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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil Leaching Column Chromatographic Technique for Estimation of Leaching Behavior of Atrazine, Deethylatrazine, Deisopropylatrazine, and Hydroxyatrazine on Soil (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 63 (1999), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900952
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of sense organs in the feeding behaviour of Chinese perch (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Experiments were conducted to identify the roles of the individual sense organs in the feeding behaviour of Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi by determining the consumption of natural food after selective removal or blocking of eyes, lateral lines and olfactory organs, and also by observing the behavioural response to visual, mechanical and chemical stimulation by artificial prey. Chinese perch were able to feed properly on live prey fish when either eyes or lateral lines were intact or functional, but could scarcely feed without these two senses. Chinese perch recognized its prey by vision through the perception of motion and shape, and showed a greater dependence on vision in predation when both visual and mechanical cues were available. Chemical stimulation by natural food could not elicit any feeding response in Chinese perch, and gustation was only important to the fish for the last stage of food discrimination in the oropharyngeal cavity. The sensory basis of Chinese perch in feeding is well adapted to its nocturnal stalking hunting strategy, and also explains its peculiar food habit of accepting live prey fish only and refusing dead prey fish or artificial diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00603.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite dynamic deformations of smart structures (1997)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 20 (1997), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We study transient finite deformations of a neoHookean beam or plate with piezoelectric (PZT) patches bonded to its upper and lower surfaces. The constitutive relations for the PZTs are taken to be linear in the Green-Lagrange strain tensor but quadratic in the driving voltage. A finite element code using 8-noded brick elements has been developed and validated by comparing computed results with either analytical solutions or experimental observations. For flexural waves propagating through a cantilever beam, the sensor output is influenced a little by the presence of a defect placed symmetrically about the centroidal axis. A simple feedback control algorithm is shown to control the motion of a neoHookean plate subjected to an impulsive load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050263
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Key results and implications from phase 1(c) of the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes (1999)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 15 (1999), S. 673-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Using atmospheric forcing data generated from a general circulation climate model, sixteen land surface schemes participating in the Project for the Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes (PILPS) were run off-line to equilibrium using forcing data from a GCM representative of a tropical forest and a mid-latitude grassland grid point. The values for each land surface parameter (roughness length, minimum stomatal resistance, soil depth etc.) were provided. Results were quality controlled and analyzed, focusing on the scatter simulated amongst the models. There were large differences in how the models’ partitioned available energy between sensible and latent heat. Annually averaged, simulations for the tropical forest ranged by 79 1 3;W m-2 for the sensible heat flux and 80 W m-2 for the latent heat flux. For the grassland, simulations ranged by 34 W m-2 for the sensible heat flux and 27 W m-2 for the latent heat flux. Similarly large differences were found for simulated runoff and soil moisture and at the monthly time scale. The models’ simulation of annually averaged effective radiative temperature varied with a range, between all the models, of 1.4 K for tropical forest and 2.2 K for the grassland. The simulation of latent and sensible heat fluxes by a standard ‘bucket’ models was anomalous although this could be corrected by an additional resistance term. These results imply that the current land surface models do not agree on the land surface climate when the atmospheric forcing and surface parameters are prescribed. The nature of the experimental design, it being offline and with artificial forcing, generally precludes judgements concerning the relative quality of any specific model. Although these results were produced de-coupled from a host model, they do cast doubt on the reliability of land surface schemes. It is therefore a priority to resolve the disparity in the simulations, understand the reasons behind the scatter and to determine whether this lack of agreement in de-coupled tests is reproduced in coupled experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictability of SST forced climate signals in two atmospheric general circulation models (1997)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 13 (1997), S. 391-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The predictability of atmospheric responses to global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is evaluated using ensemble simulations of two general circulation models (GCMs): the GENESIS version 1.5 (GEN) and the ECMWF cycle 36 (ECM). The integrations incorporate observed SST variations but start from different initial land and atmospheric states. Five GEN 1980–1992 and six ECM 1980–1988 realizations are compared with observations to distinguish predictable SST forced climate signals from internal variability. To facilitate the study, correlation analysis and significance evaluation techniques are developed on the basis of time series permutations. It is found that the annual mean global area with realistic signals is variable dependent and ranges from 3 to 20% in GEN and 6 to 28% in ECM. More than 95% of these signal areas occur between 35 °S–35 °N. Due to the existence of model biases, robust responses, which are independent of initial condition, are identified over broader areas. Both GCMs demonstrate that the sensitivity to initial conditions decreases and the predictability of SST forced responses increases, in order, from 850 hPa zonal wind, outgoing longwave radiation, 200 hPa zonal wind, sea-level pressure to 500 hPa height. The predictable signals are concentrated in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean and are identified with typical El Niño/ Southern Oscillation phenomena that occur in response to SST and diabatic heating anomalies over the equatorial central Pacific. ECM is less sensitive to initial conditions and better predicts SST forced climate changes. This results from (1) a more realistic basic climatology, especially of the upper-level wind circulation, that produces more realistic interactions between the mean flow, stationary waves and tropical forcing; (2) a more vigorous hydrologic cycle that amplifies the tropical forcing signals, which can exceed internal variability and be more efficiently transported from the forcing region. Differences between the models and observations are identified. For GEN during El Niño, the convection does not carry energy to a sufficiently high altitude, while the spread of the tropospheric warming along the equator is slower and the anomaly magnitude smaller than observed. This impacts model ability to simulate realistic responses over Eurasia and the Indian Ocean. Similar biases exist in the ECM responses. In addition, the relationships between upper and lower tropospheric wind responses to SST forcing are not well reproduced by either model. The identification of these model biases leads to the conclusion that improvements in convective heat and momentum transport parametrizations and basic climate simulations could substantially increase predictive skill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050173
