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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of women's involvement in the decision to deliver by caesarean section (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 106 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess the degree and nature of women's involvement in the decision to deliver by caesarean section, and women's satisfaction with this involvement.Design Observational study.Setting The maternity unit in a large teaching hospital.Sample One hundred and sixty-six women undergoing caesarean section.Methods Interviews with the women on the third or fourth day postpartum, questionnaires sent to the women at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks postpartum, and extraction of information from the women's medical records.Main outcome measures Women's knowledge, satisfaction, and involvement in making the decision concerning their caesarean section.Results The majority of the women were satisfied with the information they received during pregnancy on caesarean section and with their involvement in making the decision, but the proportions were significantly higher for elective than emergency sections. For 7% of the women, maternal preference for caesarean section was a direct factor in making the decision. Just over half of the 166 women reported that they were not debriefed on the reasons for their caesarean section before their discharge from hospital. Almost a third of the women undergoing emergency caesarean section expressed negative feelings towards their delivery, compared with 13% of those undergoing elective caesarean sections.Conclusion Women are not a homogeneous group in terms of their requirements for information, nor their desire to be involved in the decision on mode of delivery. Health professionals need to be responsive to this variability and to agree on standards for communicating with women during pregnancy about the possibility of operative delivery and for debriefing women after caesarean section. sarean section, and women's satisfaction with this involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08233.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Satisfaction and the three C's: continuity, choice and control. Women's views from a randomised controlled trial of midwife-led care (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective 1. To explore whether there are differences in women's satisfaction with care in a midwife-managed delivery unit compared with that in a consultant-led labour ward. 2. To compare factors relating to continuity, choice and control between the two randomised groups.Design A pragmatic randomised controlled trial.Setting Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Grampian.Sample 2844 women, identified at booking as low risk, were randomised in a 2:1 ratio between the midwives’ unit and the labour ward.Main outcome measures Satisfaction, continuity of carer, choice, and control.Results Satisfaction with the overall experience did not differ between the groups. Satisfaction with how labour and delivery was managed by staff was slightly higher in the midwives’ unit group, but this did not reach the 0.1% level of significance. Women allocated to the midwives’ unit group saw significantly fewer medical staff and were less likely to report numerous individuals entering the room. They were more likely to report having had a choice regarding mobility and alternative positions for delivery and were significantly more likely to have made their own decisions regarding pain relief.Conclusions The issues surrounding the measurement of satisfaction with childbirth need further investigation. Until this area is clarified it would be unwise to use an overall measure of satisfaction as an indicator of the quality of maternity service provision. In particular, the current measures are not sensitive enough to examine the specific factors which affect women's satisfaction. Further research is required to assess which factors are important to women if they are to have a positive experience of childbirth and how these priorities change over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10974.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of summer management of perennial ryegrass-dominant swards on plant and animal responses in the autumn when grazed by sheep. 2. Herbage intake and grazing behaviour (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects on herbage intake and ingestive behaviour by ewes and weaned lambs of grazing aftermath and previously continuously grazed perennial ryegrass-dominant swards at two different sward heights (4 and 8 cm) in the autumn were studied. The experiment had a factorial design, was replicated twice and was conducted from mid-August to early November. There were six ewes and six weaned lambs per treatment plot and measurements were made in three periods. The effects of previous treatment of swards on herbage intake by ewes and weaned lambs were greatest in August, with herbage intakes being significantly lower on the aftermath swards. Differences disappeared by October. The lowest herbage intakes were obtained on the aftermath sward at the lowest sward height, with ewes being more affected under those conditions than lambs. Grazing time and biting rate increased with a reduction in sward height and were higher on aftermath swards. However, these increases did not compensate for reductions in estimated bite size on the aftermath swards. It was concluded that the effects of the sward management treatments in the summer on tissue turnover of the sward and herbage intake in the autumn were considerable in the early part of the autumn but had largely disappeared by the end of the autumn period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1996.tb02061.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2006.00190.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sward structure on the diet selected by guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and sheep (Ovis aries) grazing a perennial ryegrass-dominated sward (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of three different vertical structures of a perennial ryegrass-dominated sward, defined by pseudostem heights (cm) — 1·3 low (L), 2·5 medium (M) and 3·5 high (H) — on the bite depth and selection of plant parts within the grazed horizon of the sward by sheep and guanacos was studied. The bite depth (cm) was similar between sheep and guanacos across the different swards (L, 1·5; M, 3·6; H, 3·8) and was related to pre-grazing sward surface height rather than to pseudostem height. There were differences in diet composition between species that were related to differences in selection for plant parts. Sheep had a higher proportion of green leaf in the diet than did guanacos in L (0·84 vs. 0·71, P 〈 0·05) and M (0·75 vs. 0·59, P 〈 0·05) swards, and possibly selected this plant part in H swards in which the proportion of green leaf in the grazed horizon was low (0·45–0·50). Guanacos had a higher proportion of dead leaf and sheath in the diet than did sheep in L (0·23 vs. 0·09, P 〈 0·05) and M (0·30 vs. 0·18, P 〈 0·05) swards, and possibly selected this plant part on these swards, in which the proportion of green leaf in the grazed horizon was high (0·70–0·95). The proportion of pseudostem in the diet of sheep and guanacos was similar across all swards (0·03) and was generally much lower than that in the grazed horizon (0·01–0·18). Guanacos had a higher proportion of dead stem in the diet than did sheep (0·06 vs. 0·02, P 〈 0·05) across all swards, but the proportion was similar to that in the grazed horizon of each sward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.00099.