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  • 1995-1999  (9)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Somatostatin and octreotide inhibit basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion, stimulate reticuloendothelial system activity, modulate the cytokine cascade and are cytoprotective with respect to the pancreas. These effects of somatostatin and octreotide suggest that both drugs may be useful either in the treatment of pancreatic disorders, or in preventing acute pancreatitis following procedures on the pancreas.In recent years it has become clear that somatostatin is a useful and effective therapy for severe acute pancreatitis and in preventing complications following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), whereas octreotide has no beneficial effect and may be deleterious in both these indications. The differences in the therapeutic efficacy of somatostatin and octreotide in acute pancreatitis and ERCP appears to be related to their differential effects on sphincter of Oddi motility—the native hormone relaxing, and the analogue increasing, its contractility. Consequently, any beneficial effects of octreotide in both acute pancreatitis and ERCP are offset by the increased contractility of the sphincter of Oddi, which results in retention of activated enzymes within the pancreas and further autodigestion of the gland.Somatostatin and octreotide are equally effective in promoting the closure of pancreatic fistulae. However, the time to closure after commencement of therapy is much more variable and longer in patients treated with subcutaneous octreotide than those receiving intravenous somatostatin, possibly as a result of fluctuations in pancreatic enzyme secretion between consecutive administrations of the hormone.Furthermore, the initial potent inhibitory effect of octreotide on pancreatic secretion is lost after 7 days of continuous subcutaneous administration. Therefore, in terms of cost-effectiveness, somatostatin would appear to be the treatment of choice for pancreatic fistulae.Octreotide markedly reduces the complication rates after elective pancreatic surgery. It remains to be established whether somatostatin is as effective as octreotide in this indication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 4650-4659 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the effects of chronic ethanol intake on hepatic haemodynamics and reticuloendothelial system function in the rat. Comparisons were also made with blood flow to pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and skin. Male Wistar rats, approximately 0.15 kg initial body weight, were fed a diet containing 35% of the total calories as ethanol. Controls were pair-fed identical amounts of the same diet in which ethanol was replaced by isocaloric glucose. The hepatic perfusion index and reticuloendothelial function was determined with [99m Tc]-labelled sulphur colloid [99m Tc]-SC) and blood flow with radiolabelled microspheres under anaesthesia. After 4-5 weeks the weights of liver and skin of alcohol fed rats decreased by 10% (p= 0.040) and 23% (p= 0.024), respectively, compared to controls and there was a small increase in kidney weight (15%, p = 0.001). Blood flow to liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and skin was not altered significantly by chronic alcohol administration, irrespective of whether the data were expressed as a percentage of cardiac output, blood flow per minute per organ or blood flow per minute per g tissue weight (p 〉 0.113 in all instances). However, there was a significant increase in splenic reticuloendothelial system activity (+ 121%, p = 0.018). Hepatic reticuloendothelial system activity was also increased (+ 22%, p = 0.061). Chronic alcohol administration resulted in significant increases in portal pressure (+ 55%, p = 0.042) and portal venous resistance (+ 66%, p = 0.001), but portal venous inflow and hepatic perfusion index were not altered compared to controls The results of this study indicated that chronic alcohol administration did not alter visceral blood flow significantly, but did increase portal pressure, portal vascular resistance and reticuloendothelial system activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 245-245 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 154-162 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In der Behandlung schwerer bakterieller Infektionen hat die synergistische Wirkung kombinierter Antibiotikatherapieschemata oft große Bedeutung. Um die Interaktion zwischen Cefotaxim, Desacetylcefotaxim und Ofloxacin zu beurteilen, wurden 247 frische klinische Isolate auf ihreIn-vitro Empfindlichkeit gegen jedes der Antibiotika allein im Agardilutionstest geprüft und anschließend die Testung mit dem Checkerboard-Protokoll für alle Antibiotikakombinationen vorgenommen. Die fraktionierte inhibitorische Konzentration wurde für alle Isolate mit allen Antibiotikakombinationen bestimmt. Die Abtötungsstudien wurden mit ausgewählten Isolaten vorgenommen, um die bakterizide Aktivität der verschiedenen Kombinationen zu prüfen. Ein Synergismus zwischen Cefotaxim, Desacetylcefotaxim und Ofloxacin fand sich bei 69 der 110 geprüften gramnegativen Isolate (81). In die Studie wurden 70Enterobacteriaceae, 20 Isolate vonPseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 