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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1294-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Community-acquired infections ; Bacterial pneumonia ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To create a predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients needing Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Design Multicenter prospective study Setting Twenty-six Spanish ICUs. Patients One hundred seven patients with CAP, all of them with accurate etiological diagnosis, divided in three groups according to their etiology in typical (bacterial pneumonia),Legionella and other atypical (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia spp. and virus). For the multivariate analysis we groupedLegionella and other atypical etiologies in the same category. Methods We recorded 34 variables including clinical characteristics, risk factors and radiographic pattern. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find out a predictive model. Results We have the complete data in 70 patients. Four variables: APACHE II, (categorized as a dummy variable) serum sodium and phosphorus and “length of symptoms” gave an accurate predictive model (c=0.856). From the model we created a score that predicts typical pneumonia with a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity 72.4%. Conclusion Our model is an attempt to help in the treatment approach to CAP in ICU patients based on a predictive model of basic clinical and laboratory information. Further studies, including larger numbers of patients, should validate and investigate the utility of this model in different clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1294-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Community-acquired infections ; Bacterial pneumonia ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To create a predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients needing Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Design: Multicenter prospective study. Setting: Twenty-six Spanish ICUs. Patients: One hundred seven patients with CAP, all of them with accurate etiological diagnosis, divided in three groups according to their etiology in typical (bacterial pneumonia), Legionella and other atypical (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia spp. and virus). For the multivariate analysis we grouped Legionella and other atypical etiologies in the same category. Methods: We recorded 34 variables including clinical characteristics, risk factors and radiographic pattern. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find out a predictive model. Results: We have the complete data in 70 patients. Four variables: APACHE II, (categorized as a dummy variable) serum sodium and phosphorus and “length of symptoms” gave an accurate predictive model (c=0.856). From the model we created a score that predicts typical pneumonia with a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity 72.4%. Conclusion: Our model is an attempt to help in the treatment approach to CAP in ICU patients based on a predictive model of basic clinical and laboratory information. Further studies, including larger numbers of patients, should validate and investigate the utility of this model in different clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709541
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First order transitions by conduction calorimetry: Application to deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate ferroelastic crystal under uniaxial pressure (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2584-2589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The specific heat c and the heat power W exchanged by a Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ferroelectric-ferroelastic crystal have been measured simultaneously for both decreasing and increasing temperature at a low constant rate (0.06 K/h) between 175 and 240 K. The measurements were carried out under controlled uniaxial stresses of 0.3 and 4.5±0.1 bar applied to face (110). At Tt=207.9 K, a first order transition is produced with anomalous specific heat behavior in the interval where the transition heat appears. This anomalous behavior is explained in terms of the temperature variation of the heat power during the transition. During cooling, the transition occurs with coexistence of phases, while during heating it seems that metastable states are reached. Excluding data affected by the transition heat, the specific heat behavior agrees with the predictions of a 2-4-6 Landau potential in the range of 4–15 K below Tt while logarithmic behavior is obtained in the range from Tt to 1 K below Tt. Data obtained under 0.3 and 4.5 bar uniaxial stresses exhibit the same behavior. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363922
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental device for measuring the influence of a uniaxial stress on specific heat: Application to the strontium titanate ferroelastic crystal (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5288-5291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A conduction calorimeter where the sample is pressed between two identical heat fluxmeters, each having 50 chromel–constantan thermocouples, is described. The fluxmeters were built to obtain linear heat conduction and with enough rigidity to apply a controlled uniaxial stress on the sample. The method of measurement, together with the fact that the sensors themselves apply the stress to the sample, allow us to obtain absolute values of the specific heat. The specific heat of strontium titanate ferroelastic crystal is measured without stress and under an applied uniaxial stress on the face (110). The measurements were carried out while cooling the sample at a constant rate of 0.06 K/h. The data obtained at intervals of 0.02 K are compared with those obtained with an unannealed and an annealed sample, respectively. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146100
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependent study of a multi-ionic xenon plasma (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of a low pressure xenon discharge plasma was analyzed by using a collisional-radiative model. The calculations reproduce the main features of the temporal evolution of xenon spontaneous emission lines experimentally observed under the pulsed regime. The analysis includes transitions belonging to several xenon species (Xe I–Xe VIII). More than 100 measured lines were considered in this study. The pressure and discharge voltage dependence of the temporal emission distribution (time delay, shapes, and intensity maximum position), obtained from the calculation, are in agreement with the experimental results. The main excitation-deexcitation processes are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369422