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein B ectodomain derivatives in an hsp70A gene promoter-based expression system (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 2019-2029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different derivatives of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) ectodomain were expressed in a novel heat-shock expression system. The putative ectodomain, gBt, and the N-terminal subunit, gBb, were of the expected molecular weight and were secreted. Their production were heat-inducible and the purified proteins were able to elicit antibody responses in mice of a comparable level as induced by authentic gB. The truncated C-terminal subunit, gBct, was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our studies suggest that the gBb subunit may play a major role in constituting the overall configuration of gB and is required for the intracellular transport of gB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718212
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing, microstructure and fracture behaviour of a spray-atomized and deposited nickel aluminide intermetallic (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 1661-1675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, nickel aluminide intermetallics were synthesized using the spray atomization and deposition technique. Microstructure characterization studies were performed to provide an understanding of the intrinsic influence of spray processing parameters on the microstructure of the intermetallic. Numerical simulation was carried out to provide an understanding of the influence of deformation, heat transfer kinetics and thermal history of the droplets on the thermal profile, distribution and solidification. The microstructure of the intermetallic is discussed in the light of results obtained from experimental observations and numerical simulation. Ambient-temperature tensile tests reveal the intermetallics to have a high strength and acceptable ductility. The tensile fracture behaviour of the polycrystalline intermetallic is presented and discussed in the light of processing and thermal conditions during spray deposition and intrinsic microstructural effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017588425752
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-assisted peak recognition for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in environmental samples (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 354 (1996), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A software has been developed for the peak recognition of 136 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) after high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Based on the retention times of 13C labelled 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F internal standards, the retention times of all PCDD and PCDF can be calibrated automatically and accurately. Therefore, it is very convenient to identify the peaks by comparing the retention of samples and the calibrated retention times of their chromatograms. Hence, this approach is very significant because it is impossible to obtain always a standard chromatogram and PCDD/F analysis are very expensive and time consuming. The calibration results can be transferred to Excel for calculation. The approach is a first step to store costly and environmentally relevant data for future application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663540362
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing gossypol derivatives with enhanced antitumor activity (1995)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 13 (1995), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: gossypol ; gossypolone ; Schiffs base derivatives ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preclinical and clinical studies have pointed to the antitumor potential of the naturally occurring polyphenolic binaphthyl dialdehyde, gossypol, as well as its purified (−,+) enantiomers. To explore further the antitumor properties of this multifunctional agent, we synthesized several reactive derivatives including the (−,+) enantiomers of gossypolone and four different gossypol Schiffs bases (AR1, AR2, AR3, AR4). The biological activities of these new agents were screened by measuring theirin vitro antiproliferative activity against malignant (MCF-7, MCF-7/adr) or immortalized (HBL-100) human breast epithelial cell lines. Racemic gossypolone showed relatively uniform antiproliferative activity against all of the breast epithelial cell lines with 3- to 5-fold less activity than (-)-gossypol against MCF-7 and MCF-7/adr cells. Of interest, the relative antitumor potency of purified gossypolone enantiomers was reverse that of gossypol enantiomers, since (+)-gossypolone showed up to 3-fold greater inhibition of MCF-7 culture growth than (-)-gossypolone. Of the Schiff's base derivatives only AR3 with its isopropyl amine substituent demonstrated cytotoxic activity comparable to that of (-)-gossypol; derivatives with ethyl, propyl, or butyl amine substituents (AR1, AR2, AR4) had little growth inhibitory activity at culture concentrations up to 25 μM. AR3 activity was greatest against HBL-100 and MCF-7 cells [MCF-7 IC50 values: AR3=0.9 μM, (-)-gossypol=2.3 μM]; unlike (-)-gossypol, however, AR3 showed substantially reduced activity against the multidrug-resistant subline, MCF-7/adr. These structure-activity comparisons suggest that isolation of (−,+)-enantiomers of AR3 and additional chemical modifications including the synthesis of an isopropyl amine Schiff's base of gossypolone will likely yield a newer generation of gossypol analogues with enhanced anticancer potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873798
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three dimensional analysis of piezoelectric circular cylindrical shell of finite length (1999)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 134 (1999), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An exact elasticity solution for a simply supported piezoelectric circular cylindrical shell of finite length is presented. Different boundary conditions are considered, which correspond to the respective situations when it is acted as sensor or actuator. The stresses, displacements and electric potential distributions are shown. Our results show that the distributions depend strongly on the boundary conditions and can not be justified by purely elastic structures. The presented results can be used not only to assess various approximate theories but also to enhance the understanding of the response behavior of piezoelectric structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01312657
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