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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 1026-1033 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical model for electron-impact total ionization cross sections, which has been found to be reliable for a wide range of molecules, is applied to molecules of interest to atmospheric science. The new theory, the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model, combines the binary-encounter theory and the Bethe theory for electron-impact ionization, and uses simple theoretical data for the ground state of the target molecule, which are readily available from molecular structure codes. Total ionization cross sections of 11 molecules, CS, CS2, COS, CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2, N2O, O3, S2, and SO2, are presented for incident electron energies from threshold to 1 keV with an average accuracy of 15% or better at the cross section peak. We also found that the use of vertical ionization potentials (IPs) rather than adiabatic IPs for the lowest IPs significantly improves BEB cross sections between the threshold and cross section peak for molecules whose adiabatic and vertical IPs are different by ∼1 eV or more (CH4 and NH3). The BEB cross sections are presented in a compact analytic form with a small number of constants, making the cross sections suitable for modeling applications. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 2956-2966 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical model for electron-impact ionization cross sections, which has been developed primarily for atoms and atomic ions, is applied to neutral molecules. The new model combines the binary-encounter theory and the Bethe theory for electron-impact ionization, and uses minimal theoretical data for the ground state of the target molecule, which are readily available from public-domain molecular structure codes such as GAMESS. The theory is called the binary-encounter Bethe (BEB) model, and does not, in principle, involve any adjustable parameters. Applications to 19 molecules, including H2, NO, CH2, C6H6, and SF6, are presented, demonstrating that the BEB model provides total ionization cross sections by electron impact from threshold to several keV with an average accuracy of 15% or better at the cross section peak, except for SiF3. The BEB model can be applied to stable molecules as well as to transient radicals. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1765-1767 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room temperature photoreflectance (PR) was used to investigate the surface state densities of GaAs and In0.52Al0.48As surface intrinsic-n+ structures. The built-in electric field and thus the surface barrier height are evaluated using the observed Franz–Keldysh oscillations in the PR spectra. Based on the thermionic emission theory and current-transport theory, the surface state density as well as the pinning position of the Fermi level can be determined from the dependence of the surface barrier height on the pump beam intensity. Even though this method is significantly simpler, easier to perform, and time efficient compared with other approaches, the results obtained agree with the literature. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3690-3695 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The band gaps, built-in electric field, and surface Fermi level of a series In1−xAlxAs surface-intrinsic-n+ (SIN+) structures have been studied by photoreflectance at room temperature. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with an undoped layer thickness of 1000 Å. Our study indicates that, in contrast to GaAs and AlGaAs, the surface Fermi level is not pinned at midgap over aluminum concentration of 0.42–0.57. The pinning position is composition dependent. The undoped layer was subsequently etched to 800, 600, 400, and 200 Å. Different chemical solutions were used in the etching process and the built-in electric field is found independent of the etching process. Although the surface Fermi level, in general, varies with the undoped layer thicknesses, there exists, for each Al concentration, a certain range of thicknesses within which the surface Fermi level is weakly pinned. From the dependence of electric field and surface Fermi level on the undoped layer thickness, we conclude that the surface states distribute over two separate regions within the energy band gap and the densities of surface states are as low as 1.36±0.05×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for the distribution near the conduction band and 4.38±0.05×1011 cm−2 eV−1 for the distribution near valence band. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2467-2469 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work uses photoreflectance to investigate the band gap, built-in electric field, and surface Fermi level of a series of lattice-matched In0.52Al0.48As surface intrinsic-n+ structures having different undoped layer thickness. Experimental results indicate that the surface Fermi level is weakly pinned. By converting the dependence of the built-in electric field on undoped layer thickness into the dependence of surface state density on the surface Fermi level, this study defines the energy spectrum of the surface state density of InAlAs surface using a Gaussian distribution function. