obtained for the photoinduced polarization rotations (more than 1° pJ−1 μm2) make such a process attractive for the design of optical signal processing devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113686
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medicine, Animal Experimentation, and the Moral Problem of Unfortunate Humans (1996)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Social philosophy & policy 13 (1996), S. 181-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-0525
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science , Sociology
    Notes: We live in an age of great scientific and technological innovation, and what seemed out of the question or at least very doubtful only a few years ago, today lies almost within our grasp. In no area is this more true than that of human health care, where lifesaving and life-enhancing technologies have given, or have the enormous potential in the not so distant future to give, relief from some of the most terrible human illnesses. On two fronts in particular, xenograft or cross-species transplantation and genetic engineering of animals on behalf of gene therapy in humans, such relief appears very promising, if not actually on the horizon. Certainly, extensive research work on both fronts is underway both in the United States and abroad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500003514
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of proteinuria in phase I studies in healthy male subjects (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Drug development ; Nephrotoxicity ; Pro- teinuria ; Albuminuria ; α1-Microglobulin ; N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The quantitative measurement of urinary marker proteins may improve the sensitivity of monitoring renal function in healthy male subjects in phase I studies. Little is known about the variability of physiological proteinuria in young, healthy male subjects. Thus, the biological and analytical variability of three marker proteins, i.e. albumin, α1-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), were investigated in this population. Methods: Seven young, healthy male subjects participated in a prospective two-way cross-over study, and 139 in a retrospective study. Albumin and α1-microglobulin were determined by immunological methods (radial immunodiffusion and/or kinetic nephelometry), and NAG by enzyme activity in a colorimetric assay. Results: The inter-assay precision of NAG, albumin and α1-microglobulin is good (〈15%) if automated kinetic nephelometry is applied for albumin and α1-microglobulin determination, but less impressive (〈25%) with radial immunodiffusion. The highest frequency of detectable proteinuria and highest creatinine-adjusted protein levels are found in the second morning urine voided after a night's rest. The intra-individual biological variability of NAG excretion from day to day is low (CV: 15–25%), irrespective of outpatient or inpatient settings. By contrast, albumin and α1-microglobulin excretion can differ by a factor of 2–3 from day to day, and higher levels are predominantly found in outpatient settings. The reference ranges for young, healthy male subjects are generally lower than published in cross-sectional studies in the total healthy population. Conclusion: These findings and established reference ranges for young, healthy male subjects may assist in the evaluation of proteinuria in clinical pharmacological phase I trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050461
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Well-Being in Chinese Cities (1997)
    Springer
    Social indicators research 42 (1997), S. 77-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0921
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Does human well-being vary substantially across regions within China and, if so, what forces have contributed to this variation? There are four macro-social change theories that shed light on this question: modernization theory, dependency/world-systems theory, state theory, and human ecology theory. No known study has examined all four theories simultaneously or used recent data. We fill this gap by reporting the results of a study examining the effects of industrialization, foreign penetration, state investment, and population growth (as well as several control variables) on the urban variation of three alternative forms of human well-being in China during the late 1980s. Results provide support for both state theory and human ecology theory, but they provide little or no support for modernization theory and dependency/world systems theory. Implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006890513754
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Political Democracy and the Physical Quality of Life: The Cross-National Evidence (1999)
    Springer
    Social indicators research 47 (1999), S. 73-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0921
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Why do some countries have a high quality of life? One important explanation is that political democracy fosters life quality. Proponents of this perspective argue that political democracy acts to center the public agenda on state actions that enhance life quality. The cross-national effects of democracy (and several alternative variables) on the physical quality of life were examined for 87 countries at three points in time: 1970, 1980, and 1990. Results indicate the existence of a strong positive relationship between democracy and life quality for all three time periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006967124534
