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  • 1995-1999  (4)
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Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substitution of Canola Meal for Soybean Meal in Diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Canola meal was used in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets at levels of 0, 15.4, 30.8, 46.2 and 61.6%, by progressively replacing (on an equal nitrogen basis) 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% of solvent-extracted soybean meal in the control diet. The feeds were formulated to contain approximately 29% crude protein and 2,650 kcal of digestible energy/kg on an air-dry basis. Each diet was fed to juvenile channel catfish to satiation twice daily for 10 wk. Fish fed the diets containing the two lowest levels of canola meal (15.4 and 30.8%) had similar weight gains, feed intakes, feed utilization efficiencies, and percent survivals relative to the group fed the control diet. Weight gains and feed intakes declined significantly as the dietary levels of canola meal were increased to 46.2% or higher, probably because of reductions in diet palatability and some impairment of feed utilization due to the presence of increased levels of antinutritional factors, particularly glucosinolates. Whole body percentages for moisture and crude protein were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Body ash contents, however, were lowest for fish fed the control diets but were essentially the same for fish fed the other diets. Fish fed the diet containing 30.8% canola meal had lowest body fat content but this effect may not have been diet related. Values for red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were not affected by dietary canola meal level, but hematocrit was higher (although not always significant) for fish fed the control diet. The results of this study suggest that canola meal can comprise about 31% of the diet of channel catfish by replacing half of the amount of soybean meal used in the control diet without adversely affecting growth or any other aspect of performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1998.tb00975.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron Methionine and Iron Sulfate as Sources of Dietary Iron for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The dietary iron requirement for normal growth and optimum hematological values and bioavailability was determined for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings using egg-white based diets supplemented with 0,5,10,20,60, and 180-mg iron/kg from iron methionine or 20, 60, and 180-mg iron/kg from iron sulfate. The basal diet which contained 9.2-mg iron/kg, 34% crude protein and 3.1 kcal of digestible energy/g was fed to channel catfish fingerlings (8.5 g) in triplicate flow-through aquariums to satiation twice daily for 8 wk. Fish fed the basal diet without iron supplementation exhibited poor growth throughout the 8-wk period. Fish fed iron-supplemented diets did not differ with regard to final weight gain. Survival, feed conversion, total blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation were not significantly affected by dietary iron level. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume were significantly lower in fish fed the basal diet. These values were also consistently lower for fish fed diets with 5 and 10-mg iron/kg from iron methionine. However, differences were not always significant. Results of this study indicate that supplementation of 5-mg iron from iron methionine was sufficient for growth. However, a supplemental iron level of 20-mg/kg diet or a total iron level of 30-mg/kg of diet appeared to be needed for optimum hematological values. Iron methionine and iron sulfate were equally effective in preventing anemia in channel catfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00610.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the Dietary Level of Iron from Iron Methionine and Iron Sulfate on Immune Response and Resistance of Channel Catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 28 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings were fed purified diets supplemented with iron at levels of 0, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg from iron sulfate (FeS) or 5, 10, 20, 60, and 180 mg/kg from iron methionine (FeM) in triplicate tanks for 8 wk. Fish were then divided into two groups and subjected to different assays to measure disease resistance and individual immune functions. Representative fish from each dietary treatment were challenged by bacterial immersion with virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri, and mortality due to enteric septicemia was recorded. Other fish were immunized with 0.2–mL formalin-killed E. ictaluri and boosted 21 d post-immunization. Antibody response was determined by FAST-ELISA. Chemiluminescent and chemotaxis assays were performed using peritoneal macrophages. Supplementation of the diet with various levels of iron from FeS or FeM did not significantly affect antibody production. Chemotactic migration by macrophages was depressed in iron-deficient fish and a level of 60 mgkg from either FeS or FeM provided the highest chemotactic indexes. A deficiency of dietary iron was found to increase mortality of channel caffish due to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). However, more studies should be conducted to better understand the effects of sources and levels of dietary iron on immune responses and disease resistance in channel caffish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00849.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective immunity against enteric septicaemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), following controlled exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Protective immunity against enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC) following immunization with Edwardsiella ictaluri bacterins and exposure to live E. ictaluri was investigated. Mean cumulative percentage survival was significantly higher (P 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:01407775:JFD310:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0.05) in controlled live vaccinates (100%) than in immersion and oral bacterin vaccinates (68.3% and 50.0%, respectively). Bactericidal activity against E. ictaluri by peritoneal macrophages from controlled live vaccinates (85.9%) was significantly greater (P 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:01407775:JFD310:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0.05) than bactericidal activity of macrophages from immersion bacterin vaccinates (71.4%) or non-vaccinates (68.1%). No significant (P 〉 0.05) difference was found in the bactericidal activity of macrophages from oral bacterin vaccinates and macrophages from controlled live vaccinates. The E. ictaluri-specific antibody response of controlled live (0.08 OD) and immersion bacterin vaccinates (0.11 OD) was significantly higher (P 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:01407775:JFD310:les" location="les.gif"/〉0.05) than that of oral bacterin vaccinates and non-vaccinates (0.01 OD) 15 days post-vaccination. A significantly higher antibody response was seen in controlled live vaccinates (0.17 OD), when compared to other vaccinates or non-vaccinates 33 days after vaccination. Neither immersion nor oral bacterins protected the vaccinates against ESC. Controlled live E. ictaluri immunization of channel catfish resulted in production of specific antibodies, increased macrophage bactericidal activity and protection against ESC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00310.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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