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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air, usually called TVOC (total volatile organic compounds), has been measured using different definitions and techniques which yield different results. This report recommends a definition of TVOC referring to a specified range of VOCs and it proposes a method for the measurement of this TVOC entity. Within the specified range, the measured concentrations of identified VOCs (including 64 target compounds) are summed up, concentrations of non-identified compounds in toluene equivalents are added and, together with the identified VOCs, they give the TVOC value.The report reviews the TVOC concept with respect to its usefulness for exposure assessment and control and for the prediction of health or comfort effects. Although the report concludes that at present it is not possible to use TVOC as an effect predictor, it affirms the usefulness of TVOC for characterizing indoor pollution and for improving source control as required from the points of view of health, comfort, energy efficiency and sustainability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Indoor air 8 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The promotion of healthier indoor air requires the use of building materials whose chemical emissions are free of toxicity and unfavourable sensory properties. Testing and assessment of chemical emissions are essential in order to identify “safe” materials, and to encourage manufacturers to produce, and the market to adopt, such materials. Various testing and assessment procedures for building materials have been developed in European countries such as Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. Recently the European Collaborative Action “Indoor Air Quality and its Impact on Man” proposed criteria and a testing procedure for the assessment of VOC emissions from solid flooring materials. The innovative aspects of this proposal are: a procedure for the performance of chemical emissions testing; sensory testing coupled with toxicological evaluation; and a procedure to handle compounds for which toxicological information is scarce or absent. This procedure, after validation and experience from practical use, will probably be extended to other building materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 14 (1998), S. 729-736 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Control system ; Deadlock avoidance ; Flexible manufacturing system ; Petri nets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the problem of designing a control scheme capable of avoiding deadlock conditions for a class of manufacturing systems. The considered model for the system under control is based on Petri nets, and is formulated according to well-known modelling rules. A deadlock avoidance policy is proposed which is an extension of a previously presented one. The proofs of its main properties are briefly sketched. Finally, an example of an automated manufacturing system for which such a deadlock avoidance policy has been applied is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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