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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pruning frequency of Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala on nodulation and potential nitrogen fixation (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words N2 fixation ; Pruning ; Leucaena ; leucocephala ; Gliricidia sepium ; Albizia lebbeck ; Alley cropping ; Hedgerows ; Tree nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of four pruning frequencies on biomass, nodulation and N2 fixation was investigated on Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala grown in the screenhouse for 16 months, using acetylene reduction and 15N dilution methods. Frequent prunings at 4-month intervals had no deleterious effect on symbiotic N2 fixation, which increased in Gliricidia and Leucaena in particular. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity varied inconsistently within species, and were not influenced by pruning frequency. Cumulative assessment of pruning effect showed higher biomass, N yield and N2-fixing capacity of the woody species than at last harvest, and appeared to have more practical relevance. Across species, cumulative total dry matter, N yields, and both percentage and absolute amount of N2 derived from atmosphere increased with pruning frequency, except when trees were pruned 3 times. Of the three species, G. sepium had the lowest biomass production, N2 fixation and N accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050240
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of cassava cultivar TMS 30572 as affected by alley-cropping and mycorrhizal inoculation (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Cassava ; Alley-cropping ; Glomus clarum ; Leaf area index ; Hedgerow trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of inoculation with Glomus clarum, a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus, and alley-cropping on the growth of the cassava cultivar, TMS 30572, was investigated under field conditions in a low nutrient tropical soil. Cassava was grown either interplanted between two hedgerow tree species (alley-cropped) or sole-cropped. Sub-plots were either inoculated with G. clarum or were not inoculated. No effort was made to destroy the indigenous mycorrhizal fungi. Three months after planting, no significant influence of G. clarum inoculation was observed on the growth of roots, shoots or leaf area index (LAI). However, with time, inoculation and system of cropping enhanced these growth parameters. Nine months after planting, the total biomass of alley-cropped cassava was significantly higher than that of inoculated and non-inoculated sole-cropped cassava. Inoculation had led to an increase in the fresh tuber yield of both the alley- and sole-cropped cassava 12 months after planting. The LAI of both alley- and sole-cropped cassava inoculated with G. clarum increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050392
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on nutrient uptake and yield of alley-cropped cassava in a degraded Alfisol of southwestern Nigeria (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Alley-cropped cassava ; Manihot esculenta Crantz ; Hedgerow tree legumes ; Nutrient extraction ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leaf and root (tuber) nutrient uptake patterns of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) alley-cropped with gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), and senna [(Senna (syn. Cassia) siamea] as influenced by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation in a degraded Alfisol were investigated in consecutive years. The cassava plants were mulched with fresh prunings of each hedgerow tree species at 2-month intervals in the second and third years of alley cropping. While VAM inoculation significantly influenced the root uptake of nutrients, the leaf uptake was not affected except for the uptake of P. In most cases, there was no difference in the nutrient concentration between inoculated and uninoculated plants, either in the leaf or in the root, indicating that the productivity of cassava was regulated by the amount of nutrients the roots could absorb. In spite of similar total soil N in all inoculated and uninoculated alley-cropped cassava plots and similar exchange-able soil K contents in inoculated and uninoculated alley-cropped cassava plots with leucaena and senna, greater uptake of N, P, and K and greater concentrations of K were observed in roots of inoculated alley-cropped cassava with gliricidia and leucaena than with senna. These results indicated that greater mineralization and availability of nutrients to cassava roots from prunings of nodulating gliricidia and leucaena than from non-nodulating senna may be important, particularly with efficient VAM inoculation, in these alley-cropping systems. Also, for similar nutrients in the inoculated and uninoculated cassava soils alley-cropped with each hedgerow species, VAM inoculation significantly enhanced cassava root dry weights, indicating that an effective VAM fungus can be an agent of greater nutrient uptake in a competitive environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307844
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen use and biomass yield over time in pot-grown Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Leucaena ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen use ; 15N ; Time course
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of nodulation, N2-fixation and N use in Leucaena leucocephala cv. K28 over time was investigated in a screenhouse at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months after planting (MAP) using the 15N-labelling method. Leucaena had a consistently increasing pattern of nodulation, dry biomass and nitrogen yield. A sharp rise in nodulation was observed between 12 and 16 MAP, whereas for biomass, N accumulation and N2-fixation, and N2-fixation, an upward surge occurred between 4 and 12 months. Nodulation, N accumulation, N2-fixation and biomass yield all peaked at 16 MAP. Along with the steady increase in N2-fixation throughout the 16-month growth period, the % N derived from the atmosphere rose from 17.9% to 61.5%, 70.1% and 74%, equivalent to 191, 1623, 2395 and 3385 mg N2 fixed plant-1 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 MAP, respectively. Nitrogen assimilation from soil and fertilizer decreased inversely to the increase in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336553