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Elektrokonvulsionstherapie in der klinischen Praxis (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 410-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter EKT ; Klinische Anwendung ; Biologische Therapie psychotischer Störungen ; Key words ECT ; Clinical applications ; Biological therapy of psychotic disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Between September 1st, 1994, and the end of August, 1995, 3% of all inpatients (21 of 731) were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at the Department of General Psychiatry at the University Hospital for Psychiatry in Vienna. These patients suffered from psychotic and/or therapy-resistant depression (n=15), therapy-resistant schizoaffective psychosis (n=3), and catatonic schizophrenia (n=3). ECT was administered in short-time anaesthetised and muscle relaxed patients. On average, each patient was treated with ECT on 9 non-consecutive days. As a rule, electrodes were placed unilaterally over the non-dominant hemisphere at the beginning. In four cases electrodes were placed bifronto-temporally. To be considered as effective the seizure had to last for at least 25 s. In shorter seizure duration ECT was repeated up to a maximum of three times in one session. With this procedure a reduction in clinical global impressions of –3.7 points was achieved in ECT-treated patients, who had been considered to be ”severely” to ”most severely” ill according to CGI before starting ECT. ECT proved to be effective for treating severe depression and catatonic schizophrenia, with only minor and reversible side effects. For establishing a favorable relation between good clinical outcome and remarkably few side effects, the following factors seem to be of importance, in accordance with the literature: (1) application of biphasic short-impulse stimuli in anaesthetised and muscle relaxed patients; (2) measurement of static impedance to avoid high skin impedance and short circuits. (3) at the beginning of each ECT series unilateral electrode placement over the non-dominant hemisphere; (4) ECT three times weekly on non-consecutive days.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An der Klinischen Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie der Wiener Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie wurden vom 1. September 1994 bis 31. August 1995 drei Prozent aller stationär aufgenommenen Patienten (21 von 731) mittels Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) behandelt. Diese Patienten litten an wahnhafter bzw. therapierefraktärer Depression (n=15), therapierefraktärer schizoaffektiver Psychose (n=3) oder katatoner Schizophrenie (n=3). Die EKT wurde in Kurzzeitvollnarkose und unter Muskelrelaxation durchgeführt. Durchschnittlich wurde jeder Patient an 9 nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mit der EKT behandelt. Die EKT erfolgte in der Regel anfangs unilateral, in 4 Fällen wurden die Elektroden bilateral plaziert. Der zerebrale Anfall sollte mindestens 25 s im EEG dauern. Bei kürzeren Anfällen wurde die Behandlung wiederholt, maximal wurde 3mal an einem Tag behandelt. Damit ließ sich eine Abnahme im CGI-Score um durchschnittlich –3,7 erzielen, wobei alle behandelten Patienten vor Beginn der EKT als „schwer” bis „extrem schwer krank” eingestuft worden waren. Die EKT erwies sich bei den vorgestellten Fällen als wirksames und nebenwirkungsarmes Heilverfahren zur Akutbehandlung schwerer depressiver und kataton-schizophrener Syndrome. Für das günstige Verhältnis von erzielter klinischer Besserung zu relativ geringen und reversiblen unerwünschten Wirkungen erwiesen sich folgende Faktoren, im Einklang mit der Literatur, als günstig: 1. Applikation von Kurzimpulsstimuli unter Vollnarkose und Muskelrelaxation; 2. Impedanzmessung zur Vermeidung hoher Hautwiderstände bzw. Kurzschlüsse zwischen den Behandlungselektroden; 3. unilaterale Elektrodenplazierung über der nichtdominanten Hemisphäre zu Behandlungsbeginn; 4. EKT 3mal wöchentlich an nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050143
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomere Bis- und Tris(amide) des Indiums (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1060-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)indium; bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)indium bromide; indium amides; X ray structure analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Monomeric Bis and Tris(amides) of IndiumThe synthesis of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)indium 1 and of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)indium bromide 2 are described. Both compounds were characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. They are monomeric in solution and gasphase. A crystal structure analysis of 1, also described in this work, proofs monomeric 1 in the solid state, too.
    Notes: Die Darstellung von Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)indium 1 und von Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)-indiumbromid 2 werden beschrieben. Beide Verbindungen wurden NMR und massenspektroskopisch untersucht. Sie liegen in Lösung und Gasphase monomer vor. Die Analyse der Kristallstruktur von 1 belegt dessen monomeres Vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220621
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