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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of population inversion in recombining Al plasma by time- and space-resolved x-ray spectroscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1479-1481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time- and/or space-resolved spectra of laser-produced Al plasmas were investigated using a framing crystal x-ray spectrometer. Population inversion was directly observed between the n=4 and n=3 levels in He-like Al, and the correspondent numerical simulation well describes observed characteristics. Plasma evolution and their effects on inversion was shown on a Te–Ne map, and discussions on the optimum conditions based on the experiments and calculations are also given. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective endless-loop bougienage through the oral cavity and esophagus to the gastrostomy in corrosive esophageal strictures in children (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 480-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Corrosive esophageal stricture ; esophageal bougienage ; Endless-loop bougienage ; Gastrostomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors present a safe, conservative method of endless-loop bougienage (ELB) through the oral cavity and esophagus to a gastrostomy without general anesthesia in three children with corrosive esophageal burns treated since 1966. Esophagogastroscopy was performed to evaluate for esophagitis at an early phase after ingestion of the caustic substance. When esophageal stricture formation was recognized after subsequent conservative treatment, a feeding gastrostomy was made. A continuous string loop with plummets of progressively larger size was positioned to pass through the patient's oral cavity and esophagus to the gastrostomy. Strictures were found in the upper esophagus in two patients and in the middle and lower esophagus in one. The gastrostomy was performed 15␣months, 20 days, and 2 months after the injury, respectively, and the periods of ELB were 3, 5, and 2½␣years, respectively. The patients were able to start eating at 26, 42, and 29 months after injury, respectively. They are now 30, 18, and 17 years old, and slight dysphagia remains in patients 1 and 2. No patient developed esophageal carcinoma at the site of the corrosive stricture. Our method of ELB through the patient's oral cavity and esophagus to the gastrostomy appears to be safe, reliable, and useful. We believe that most caustic esophageal strictures in children can be treated by this conservative measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050378
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulations on false gain in recombination-pumped soft-X-ray lasers (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 453-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 52.25.Nr; 42.55.Vc; 52.50.Jm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: -1 in the case of plasmas with short active medium lengths. The false gain in the case of fiber targets is found to be of equal magnitude to that for slabs in the case of plasmas with less than 0.1 cm active medium lengths. Calculations for slab targets predict that adopting a tolerance of ±1 cm-1 for gain will severely restrict the time and the active medium length of the plasma that can be used for error-free observations, while those for fiber targets are found to be considerably relaxed. The effects of false gain in the 54.2 Å Na Balmer α laser is also investigated, again revealing the importance of this phenomena under optimum gain conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient plantlet regeneration from protoplasts isolated from suspension cultures of poplar (Populus alba L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsPopulus alba L. ; Protoplast ; Plant regeneration ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We developed an efficient plant regeneration system from protoplasts for poplar (Populus alba L.). Protoplasts were isolated from 4-day-old suspension cultures derived from seed-induced calli with a yield of 6.96× 106 cells/g fresh weight cells and then cultured at a concentration of 2.5×105 cells/ml in NH4NO3-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.05 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 M glucose as a osmoticum. The plating efficiency of the cultured protoplasts was calculated at 26.5% at day 7 and 31.7% at day 14. Cell colonies were observed after culturing for 4 weeks. Regenerated colonies were propagated through subculture in liquid MS medium supplemented with 5 µM 2,4-D. Buds were induced from regenerated calli on MS medium containing 10 µM kinetin or 1 µM TDZ. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium, and the plantlets were transplanted in soil. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis did not detect any DNA polymorphism among the regenerated plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050378
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertile transgenic barley generated by direct DNA transfer to protoplasts (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 707-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ; Protoplast ; Regeneration ; Transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the generation of transgenic barley plants via PEG-mediated direct DNA uptake to protoplasts. Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cell suspensions of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv ‘Igri’) were PEG-treated in a solution containing a plasmid which contained the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) gene under the control of the rice actin promoter and the nos terminator. Colonies developing from the treated protoplasts were incubated in liquid medium containing the selective antibiotic G418. Surviving calli were subsequently transferred to solid media containing G418, on which embryogenic calli developed. These calli gave rise to albino and green shoots on antibiotic-free regeneration medium. NPT II ELISA revealed that approximately half of the morphogenic calli expressed the foreign gene. In total, 12 plantlets derived from NPT-positive calli survived transfer to soil. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed the stable transformation of these plants. However, the foreign gene seemed to be inactivated in plants from one transgenic line. Most of the transgenic plants set seed, and the foreign gene was transmitted and expressed in their progenies, which was ascertained by Southern hybridization and NPT II ELISA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220947
