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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stand-alone microprocessor controlled fast sweep Langmuir probe driver (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3405-3411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article describes a power supply and data logger for a Langmuir probe interfaced to a personal computer. The system provides a voltage sweep range from −125 to +100 V in 100 steps in a time ∼0.15 s. Restricted sweep ranges and single point operation are also possible. Probe current measurements are in the range from −1.0 to +100 mA with a precision of 5 μA on the most sensitive range, while the voltage may be set with a precision of 56 mV. Novel features of the system include: the use of integrate-and-dump techniques to implement the process of analog-to-digital conversion and to provide effective noise suppression; a solution to the problem of floating the power supply on top of the potential developed across the grounded current sensing resistor based on the power supply rejection ratio characteristics of a high voltage operational amplifier; and the development of an interface and control board employing the GPIB protocol to communicate with a host computer. Successful operation of the system has been demonstrated in the electrically noisy environment of a helicon plasma source. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148301
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Immune Response to HIV gp120 Induced by Nucleic Acid Immunization (NAI) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 772 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44753.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in immune parameters and associations to survival in Atlantic salmon (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lysozyme activity, haemolytic activity, total level of IgM, and levels of antibodies against A-layer from Aeromonas salmonicida and O-antigen from Vibrio salmonicida, respectively, were determined in 77 full-sib groups of Atlantic salmon in order to evaluate their possible use as immune parameters for indirect selection to improve disease resistance. Fish from parallel full-sib groups had previously been challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida (causing furunculosis), Renibacterium salmoninarum (causing bacterial kidney disease, BKD) and Vibrio salmonicida (causing cold-water vibriosis). Heritabilities were estimated for each of the immune parameters and correlations between the least square means of the full-sib groups for the different immune parameters and survival rates in the parallel full-sib groups were determined. A significant genetic variation in lysozyme activity was found, as well as an apparent genetic association between low lysozyme activity and high survival rates. Low heritabilities and low univariate correlations with survival in the full-sib groups were estimated for all of the other immune parameters. An analysis of the multivariate associations between the full-sib mean values of the complete set of immune parameters, and survival rates in the parallel full-sib groups in each of the challenge tests, revealed that, at low levels of lysozyme activity and with low antibody titres against V. salmonicida O-antigen, increased IgM levels seemed to increase survival from furunculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01598.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of melatonin on cellular activation processes in human blood (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The pineal hormone melatonin, due to its lipophilic nature, has access to every cell and every part of a cell in the body, suggesting that it could exert effects on blood immune cells. The regulation of the activation of monocytes may be important in a number of diseases, especially pathophysiological conditions associated with inflammatory reactions. Considering this, a study on the effect of melatonin on monocytes in whole blood was carried out. Melatonin added at a final concentration of 5 ng/mL to whole blood in vitro reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue factor (TF) activity in monocytes by 55% in blood from a group of subjects with melatonin-sensitive cells. At even lower concentrations of melatonin (20-50 pg/mL) and in the physiological range, a trend of suppressed LPS-induced TF activity by ∼ 20% was seen. A further indication of a downregulation of LPS-stimulated monocytes by melatonin was shown by its reduction of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Twenty to one hundred pg/mL melatonin caused a significant reduction of LPS-induced TNF production by ∼ 25–30%. In contrast, melatonin at a final concentration of 10 pg/mL, added to whole blood incubated with LPS and also the phorbol ester, PMA, caused a signficant rise of 25%; whereas 100 pg/mL enhanced LPS + PMA-induced TNF by ∼ 80% as compared to LPS + PMA alone. These effects were not detectable during the winter darkness of Tromsø (70°N), probably due to the high content of melatonin in the blood even at daytime. These results show that melatonin may have a beneficial effect by suppressing the expression of TF activity in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Furthermore, the results indicate that LPS-induced TF in monocytes of whole blood is independent of protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Melatonin is probably amplifying cellular activation reactions that are PKC-dependent. This may be physiologically important in upregulation of the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1999.tb00566.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of taurine depletion on cell migration and NCAM expression in cultures of dissociated mouse cerebellum and N2A cells (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Taurine ; Neurons ; NCAM ; Migration ; Transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultures of dissociated cerebellum from 5- to 6-day-old mice as well as of the N2A neuronal cell line were exposed to guanidino ethane sulfonate (GES, 2–5 mM) to reduce the cellular taurine content. Control cultures were kept in culture medium or medium containing 2–5 mM GES plus 2–5 mM taurine to restore the intracellular taurine content. Taurine depletion led to changes in the expression of certain splice variants of NCAM mRNA such as the AAG and the VASE containing forms, while no differences were seen in the expression of the three forms of NCAM protein. In the N2A cells taurine depletion led to a decreased migration rate of the cells. The results suggest that the reduced migration rate of neurons caused by taurine depletion may be correlated to changes in expression of certain adhesion molecules such as NCAM. Moreover, taurine appears to be involved in regulation of transcription processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345281
