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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 132-136 (Apr. 1997), p. 1790-1793 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a detector, consisting of a cryogenic calorimeter with a scintillating crystal as an absorber, and a second calorimeter for the detection of scintillation light, both operated at 12 mK. Using a CaWO4 crystal with a mass of 6 g as the scintillating absorber, we have achieved a discrimination between nuclear recoils and electron recoils with a suppression factor of 99.7% at energies above 15 keV. This method will be applied for background rejection in the CRESST dark matter search (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers). © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 1416-1420 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Fractal analysis—Os calcis—Radiographs—Histomorphometry—Microarchitecture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Microarchitecture of trabecular bone is an important determinant of bone fragility; to date, its evaluation requires bone biopsy with histomorphometry analysis. Methods of noninvasive characterization of trabecular bone microarchitecture are in development and we have developed and validated a bone texture analysis applied to bone radiographs and based on fractal geometry. The aim of our study was to compare this fractal analysis of trabecular bone texture on radiographs to the trabecular microarchitecture analyzed by bone histomorphometry on os calcis biopsies. Thirty eight ossa calcis from 19 human cadavers were studied. Fractal analysis of the trabecular bone of os calcis radiographs was performed by the maximum likelihood estimator following the fractional brownian motion model. The ossa calcis were dissected, then transcortical biopsy cores focused on the fractal analysis region of interest were obtained. Structural and connectivity parameters were measured with both automatic and semiautomatic analyzers. We have found a significant relationship between the fractal Hmean parameter and structural histomorphometric indices; the best correlation was found with trabecular separation (r =−0.55; P= 0.0004). Based on a stepwise regression analysis, trabecular spacing and trabeculae number together would explain 38% of the variance of the fractal parameter. Although the relationship with connectivity indices was poor, our fractal analysis of os calcis trabecular bone texture on radiographs seemed to partially reflect the trabecular bone microarchitecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 71-74 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. S48 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone histomorphometry ; Calcium-47 ; Calcium absorption ; Osteoporosis ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with vertebral osteoporosis have a wide range of bone loss rates, bone remodelling rates and capacities for gastrointestinal (GI) calcium absorption. To test the hypothesis that variations in GI absorptive capacity determine rates of bone loss or remodelling, we have sought relationships betwen calcium absorption or vitamin D metabolite levels on the one hand and rates of cancellous and cortical bone loss (measured by serial quantiative computed tomography in the radius;n=25) or indices of bone remodelling in tetracycline-prelabelled transiliac biopsies (n=41) on the other, in a sequential untreated group. Calcium absorption (net and true) was measured in 18-day balances and by a two-isotope deconvolution method (fractional absorption and maximum absorption rate, MAR). There was no significant seasonal effect on any of these four measures of calcium absorption (variance ratio,F=0.52–1.61,p〉0.1) or on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (F=0.13,p〉0.1; range 11–69 pg/ml), notwithstanding the expected seasonal effect on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (mean 18.7 ng/ml, zenith mid July, semi-amplitude 7.5 ng/ml;F=6.82,p〈0.01). Neither this metabolite nor 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D correlated with any index of calcium absorption (p〉0.1). No measure of calcium absorption (or intake) had a significant relationship with radial cortical or cancellous bone loss (p all 〉0.1) but cancellous bone loss was associated with the rate of endogenous calcium excretion (r=0.50,p〈0.05). A positive relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and unlabelled osteoid surface (a marker of reduced blast vigour) persisted after adjustment for season (Student'st=2.70,p〈0.01) but did not reflect 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. This study did not address the question of whether reduced GI calcium absorption has a uniform effect on bone remodelling in osteoporosis. However, variations in capacity for calcium absorption are unlikely to be responsible for the heterogeneity in bone loss and remodelling rates seen in vertebral osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone density – Lipids – Menopause – Osteoporosis – Raloxifene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has been shown to improved bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profiles in healthy postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of raloxifene on BMD, biochemical markers of bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women with low bone density or osteoporosis. This Phase II, multicenter, 24-month, double-masked study assessed the efficacy and safety of raloxifene in 129 postmenopausal women (mean age ± SD: 60.2 ± 6.7 years) with osteoporosis or low bone density (baseline mean lumbar spine BMD T-score: −2.8). Women were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: placebo, 60 mg/day raloxifene-HCl (RLX 60) or 150 mg/day raloxifene-HCl (RLX 150) and concomitantly received 1000 mg/day calcium and 300 U/day vitamin D3. At 24 months, BMD was significantly increased in the lumbar spine (+3.2%), femoral neck (+2.1%), trochanter (+2.7%) and total hip (+1.6%) in the RLX 60 group compared with the placebo group (p〈0.05). The RLX 150 group had increases in BMD similar to those observed with RLX 60. A greater percentage of raloxifene-treated patients, compared with those receiving placebo, had increased BMD (p〈0.05). Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, serum osteocalcin, and urinary type I collagen:creatinine ratio were significantly decreased in the RLX-treated groups, compared with the placebo group (p〈0.01). RLX 60 treatment significantly decreased serum levels of triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels (p〈0.01). The rates of patient discontinuation and adverse events were not significantly different among groups. In this study, raloxifene increased bone density, decreased bone turnover, and improved the serum lipid profile with minimal adverse events, and may be a safe and effective treatment for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Anthropometric parameters ; BUA ; SOS ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Few data have been published concerning the influence of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) on broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and Lunar “stiffness” index, and always in small population samples. The first aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine whether anthropometric factors have a significant influence on ultrasound measurements. The second objective was to establish whether these parameters have real effect on bone or whether their infuence is due only to measurement errors. We measured, in 271 healthy French women (mean age 77±11 years; range 31–97 years), the following parameters: age, height, weight, lean and fat body mass, heel width, foot length, knee height and height of the external malleolus (HEM). Simple linear regression analyses between ultrasound and anthropometric parameters were performed. Age, height and heel width were significant predictors of SOS; age, height, weight, foot length, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of BUA; age, height, weight, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of stiffness. In the multiple regression analysis, once the analysis had been adjusted for age, only heel width was a significant predictor for SOS (p=0.0007), weight for BUA (p=0.0001), and weight (p=0.0001) and heel width (p=0.004) for the stiffness index. Besides their statistical meaning, the regression coefficients have a more clinically relevant interpretation which is developed in the text. These results confirm the influence of anthropometric factors on the ultrasonic parameter values, because BUA and SOS were in part dependent on heel width and weight. The influence of the position of the transducer on the calcaneus should be taken into account to optimize the methods of measurement using ultrasound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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