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helium-like recombination pumped soft x-ray lasers (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 187-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental studies on recombination pumped soft x-ray lasers with helium-like ions are presented. The four-beam multi-TW neodymium-doped phosphate glass laser system at the Institute for Solid State Physics of the University of Tokyo was used in this work. From simultaneous time- and space-resolved spectra of the resonance lines of helium-like aluminium ions, population inversions between the n=3 and 2 levels were observed. Details on the first observation of amplification in a recombination-pumped helium-like soft x-ray laser, exhibiting a time-resolved small-signal gain of 3.3±0.5 cm-1 for the 3 1D-2 1P transition of helium-like nitrogen, are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385851
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the SiC/Al interface reaction on fracture behavior of a composite conductor using SiC fiber reinforced aluminum for next generation power equipment (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 1583-1593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electrical power demands are increasing every year, meaning that lightweight electric cable is needed which has high transmission capacity, high thermal resistance and low sag. Tokyo Electric Power Co., Chubu Electric Power Co. and Hitachi Cable Ltd. have been breaking new ground in the field of electric cable through the development of a SiC fiber reinforced aluminum conductor. In this work, the SiC/Al interface reaction during the manufacturing process and the electricity transmission temperature were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission-Auger electron spectroscopy (FE-AES) for long-term reliability assessment. No reaction products were detected at the SiC/Al interface of elemental wire consisting of 7 SiC/Al preformed wires, indicating that the wire manufacturing process was reliable. An Al4C3 product was detected locally at the SiC/Al interface of the wire which had been thermally treated in molten Al under unfavorable conditions. The activation energy, Q, of Al4C3 growth at the SiC/Al interface was about 190 kJ/mol. In the temperature range of electricity transmission, Al atoms diffused into SiC fiber during heat treatment, and the amount of the diffused Al increased with increasing treatment temperature and holding time. The activation energy of Al diffusion through the SiC/Al interface to SiC fiber was about 78 kJ/mol. Strength deterioration was not induced by Al diffusion into SiC fiber, but strength strongly depended on the formation of Al2SiO5 compound at the SiC/Al interface above 400°C transmission temperatures. Kinetics calculations indicated that the rate of strength deterioration of the composite cable, held at 300°C for 36 years, was about 5%, so that practical use of SiC/Al composite cable should not be far in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004524516143
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influences of Fe-impurity on the production process of SiC fiber reinforced Al for electric cables (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 1573-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract As electrical power demands increase every year, the need becomes stronger for light weight electric cables which have high transmission capacity, high thermal resistance and low sag. We have developed a SiC fiber reinforced aluminum electrical cable to meet this need. Mechanical properties of the SiC/Al composite conductor are very susceptible to iron impurity which becomes mixed in the Al matrix during manufacture of the composite conductor. In this work, we studied the effects of Fe impurity in Al on fracture behavior of the composite conductor. A preformed wire was prepared by dipping a bundle of 1500 pieces of SiC fiber (Si: 63.7, C: 35.8, O: 12.3 mass %) into molten Al in which 0.36 mass % Fe and 0.5 mass % Ti were mixed. The Ti was added to improve the wetting property. Test samples were prepared by bundling seven preformed wires together. A tensile test was carried out for the composite conductor, and pull-out behavior of SiC fiber at the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). Pull-out of SiC fiber was observed at the fracture surface of the composite conductor using Fe-free Al. However, pull-out of SiC fiber was not observed at the fracture surface of the composite conductor using Fe-containing Al since Al was combined inseparably with the SiC and Fe. The fracture origin of the Fe-containing sample was a precipitated Fe-compound at the SiC/Al interface. Tensile strength of the Fe-containing sample was a half of that of the Fe-free sample. We propose the following the precipitation mechanism for the Fe compound. In manufacturing of the preformed wire, molten Al solidifies from the surface to the SiC/Al interface because of the low thermal conductivity of the SiC fiber. In the cooling process, Fe-free Ti-compound precipitates in the molten Al by a peritectic reaction. This leads to a higher concentration of Fe in the molten Al near the interface, and finally, FeAl3 compound precipitates at the SiC/Al interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004572415234
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective adsorption of bilirubin by macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) beads (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 237 (1996), S. 143-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Makroporöse Glycidylmethacrylat(GMA)-Divinylbenzol(DVB)-Copolymerstränge wurden synthetisiert, und die Adsorption von Bilirubin, Albumin und anderen Serumkomponenten wurde untersucht. Die aus DVB/GMA im Gewichtsverhältnis 75/25 aufgebauten Stränge bieten eine hervorragende Bilirubin-Adsorptionsfähigkeit. Wenn die Oberfläche der Stränge vorher mit Albumin beschichtet wurde, wird selektive Adsorption von Bilirubin erzielt, und die Adsorption von Albumin im Serum wird unterdrückt. Außerdem wurde durch Vernetzung des beschichteten Albumins mit Glutaraldehyd die hervorragende Bilirubin-Adsorptionsfähigkeit bewahrt und eine zusätzliche Adsorption von Albumin aus dem Serum erzielt.
    Notes: Macroporous glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymer beads have been synthesized and the adsorption of bilirubin, albumin and other serum components were studied. The beads composed of DVB/GMA in the weight ratio of 75/25 provide an excellent bilirubin adsorption ability. When the surface of the beads was previously coated with albumin, discriminating adsorption of the bilirubin in the serum was attained and the adsorption of albumin was depressed. In addition, when the coated albumin was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, the excellent bilirubin adsorption ability was maintained, however, an adsorption of albumin from the serum occurred.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052370108
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