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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External phosphorus requirement of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal barley and soybean plants (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: VA mycorrhizae ; Glomus intraradices ; Barley ; Soybean ; Phosphorus requirements ; Mycorrhizal dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi on the external P requirements of barley and soybeans. The plants were grown in pots containing a P-deficient soil. A range of 10 P levels was obtained by adding 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 110, 160, or 310 mg P kg-1 as NaH2PO4 2H2O. Half of the pots were inoculated with the VAM fungus Glomus intraradices. The P concentration in the soil solution was determined using an adsorption isotherm and plotted against the relative yield. Barley did not respond to mycorrhizal inoculation and we concluded that P nutrition was not the limiting factor on the growth of this lowmycotrophic plant. In contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated the growth of soybeans. The external P requirements were 0.110 μg ml-1 for mycorrhizal and 0.148 μg ml-1 for non-mycorrhizal soybeans to obtain 80% of the maximum yield. In terms of P fertilization this corresponds to a saving of 222 kg P2O5 ha-1. The mycorrhizal dependency of the soybean was highly correlated with the P concentration in the soil solution and it is proposed that both values should be displayed together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334907
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External phosphorus requirement of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal barley and soybean plants (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words VA mycorrhizae ; Glomus intraradices ; Barley ; Soybean ; Phosphorus requirements ; Mycorrhizal dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi on the external P requirements of barley and soybeans. The plants were grown in pots containing a P-deficient soil. A range of 10 P levels was obtained by adding 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 110, 160, or 310 mg P kg–1 as NaH2PO4·2H2O. Half of the pots were inoculated with the VAM fungus Glomus intraradices. The P concentration in the soil solution was determined using an adsorption isotherm and plotted against the relative yield. Barley did not respond to mycorrhizal inoculation and we concluded that P nutrition was not the limiting factor on the growth of this low-mycotrophic plant. In contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated the growth of soybeans. The external P requirements were 0.110 μg ml–1 for mycorrhizal and 0.148 μg ml–1 for non-mycorrhizal soybeans to obtain 80% of the maximum yield. In terms of P fertilization this corresponds to a saving of 222 kg P2O5 ha–1. The mycorrhizal dependency of the soybean was highly correlated with the P concentration in the soil solution and it is proposed that both values should be displayed together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334907
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus status and cycling in native savanna and improved pastures on an acid low-P Colombian Oxisol (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 55 (1999), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: acid low-P soils ; improved pastures ; P budget ; P cycling ; soil P fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract On acid low-phosphorus (P) Colombian Oxisols, improved pastures with acid-soil-tolerant grass and legume varieties have increased beef production by a factor of 10 to 15 with only modest P fertilizer inputs. This indicates that the efficiency of P fertilization could be greater than is commonly expected on such strongly P-sorbing soils. To understand the effect of improved pastures on P cycling and availability, we estimated P budgets, and characterized soil P by sequential fractionation, isotopic exchange and biological activity measurements on soil samples from unfertilized native savanna, and fertilized improved grass-only (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) and grass-legume (B. decumbens + Pueraria phaseoloides, Kudzu) pastures established in 1978 on a medium-textured isohyperthermic, tropeptic haplustox. Comparison of calculated P budgets, based on inputs and exports, with total soil P contents showed that fertilization, as part of the improved pasture management, had resulted in a measurable increase of total P in the surface 0–20 cm soil layer of nearly 30 mg kg-1 or about 20% over the savanna level. Sequential soil P fractionation of different seasonal samplings indicated that grass-legume maintained higher organic and available inorganic P levels with less temporal variation than the two other types. The linkage of organic P and available P was also reflected in soil biological activity. Estimates of P in microbial biomass and phosphatase activity were significantly higher in grass-legume than grass-only and savanna. The improvement in soil P availability, as measured by solution P concentration, P sorption and exchangeable P, was much greater in grass-legume than in grass-only. With comparable fertilizer inputs and greater product exports, improved P availability in grass-legume cannot be due to differences in budgets but can be attributed to changes in the overall biological activity in the soil-plant system caused by the presence of legumes in the vegetation cover. Total C, organic P content and macrofaunal activity were all significantly higher in grass-legume soils. Greater turnover of organic litter in grass-legume may provide for steadier organic P inputs and, therefore, higher P cycling and availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009813008445
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root-induced modifications of the exchange of phosphate ion between soil solution and soil solid phase (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 211 (1999), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bioavailability ; isotopic evaluation ; phosphate ion exchange ; phosphorus ; rhizosphere ; soil solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The uptake of phosphorus (P) by roots results in a depletion of phosphate ions (PO4) in the rhizosphere. The corresponding decrease in PO4 concentration in the soil solution (CP) gives rise to a replenishment of P from the solid phase which is time- and CP-dependent. This PO4 exchange which reflects the buffer power of the soil for PO4 also varies with the composition and the physico-chemical conditions of the soil. As root activity can modify these physico-chemical conditions in the rhizosphere, the question arises whether these modifications affect the ability of PO4 bound to the soil solid phase to exchange with PO4 in soil solution. The aim of the present work was to measure and compare the parameters which describe the amount of PO4 bound to soil solid phase that is capable to replenish solution P for both rhizosphere and bulk soils. The soil sample was a P-enriched, calcareous topsoil collected from a long-term fertiliser trial. Rhizosphere soil samples were obtained by growing dense mats of roots at the surface of 3 mm thick soil layer for one week. Three plant species were compared: oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., cv Goeland) pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Solara) and maize ( Zea mays L., cv. Volga). The time- and CP-dependence of the PO4 exchange from soil to solution were described using an isotopic dilution method. The measured CP values were 0.165 mg P L−1 for bulk soil and 0.111, 0.101 and 0.081 mg P L−1 for rhizosphere soils of maize, pea and rape, respectively. The kinetics of the PO4 exchange between liquid and solid phases of soil were significantly different between rhizosphere and bulk soils. However, when changes in CP were accounted for, the parameters describing the PO4 exchange with time and CP between soil solution and soil solid phase were found to be very close for bulk and rhizosphere soils. For this calcareous and P-enriched soil, plant species differed in their ability to deplete PO4 in solution. The resulting changes in the ability of the soil solid phase to replenish solution PO4 were almost fully explained by the depletion of soil solution P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004485432261
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition of Lymnaea truncatula infected by Fasciola hepatica under experimental conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 589-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental infections of Lymnaea truncatula by Fasciola hepatica (one, two, or three miracidia per snail) were carried out under laboratory conditions to analyze the oviposition of infected snails and determine the characteristics of their egg masses. In the infected snails from the three groups, egg-laying steadily decreased until week 4 postexposure and stopped afterward until the end of the experiment, except for the cercaria-shedding snails from the one-miracidium group, for which low numbers of egg masses were noted between weeks 9 and 12. In uninfected snails the number of egg masses decreased until week 4 and remained low during subsequent weeks. At weeks 11 and 12 postexposure the natality rate was 98.9% in controls, 56% in the cercaria-shedding snails from the one-miracidium group, and 59.2–68.5% in uninfected snails. In the cercaria-shedding snails from the one-miracidium group the restoration of reproduction activity after week 8 may be explained by a lower parasite burden in these snails than in those from the two- and three-miracidium groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050599
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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