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pruning effect on nitrogen nutrient release in the root zone of Albizia lebbeck and Leucaena leucocephala (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Pruning ; Nitrogen release ; Root zone ; Albizia lebbeck ; Leucaena leucocephala
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of pruning on the dynamics of N release in the root zone of Albizia lebbeck and Leucaena leucocephala was studied using potted soil and minilysimeters with presterilized sand-medium supplied with N-free nutrient solution. Plants were pruned twice at 11 and 13 months and leachates were collected weekly for 16 weeks starting from first pruning, and analysed for mineral N content. Removal of plant shoots reduced nodule and root biomass by some 30–38% and halved nodule N yields, while total N yields did not differ between pruned and unpruned plants. The dynamics of N nutrient in the rhizosphere was also affected by pruning, irrespective of the growth medium. In soil culture, unpruned plants of both species maintained greater levels of total N in their rhizosphere compared to those that were pruned. In sand culture, nitrate-N was by 66–84% the predominant N form in soil leachate across the two sequential prunings. Over the 16 weeks following these prunings of A. lebbeck and L. leucocephala, cumulative mineral N in both forms was significantly higher in the root zone of unpruned plants, and was consistently greater under rhizobial inoculation. Less mineral N was released into the root zone of each species during the period after the second pruning than after the first one. L. leucocephala released significantly more N than A. lebbeck over the sampling period, but net N release beneath both species was lower than 1%, indicating that tree legumes do not release sizeable proportions of their N into root zone, and that pruning reduces their N release still further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050366
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening woody and shrub legumes for growth, nodulation and nitrogen-fixation potential in two contrasting soils (1996)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 33 (1996), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: woody legumes ; screening ; Alfisol ; Ultisol ; N2-fixation ; 15N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to identify for alley cropping new candidate species with high biomass and nitrogen-fixing potential, a screening study was conducted on ten woody and shrub legumes (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena diversifolia, L. leucocephala cv. K28 and cv. K636, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Tephorsia candida) for 6 months using an acid Ultisol and a non-acid Alfisol. A wide interspecific variability of legumes appeared within soil types, and there were significant species-by-soil interactions for many parameters in this study. In the acid Ultisol, plant growth in height and grith, nodule numbers, nitrogen yield and N2-fixing potential were significantly (P = 0.05) lower than those in the Alfisol. While Albizia lebbeck was outstanding in both acid and non-acid soil conditions for most performance criteria, L. leucocephala cv. K28 was most sensitive to soil acidity with 41.7% of total nitrogen yield in the Ultisol relative to that accumulated in the Alfisol. In addition to L. leucocephala cv. K28 and G. sepium, the most common hedgerow species, A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia on Alfisol, and A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia, Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan on acid Ultisol, could be considered promising and thus, worthy of further site adaptability trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213646
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of tree pruning and pruning application to trees on nitrogen fixation by Leucaena and Gliricidia (1997)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 39 (1997), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: green manure ; mulch ; pruning ; woody legumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A microplot study was conducted with Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium to determine the effect of pruning the trees and applying the prunings to the soil (as either surface mulch or soil-incorporated green manure) on N2 fixation by the trees. N2 fixation was estimated by the 15N dilution method, and the non-N2-fixing species Senna siamea was used as a reference species. Number and dry weight of nodules were reduced with applications of prunings in Leucaena, and increased in Gliricidia. For both species, the lowest rate of N2 fixation (47%) occurred under green manure incorporation after pruning, and the highest (66%) with mulching and no-pruning. Incorporation of green manure into soil significantly depressed N2 fixation by 19.1% in Gliricidia and 20.6% in Leucaena compared to no-pruning treatment. The deleterious effect of incorporation of prunings into soil also affected the amount of N2 fixed. During the nine months following pruning, green manure incorporation steadily decreased the percentage of N2 fixed, whereas with no-pruning, pruning only and pruning with mulching, N2 fixation increased with time. Reduction of N2 fixation in pruned plants could imply that they would compete for N with interplanted food crops, causing lower N use efficiency by the latter. Despite lower dry-matter and N yields of Leucaena as compared with Gliricidia, its biological N2 fixation amounted to 73% of its N requirement as opposed to the corresponding figures of 50% for Gliricidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005957206624
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