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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and Young’s modulus of thin TiO2 films (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 290-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Densities, ρ, of thin TiO2 layers, produced by reactive evaporation (RE) and ion plating (IP) have been analyzed by means of grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR). Depending on the deposition conditions, the layers are amorphous or polycrystalline, with densities between 2.9 g/cm3 and 3.9 g/cm3. Young’s moduli, E, have been analyzed for 280 nm and 500 nm thick layers by means of surface acoustic wave spectroscopy (SAWS) and vary between 65 GPa for RE films and 147 GPa for IP layers. The values are independent of film thickness, but correlate with the density. A phase transition of the TiO2 films from the amorphous state to anatase occurs at temperatures above 210°C and increases the Young’s modulus significantly, whereas the density remains unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050409
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and Young’s modulus of thin TiO2 films (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Densities, ρ, of thin TiO2 layers, produced by reactive evaporation (RE) and ion plating (IP) have been analyzed by means of grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR). Depending on the deposition conditions, the layers are amorphous or polycrystalline, with densities between 2.9 g/cm3 and 3.9 g/cm3. Young’s moduli, E, have been analyzed for 280 nm and 500 nm thick layers by means of surface acoustic wave spectroscopy (SAWS) and vary between 65 GPa for RE films and 147 GPa for IP layers. The values are independent of film thickness, but correlate with the density. A phase transition of the TiO2 films from the amorphous state to anatase occurs at temperatures above 210°C and increases the Young’s modulus significantly, whereas the density remains unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050416
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of melting on the excitation of surface acoustic wave pulses by UV nanosecond laser pulses in silicon (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55; 43.00; 62.00; 65.00; 68.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The influence of melting on the excitation of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) pulses in silicon is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The developed theory of Rayleigh-type SAW laser-induced thermoelastic excitation in a structure composed of a liquid layer on a solid substrate predicts that the SAW is predominantly generated in the solid phase due to the absence of shear rigidity in a liquid. The characteristic changes in the SAW pulse shape as well as the saturation and even the decrease of the SAW pulse amplitude observed above the melting threshold are explained theoretically to be a result of the decrease of the heat flux into the solid phase as well as due to the decrease of the volume of the solid phase caused by melting. Although the heat flux into the solid phase is decreased both as a consequence of the reflectivity increase and the additional energy losses (latent heat of melting) at the phase transition, it is demonstrated that the influence of reflectivity changes on the SAW pulse is negligible in comparison with the effect of melt-front motion. For laser pulses of 7 ns duration at 355 nm, the threshold value of laser fluence for melting F m= 0.23±0.04 J/cm2 and for the ablation F a=1.3±0.2 J/cm2 were determined experimentally as the points of characteristic changes in the observed SAW pulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation of higher harmonics in transient laser gratings by an ablative mechanism (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1640-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser-induced transient gratings were excited at the surface of an aluminum film by picosecond laser pulses. The counterpropagating surface acoustic waves with a fundamental frequency of 70 MHz that were launched were monitored outside the source region by laser probe beam deflection. The second and third harmonics were observed for ablative interaction of the laser radiation with the aluminum surface. A simple model is presented that describes the effects on the basis of nonlinear photoacoustic signal generation at the source due to a nonsinusoidal driving force. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122231
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and stochastic modeling of surface chemistry of amorphous silicon growth (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6096-6105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the formation of silicon hydride surface species during the F2 laser (157 nm) chemical vapor deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H). A one-dimensional stochastic model has been applied to simulate the growing surface. The predictions of the model were compared to the results of Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy providing submonolayer resolution. We present a qualitative analysis of the bonding configuration in the initial stage of film growth on H-terminated Si(111). The high sensitivity and resolution of the spectroscopic method allowed us to distinguish between four surface species by a deconvolution of the observed feature around 2100 cm−1 during the deposition process. The theoretical results for the evolution of the different surface species and bulk hydrogen are in close agreement with these spectra. Consistence between mass spectrometric data and simulation was also achieved for the growth rate and bulk hydrogen content as a function of disilane partial pressure and laser intensity. The good agreement between experiment and simulation obtained in this work indicates that it is possible to describe the main features of the complex chemical system of the growing film with a model based on a few dominant surface reactions. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boson mapping of symplectic algebras with Abelian subalgebra mapped as coordinates (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 1123-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: An extended Dyson and Holstein-Primakoff boson mapping is constructed for coordinate systems. Only functions which depend on even powers in the coordinates are considered. It is shown that the Holstein-Primakoff boson mapping for coordinate systems is different from the one using creation and annihilation operators, with some advantages in application. As an example the mapping is applied to the schematic model of constant gauge fields in Quantum-Chromo-Dynamics with SU(2) for color. Other possible applications related to field theory are briefly discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of photothermal depth profiling via Rayleigh-type surface acoustic wave detection (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 62.00 ; 65.00 ; 68.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical description is derived for the frequency spectrum of quasi-Rayleigh waves excited thermoelastically by a pulsed laser in a system composed of a solid film on a solid substrate. The relative magnitude of the film and the substrate contributions to the excited quasi-Rayleigh wave depends on their thermoelastic parameters, namely the relative efficiency of photoacoustic conversion in the film and in the substrate, and also significantly on the frequency, because of the redistribution of absorbed laser energy between the film and the substrate through thermal conductivity. Consequently, the frequency spectrum of the surface acoustic wave pulse contains information on the characteristic time of heat conduction in the film and correspondingly on film thickness and the ratio of thermal effusivities of the layer and the substrate. The theory developed should have applications in non-destructive photoacoustic diagnostics of thin films and coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538195
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of photothermal depth profiling via Rayleigh-type surface acoustic wave detection (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 62.00; 65.00; 68.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538195
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Acoustic Waves (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 227-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538186
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and elastic properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon films studied by broadband surface acoustic wave spectroscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS62.00; 42.00; 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Mechanical and elastic properties of a-Si:H films were measured by broadband Surface Acoustic Wave Spectroscopy (SAWS). In the frequency range achieved, the SAW dispersion curves extend to 300 MHz, which allowed the density, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio to be evaluated for films grown by laser CVD or plasma CVD with different hydrogen concentrations. The films deposited by either method have the best mechanical and elastic properties at a hydrogen concentration of about 10 at. %. For this material, a density of ( $2300 \pm 20$ ) kg/m $^3$ and Young's modulus of ( $134 \pm 5$ ) GPa was determined. The network structures of amorphous silicon are discussed by applying the constraint-counting model to estimate the mean coordination number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538192
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