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An MBE grown InGaAs metal semiconductor metal (MSM) photodiode (PD) with an InAlAs barrier enhancement layer is reported that has very low dark current and high speed characteristics. The detector using Cr/Au Schottky metal fingers with 4m spacing on a large active area of 300×300m2 shows a low dark current of 38nA at 10V. This corresponds to a dark current density of 0.42pA/m2 and is, to our knowledge, the best dark current ever obtained from a large area InGaAs MSM PD. The device also shows a low capacitance of 0.8pF and a high 3dB bandwidth of 2.4GHz. By fitting the measured frequency response to a model consisting of both RC time and transit time limited responses, we show that the device has an RC time and a transit time limited 3dB bandwidth of 3.0 and 4.9GHz, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Protein ; arginine methyltransferase ; Inhibitors ; Ginseng extract ; Arginine derivatives ; Basic amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Protein-arginine N-methyltransferase (protein methylase I) catalyzes methylation of arginyl residues on substrate protein posttranslationally utilizing S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor and yields NG-methylarginine residues. Arginyl-fructose and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose from Korean red ginseng were found to inhibit protein methylase I activity in vitro. This inhibitory activity was shown to be due to arginyl moiety in the molecules, rather than that of carbohydrates. Several basic amino acids as well as polyamines were also found to inhibit protein methylase I activity. Interestingly, the intensity of the inhibitory activity was correlated with the number of amino-group in polyamines, thus, in the order of spermine 〉 spermidine 〉 putrescine 〉 agmatine-sulfate, with IC50 at approximately 15 mM, 25 mM, 35 mM, and 50 mM, respectively. On the other hand, neutral amino acids or NaCI did not inhibit the enzyme activity. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis of the protein methylase I activity in the presence of arginine and spermidine indicated that the inhibition was competitive in nature in respect to protein substrate, with the Ki values of 24.8 mM and 11.5 mM, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mechanics of composite materials 31 (1995), S. 290-300 
    ISSN: 1573-8922
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method is presented for maximum strength optimum design of symmetric composite laminates subjected to in-plane and transverse loadings. The finite element method based on shear deformation theory is used for the analysis of composite laminates. Ply orientation angles are chosen as design variables. The quadratic failure criterion which is meant to predict fracture, is used as an object function for optimum stacking sequence design of a laminated plate. The Broydon-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno optimization technique is employed to solve the optimization problem effectively. Numerical results are given for various loading conditions, boundary conditions, and aspect ratios. The results show that the quadratic failure criterion such as Tsai-Hill theory is effective for the optimum structural design of composite laminates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mechanics of composite materials 34 (1998), S. 28-42 
    ISSN: 1573-8922
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Tests of cross-ply composite tubes were performed under combined axial and torsional loading up to failure. Strength properties and failure mechanisms were evaluated with reference to the biaxiality ratio of the loading. The scattering of the biaxial strength data was analyzed using the Weibull distribution. The axial contraction of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) tubes under biaxial loading was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Artificial neural networks were introduced to predict the failure strength using the algorithm of the error back-propagation. The prediction was also made by the Tsai-Wu theory using the experimental data and by the combined optimized tensor-polynomial theory. A comparison shows that the artificial neural network has the smallest root-mean square (RMS) error of the three prediction methods. The prediction of the axial contraction of the tubes correlates well with the results of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) of the testing machine. From the phenomenological analysis of the failure and the fractographic observations of the fracture surface, three types of failure modes and microscopic failure were investigated, depending on the biaxiality ratio, and the corresponding failure mechanisms are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 41 (1998), S. 1077-1085 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: non-singular boundary integral equation ; spectral method ; potential flows ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary spectral method for solving three-dimensional non-lifting potential problems is developed. This method combines spectral approximations and the direct numerical integration such as Gaussian quadrature or trapezoidal rules successfully. The singularities of the integral equation are completely removed by subtracting known solutions from the Laplace equation. After discretization, every element of the resultant matrix only contains integrals with non-singular kernels. Therefore, all the integrals can be implemented easily and efficiently. By spectral approximations, the unknown variable is expressed as a truncated series of basis functions, which are orthogonal usually. Instead of solving the variables at collocation points in the conventional methods, the coefficients of basis functions are determined in the spectral approach. It is shown that the new method reduces a lot of number of unknowns, storage of matrix elements, and computer time for solving the algebraic equations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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