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of summer management of perennial ryegrass-dominant swards on plant and animal responses in the autumn when grazed by sheep. 1. Tissue turnover and sward structure (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment was conducted lo compare the effects of the grazing by ewes and weaned lambs on aftermath and previously continuously grazed perennial ryegrass-dominant swards, at two sward heights (4 and 8 cm) in (he autumn, on changes in structure and growth of the swards. The experiment had a factorial design, was replicated twice and was conducted from mid-August to early November with measurements being made on three occasions in the autumn. Aftermath swards had lower tiller population densities and lower herbage masses than those that had been previously continuously grazed, the differences being greatest in August. On an area basis net growth rates of herbage on aftermaths were lower than those on previously continuously grazed swards in August and September but not in October. Growth rates of herbage were higher on the taller sward, but the senescence rates were similar at the two sward heights. It was concluded that autumn swards may be managed at taller sward heights than summer swards without increasing senescence of the sward and a consequent reduction in efficiency of utilization. The effects of previous sward management on tissue turnover in the autumn were not long lasting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1996.tb02060.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of primary electron counting for detection of ultrasoft x-rays with a low-pressure multistep gaseous detector : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2330-2332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of primary electron counting techniques as an alternative to the more usual parallel plate avalanche chamber that has been employed in soft x-ray scattering experiments is being investigated at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The theoretical aspects of primary electron counting and motivation behind building a primary electron counting detector are described, as well as characteristics and future improvements of the device constructed at the NSLS. The detector consists of a low electric field drift region and a low pressure multistep avalanche region which can be operated with two or three stages of electron multiplication. The device has worked well in extensive tests as a simple parallel plate avalanche chamber, providing energy resolutions of 58% and 43% at 277 and 500 eV, respectively. Operated as a primary electron counter, preliminary results show an energy resolution of 38% at 500 eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hard X-ray prototype production exposure station at NSLS (1998)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 56-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Exposures conducted at the NSLS R&D beamline (X-27B) for High Aspect Ratio Precision Manufacture have proven sufficiently successful that we are constructing a dedicated hard X-ray exposure beamline. The new beamline (X-14B) provides an exposure field ∼120 mm wide, three times larger than that of X-27B. The scanner is based on the hydraulic system from the X-27B program. It is optimized for planar exposures and takes advantage of the full 525 mm stroke available. Exposures of multiple substrates and masks will be possible, with the fixturing supporting mounting of substrate holders from other groups (ALS, APS, CAMD, and UW). The function of this beamline is to establish a hard X-ray exposure station where manufacturing scale protocols can be developed and ultimately exploited for production runs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050093
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High speed hydraulic scanner for deep X-ray lithography (1998)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 64-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  From our research and development in hard x-ray lithography, we have found that our conventional leadscrew driven scanner stages do not provide adequate scan speed or travel. These considerations have led us to develop a scanning system based on a long stroke hydraulic drive with 635 mm of travel and closed loop feedback to position the stage to better than 100 micrometers. The control of the device is through a PC with a custom LabView interface coupled to simple x-ray beam diagnostics. This configuration allows us to set a variety of scan parameters, including target dose, scan range, scan rates, and dose rate. Results from our prototype system at beamline X-27B are described as well as progress on a production version for the X-14B beamline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050096
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of non-pollen plant parts as food sources for the common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Frankliniella schultzei ; Thysanoptera ; Insecta ; pollen-feeding ; petal-feeding ; development ; fecundity ; Malvaviscus arboreus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Like other flower thrips, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) feeds on pollen. However, the influence of a pollen diet on the life history of F. schultzei may not be as significant as reported for other thrips species. Frankliniella schultzei was reared successfully and with low mortalities (≤20%) on Wax Mallow, (Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.) plant part diets. Development times and fecundity on a petal diet were not significantly different from that on a pollen diet. Fecundity on a diet combining M. arboreus pollen, petal and leaf tissues was significantly higher than those individually containing these tissues. In laboratory choice tests, F. schultzei females encountered petal most often of the three plant parts. Pollen and leaf were encountered with similar frequencies. A significantly higher proportion of petal encounters (0.8) resulted in feeding than did pollen encounters (0.5). Few leaf encounters (0.1) were followed by feeding. Adult and larval F. schultzei were found in M. arboreus flowers but not on leaves. All parts of the flower were inhabited and not just the pollen-bearing petal apices and anthers. We propose that feeding on pollen within M. arboreus flowers is just one of many influences on the life history of F. schultzei and suggest that this may extend to other thrips species/host-plant combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193446
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