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressive strength of interbody cages in the lumbar spine: the effect of cage shape, posterior instrumentation and bone density (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 132-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; Interbody ; Fusion ; Compression ; Biomechanics ; Implant ; Posterior ; lumbar intervertebral fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One goal of interbody fusion is to increase the height of the degenerated disc space. Interbody cages in particular have been promoted with the claim that they can maintain the disc space better than other methods. There are many factors that can affect the disc height maintenance, including graft or cage design, the quality of the surrounding bone and the presence of supplementary posterior fixation. The present study is an in vitro biomechanical investigation of the compressive behaviour of three different interbody cage designs in a human cadaveric model. The effect of bone density and posterior instrumentation were assessed. Thirty-six lumbar functional spinal units were instrumented with one of three interbody cages: (1) a porous titanium implant with endplate fit (Stratec), (2) a porous, rectangular carbon-fibre implant (Brantigan) and (3) a porous, cylindrical threaded implant (Ray). Posterior instrumentation (USS) was applied to half of the specimens. All specimens were subjected to axial compression displacement until failure. Correlations between both the failure load and the load at 3 mm displacement with the bone density measurements were observed. Neither the cage design nor the presence of posterior instrumentation had a significant effect on the failure load. The loads at 3 mm were slightly less for the Stratec cage, implying lower axial stiffness, but were not different with posterior instrumentation. The large range of observed failure loads overlaps the potential in vivo compressive loads, implying that failure of the bone-implant interface may occur clinically. Preoperative measurements of bone density may be an effective tool to predict settling around interbody cages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050043
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral arterial disease as a predictor of outcome after renal transplantation (1998)
    Springer
    Transplant international 11 (1998), S. S140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Renal transplantation ; Peripheral occlusive arterial disease ; Intermittent claudication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to assess the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral occlusive arterial disease (POAD) in 129 consecutive diabetic (n = 34) and non-diabetic (n = 95) patients undergoing renal transplantation. The association of pre-existent POAD and complaints of claudication, lower limb amputations, and graft and patient survival were evaluated during a 5-year follow up. A questionnaire on walking capacity, ankle/brachial (ABI) and toe/brachial (TBI) pressure indices as well as the pulse volume recording (PVR) at the ankle were used to assess resting haemodynamics and the presence of POAD 4 days after the transplantation. Unquestionable ischaemia was encountered in 5 (4 %) patients all with a history of intermittent claudication and an ABI equal or below 0.77. While using assessment methods not affected by vessel calcification, i. e. toe pressures and PVR damping, a many-fold frequency of arterial disease was observed when compared to previous studies. TBI below 0.65 was found in 11 of diabetic (32 %) and in 15 of the others (16 %), and a PVR amplitude below 5 min in 28 of diabetics (82 %) and in 34 of non-diabetics (36 %). During the 5-year follow up, abnormal TBI and PVR values and diabetes at the time of transplantation were the greatest risk factors for proximal foot amputations. The low TBI levels also indicated a shortened patient survival. However, transplant function was not affected by the presence of abnormal haemodynamic indices at the time of transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050446
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Assessment of Cumulative Classification (1999)
    Springer
    Quantitative microbiology 1 (1999), S. 7-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9923
    Keywords: bayesian predictive probabilities ; classification ; Enterobacteriaceae ; predictive fit ; self-organizing artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present a method for building systematics when new knowledge is continuously accumulated. The resulting classification is self-correcting and improves itself by sorting new items as they are added to the material and studied. The formulation is based on Bayesian predictive probability distributions. A new item that has not yet been classified is assigned to the class that has maximal posterior probability or is made to form a group of its own. Such a cumulative classification depends on the order in which the items are classified. The introduction of an already classified training set considerably improves the repeatability of the method. As a case study we applied the method to a large data set for the Enterobacteriaceae. The resulting classifications corresponded well to the general structure of the prevailing taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010020209899
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous detection of centromere-specific probes and chromosome painting libraries by a combination of primedin situ labelling and chromosome painting (PRINS-painting) (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 3 (1995), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Chromosome aberrations ; chromosome painting ; FISH ; PRINS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In situ techniques for the detection of specific chromosomes using centromeric probes and the decoration of entire chromosomes using chromosome painting are well established. However, in the deciphering of complex chromosomal aberrations it is valuable to be able to detect the centromere and the entire DNA of a specific chromosome in different colours simultaneously on the same metaphase. In this report we describe a combination of the primedin situ labelling (PRINS) technique and chromosome painting for simultaneous visualization of centromere-specific oligonucleotides and chromosome painting libraries. A key feature is that the denaturation step in the PRINS reaction is sufficient to keep the chromosomes denatured for chromosome painting. This means that PRINS and consecutive chromosome painting can be performed as a single procedure (PRINS-painting)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711160
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