Stämme vonAcinetobacter baumannii, und 10 Isolate vonXanthomonas maltophilia aufgenommen. Gegen weitere 13 Isolate (11%) fand sich eine additive Wirkung. Die Befunde für die 89 grampositiven Isolate waren ähnlich, die geprüften Erreger schlossen methicillinresistente (20) und methicillinempfindliche (20) Stämme vonStaphylococcus aureus, methicillinresistente (9) und methicillinempfindliche (10) Stämme vonStaphylococcus epidermidis ein,Enterococcus faecalis (10) undStreptococcus pneumoniae (20) Synergismus oder partieller Synergismus fand sich nur bei 27 (57%) dieser Isolate. Repräsentative Isolate aller größeren Erregergruppen, die in die Studie eingeschlossen wurden, wurden auf synergistische bakterizide Wirkung der drei Antibiotika getestet. Abtötungsstudien bestätigten die Checkerboard-Werte. Eine erhöhte baterizide Aktivität fand sich mit der Kombination von Cefotaxim, Desacetylcefotaxim und Ofloxacin gegen alle geprüften Isolate. Keiner der Erreger ließ einen Antagonismus erkennen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sprechen dafür, daß Cefotaxim und Ofloxacin in Kombinationin vitro synergistisch gegen die meisten häufigen klinischen Isolate wirken. Jedoch muß durch klinische Studien zusätzlich geprüft werden, ob dieseIn vitro-Interaktion von klinischem Nutzen ist.
    Notizen: Summary Antimicrobial synergy resulting from combined antibiotic therapy is often important in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. To investigate the interactions between cefotaxime (CTX), desacetylcefotaxime (DES), and ofloxacin (OFL), 247 recent clinical isolates were tested forin vitro susceptibility to each antibiotic alone by an agar dilution technique and retested with the various antibiotic combinations using a checkerboard protocol. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were calculated for all organisms with all drug combinations. Time kill kinetic studies were performed on selected isolates to examine the bactericidal activity of the various antimicrobial combinations. Of the 110 gramnegative organisms tested, synergy or partial synergy between CTX, DES and OFL was demonstrable for 89 (81%). Included in the study were 70 members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, 20 isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 strains ofAcinetobacter baumannii, and 10 isolates ofXanthomonas maltophilia. Additive activity was observed against an additional 13 (11%) isolates. Findings were similar for the 89 gram-positive isolates examined. Organisms tested included methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (20), methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus (20), methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis (9), methicillin-susceptibleS. epidermidis (10),Enterococcus faecalis (10), andStreptococcus pneumoniae (20). Synergy or partial synergy was observed against 81 (91%). Less synergistic activity was detected, however, with members of theBacteroides fragilis group. Of the 48 organisms tested, synergy or partial synergy was noted for only 27 (57%). Isolates representative of each major group of organisms included in the study were tested to determine whether synergistic bactericidal activity was also demonstrable with the three drugs. Time kill studies supported the checkerboard results. Enhanced bactericidal activity was evident with the combination of CTS, DES, and OFL against each isolate tested. Antagonism was not demonstrable with any organism examined. Results from this investigation indicate that cefotaxime and ofloxacin in combination are synergisticin vitro against most commonly encountered clinical pathogens. How thisin vitro interaction translates into clinical utility remains to be determined in additional clinical trials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 676-678 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Three methods approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria were used to evaluate the fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin. The methods gave essentially comparable results with 126 anaerobes and with three quality control strains. A collaborative study defined the quality control range for trovafloxacin MICs. Trovafloxacin had good in vitro activity against the more common anaerobes (MIC 90 〈- 2.0 (Μg/ml). Trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) is a fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity (1–3). Its in vitro spectrum includes many anaerobic bacteria (4).The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) currently recommends three different methods for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria (5). The standard reference method is an agar dilution procedure using Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Two alternative methods are an agar dilution technique using Brucella blood agar and a microdilution procedure using a broth version of Wilkins-Chalgren medium. It is important to determine whether these three procedures actually produce identical test results with each antimicrobial agent likely to be tested against anaerobes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of economics 70 (1999), S. 91-107 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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