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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Ceramic Processing Methods on Photostrictive Ceramics (1999)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 6 (1999), S. 57-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: coprecipitation technique ; photostriction ; photovoltaic effect ; PLZT ceramic ; sol-gel technique ; tungsten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics (3/52/48) doped with 0.5 at.% WO3 were prepared by three different processing methods, coprecipitation, sol-gel and conventional oxide mixing techniques, to investigate the effect of processing route on photovoltaic and photostrictive properties. The piezoelectric constant (d33) was observed to be independent of processing technique. Photovoltaic and photo-induced strain were found to get enhanced with decreasing grain size and increasing relative density. PLZT ceramics prepared by the coprecipitation route possess unique combination of favorable properties namely: high purity, higher degree of homogeneity, uniform distribution of doping, stoichiometric compositions, finer grain size and highest density. This resulted into enhanced photostrictive properties in coprecipitated PLZT ceramics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008726029112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave processing of WC-Co composities and ferroic titanates (1997)
    Springer
    Materials research innovations 1 (1997), S. 44-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-075X
    Keywords: Key words Microwave ; Synthesis ; Processing ; WC ; BaTiO3 ; Hydrothermal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The innovations in microwave processing of ceramics have been dominated to date by serendipitous discovery, because the interaction between such radiation as delivered via available tools and the materials of widely varying properties, sizes, and shapes is so complex that it has defied quantitative analysis. For over 10 years a wide variety of inorganic ceramic and semiconducting materials have been synthesized, sintered, and reacted in our own labs, including microwave hydrothermal synthesis of metals, ferrites, and electroceramic phases. These local results are summarized and used as the reference point for reporting on two different new advances: sintering of WC-Co composite tool bits and other similar objects in under 15 min, while retaining extremely fine microstructures, without any grain growth inhibitors; using reduced TiO2 or Ta2O5 for the synthesis of phases such as BaTiO3, Ba3MgTa2O9, and Pb(Zr.Ti)O3 in a few minutes in a 2.45 GHz field at the astonishing temperatures of 300–700 ºC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190050017
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol Washing Effect on Textural Properties of the Sodium Silicate-Derived Silica Xerogel (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 12 (1998), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: sodium silicate ; silica xerogel ; washing solvent ; ethanol ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study deals with the use of ethanol as washing solvent in the preparation of the silica gels from sodium silicate in order to enhance the textural properties, especially surface area. We here examined the effect of ethanol-washing on surface area, micro- and mesopore volume, and average pore size. The silica xerogels prepared from sodium silicate solution exhibited an extremely high surface area of 1139 m2/g by washing their hydrogels with ethanol. Compared to water-washed xerogels, ethanol-washed xerogels showed higher surface areas, total pore volumes, and larger average pore sizes. Unlike the surface area of water-washed xerogel, that of the ethanol-washed xerogel was not affected by the silica concentration of initial solution. This study indicates that the textural properties of sodium silicate-derived xerogels are further enhanced by using ethanol as washing solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008648925228
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic High Surface Area Xerogels at pHs Below Silica Iso-electric Point (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 11 (1998), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: silica gel ; xerogel ; high acid gel synthesis ; low pH ; high surface area ; high density ; hydrophobic ; hydrophilic ; polymeric gels ; particulate gels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic high surface area (up to 1087 m2/cc) silica xerogels at pHs below 2 is demonstrated in this work. High surface area xerogels exhibit extremely fine microstructural features and fast gelation times (less than one hour). Contrary to conventional generalization that xerogels synthesized at low pH are polymeric, it is demonstrated that particulate xerogels can also be synthesized at pHs below 2. These xerogels are synthesized by the addition of large amounts of NH4OH and have relatively lower surface areas. The particulate nature of these xerogels is indicated by their opacity and from their coarse microstructural features as observed by TEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008621607132
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of morphology of Zn2SiO4 by hydrothermal preparation (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 2358-2363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Pure and Mn-doped willemite, Zn2SiO4 of different morphologies and particle sizes were prepared with and without NH4OH under different hydrothermal conditions. Pure willemite was synthesized at a temperature as low as 165 °C using autogeneous pressure. The nature of the anion, silica source and the NH4OH∶Zn2+ ratio played an important role in the size and morphology of the willemite phase. The presence of SO 4 2− anions resulted in mainly equiaxed grains. Such powders are expected to be good for consolidation and in the processing of phosphors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01184587
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of substituted alkyl groups on textural properties of ORMOSILs (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 3817-3821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A series of organically modified silica gels (ORMOSILs) with different alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl and octyl groups was investigated to determine the effect of substituted alkyl groups on the textural properties such as surface area, total pore volume, microporosity and hydrophobicity. Gelation time increased with increasing volume of alkyl groups. As-synthesized xerogels showed a systematic decrease in surface areas and total pore volumes and increase in microporosities with an increase in the volume of alkyl groups. All the ORMOSILs exhibited similar surface areas and total pore volumes after calcination at 500°C for 1 d. Increase in microporosities was observed in all the calcined xerogels. This study suggests that the primary particle sizes of pure silica cores are not affected by the size of the alkyl group, while their connectivity decreases with increasing volume of alkyl groups in the acid–base catalysed system of alkyltrimethoxysilane–tetramethylorthosilicate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004635031973
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a magnetic field on the precipitation of calcium carbonate (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 613-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579267
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal crystallization mechanism of sodium beidellite from amorphous gel (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1995), S. 1770-1772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal synthesis of Na beidellite from coprecipitated gel (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 861-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photostriction of Sol–Gel Processed PLZT Ceramics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 1 (1997), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: photostriction ; photovoltaic effect ; sol–gel ; PLZT, doping effect ; tungsten, niobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic materials have gained considerable attention due to their photostriction, which is the superposition of photovoltaic and piezoelectric effects. However, the photovoltaic effect and the induced strain response are also influenced by the fabrication and processing conditions. The PLZT ceramics produced by conventional oxide mixing process exhibit moderate photostrictive properties due to the inhomogeneous distribution of impurities. In this study, ceramics of PLZT (3/52/48) doped with WO3 and Nb2O5 were prepared by sol–gel technique using lead(II) acetate trihydrate, lanthanum(III) acetylacetonate hydrate, Zr, Ti, Nb, and W alkoxides. It was found that WO3 and Nb2O5 were effective in suppressing the grain growth of PLZT, which lead to the enhancement of photovoltaic and photostrictive properties. Photovoltaic and photostrictive responses show ed a maximum for samples with 0.5 at% WO3 doped sol–gel PLZT. It has been shown that the sol–gel derived PLZT ceramics with proper density possess the possibility of enhancing the photostriction over ceramics produced by conventional oxide mixing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009906600737
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