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shoot and root physiological responses to localized zones of soil moisture in cultivated and wild lettuce (Lactuca spp.) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cultivated crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has a shallower root system than its wild relative, Lactuca serriola L. The effects of localized soil water, at depth, on plant water relations, gas exchange and root distribution were examined in the two species using soil columns with the soil hydraulic-ally separated into two layers, at (0–20 cm and 20–81) cm, but permitting root growth between the layers. Three treatments were imposed on 7-week-old plants, and maintained for 4 weeks: (i) watering, both layers to field capacity; (ii) drying the upper layer while watering the lower layer to field capacity, and (iii) drying both layers.Drying only 0–20 cm of soil had no effect on leaf water status, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance or biomass production in L. serriola compared to a well-watered control, but caused a short-term reduction (10 d) in leaf water status and photosynthesis in L. sativa that reduced final shoot production. The different responses may be explained by differences in root distribution. Just before the treatments commenced, L. serriola had 50% of total root length at 20–80 cm compared to 35% in L. sativa. Allocation of total biomass to roots in L. serriola was approximately double that in L. sativa. The wild species could provide germplasm for cultivated lettuces to extract more soil water from depth, which may improve irrigation efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00432.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply (1996)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 16 (1996), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of a variable water supply on the water use, growth and yield of two crisphead and one romaine (i.e., Cos) lettuce cultivar were examined in a field experiment using a line source sprinkler system that produced a range of water regimes that occur in growers fields. Four locations at increasing distances from the main line were monitored through the season (i.e., from thinning to harvest, 28–63 days after planting (DAP)). These locations at the end of the season corresponded to: (1) rewatering to field capacity (FC); (2) watering with a volume 13% below that required in the field capacity treatment (0.87*FC); (3) 30% below FC (0.70*FC); and (4) 55% below FC (0.45*FC). A linear production function for dry matter accumulation and fresh weight vs. crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined for lettuce during this period, giving a water use efficiency for dry matter of 1.86 g m−2 mm−1 and for fresh weight of 48 g m−2 mm−1 . For lettuce irrigated to field capacity, ETc between thinning and harvest was 146 mm; maximum crop coefficients of 0.81–1.02 were obtained at maturity (55–63 DAP). For the three irrigation treatments receiving the largest water application, ETc was higher in the Cos culivar than in the two crisphead lettuce cultivars which had similar ETc. Plant fresh weight was more sensitive than dry weight to reduction in water supply. In the FC treatment, root length density and soil water extraction were greatest in the top 0–45 cm, and decreased rapidly below 45 cm depth. Soil water extraction by roots increased at lower depths when irrigation was reduced. Instantaneous rates of leaf photosynthesis and leaf water potential showed no response to the irrigation treatments in this study, despite differences in biomass production. Evaporation was determined to be the major component of ETc for 45 of the 63 days of the growing season. The large loss of water by evaporation during mid-season and the apparent insensitivity of lettuce to the volume of irrigation during this period may provide an opportunity for reducing irrigation applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02215620
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply (1996)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 16 (1996), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract   The effects of a variable water supply on the water use, growth and yield of two crisphead and one romaine (i.e., Cos) lettuce cultivar were examined in a field experiment using a line source sprinkler system that produced a range of water regimes that occur in growers fields. Four locations at increasing distances from the main line were monitored through the season (i.e., from thinning to harvest, 28–63 days after planting (DAP)). These locations at the end of the season corresponded to: (1) rewatering to field capacity (FC); (2) watering with a volume 13% below that required in the field capacity treatment (0.87*FC); (3) 30% below FC (0.70*FC); and (4) 55% below FC (0.45*FC). A linear production function for dry matter accumulation and fresh weight vs. crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined for lettuce during this period, giving a water use efficiency for dry matter of 1.86 g m–2 mm–1 and for fresh weight of 48 g m–2 mm–1. For lettuce irrigated to field capacity, ETc between thinning and harvest was 146 mm; maximum crop coefficients of 0.81–1.02 were obtained at maturity (55–63 DAP). For the three irrigation treatments receiving the largest water application, ETc was higher in the Cos culivar than in the two crisphead lettuce cultivars which had similar ETc. Plant fresh weight was more sensitive than dry weight to reduction in water supply. In the FC treatment, root length density and soil water extraction were greatest in the top 0–45 cm, and decreased rapidly below 45 cm depth. Soil water extraction by roots increased at lower depths when irrigation was reduced. Instantaneous rates of leaf photosynthesis and leaf water potential showed no response to the irrigation treatments in this study, despite differences in biomass production. Evaporation was determined to be the major component of ETc for 45 of the 63 days of the growing season. The large loss of water by evaporation during mid-season and the apparent insensitivity of lettuce to the volume of irrigation during this period may provide an opportunity for reducing irrigation applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002710050011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral Study of Ionized Xenon Using a Capillary Pulsed Discharge (1997)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 256 (1997), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work presents preliminaries spectroscopic results about ionized xenon and xenon-helium mixture using a capillary pulsed discharge under several experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001140519631
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast method of molecular shape comparison: A simple application of a Gaussian description of molecular shape (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 17 (1996), S. 1653-1666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A Gaussian description of molecular shape is used to compare the shapes of two molecules by analytically optimizing their volume intersection. The method is applied to predict the relative orientation of ligand series binding to the proteins, thrombin, HIV protease, and thermolysin. The method is also used to quantify the degree of chirality of asymmetric molecules and to investigate the chirality of biphenyl and the amino acids. The shape comparison method uses the newly described shape multipoles that can also be used to describe the inherent shape of molecules. Some results of calculated shape quadrupoles are given for the ligands used in this work. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.7
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