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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clozapine inhibits catalepsy induced by olanzapine and loxapine, but prolongs catalepsy induced by SCH 23390 in rats (1997)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 355 (1997), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Clozapine ; Olanzapine ; Loxapine ; SCH 23390 ; Catalepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Loxapine (0.3mg/kg s.c.), olanzapine (10 mg/ kg s.c.) and SCH 23390 (R-(+)-chloro-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1-H-3-benzazepine; 1mg/kg, s.c.), but not clozapine (10mg/kg, s.c.), induced catalepsy in rats. Co-administration of clozapine (1, 3 and 10mg/ kg s.c.) dose-dependently inhibited loxapine-induced catalepsy. Clozapine (10mg/kg s.c.) also prevented the induction of catalepsy by olanzapine. In addition, clozapine abolished the catalepsy induced by loxapine when it was administered after the response had fully developed. In contrast, the duration of SCH 23390-induced catalepsy was prolonged by clozapine, indicating that its anti-catalepsy effects against olanzapine and loxapine are unlikely to be caused by muscle relaxation, sedation or stimulation. Since SCH 23390-induced catalepsy is reported to be blocked by scopolamine, dizocilpine (MK-801) or 8-hydroxy-dipropylamino-tetralin, it is unlikely that muscarinic blockade, NMDA ion channel blockade and 5-HT1A receptor agonism, respectively, are involved in clozapine’s action, but the mechanism by which clozapine exerts this anti-cataleptic effect remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004955
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peritoneale Mesotheliome – Häufigkeiten und Ätiologie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Peritoneale Mesotheliome ; Wachstumsmuster ; Überlebenszeiten ; Asbestbelastung ; Asbestexpositionen ; Key words Peritoneal mesotheliomas ; Subtype ; Survival time ; Asbestos burden ; Asbestos exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A total of 70 malignant and 4 benign peritoneal mesotheliomas were diagnosed by the German Mesothelioma Registry between 1992 and 1998. Malignant mesotheliomas developed mainly in men (55/70); only one man had a benign peritoneal alteration. Age at first diagnosis of malignant mesotheliomas is about 59 years; the women are on average 4 years younger than the men. Mean survival time ranges about 1 year; in 6 of 38 patients longer survival times of up to 7 years are known. The epitheloid subtype predominates, but no effect on survival time is noticed. The percentage of patients with combined asbestos-associated lung fibrosis is higher than that for pleural mesotheliomas; these patients become ill about 6.5 years earlier. The latency period is 36 years on average. For most patients asbestos exposure is related to their occupation mainly in metal industries, asbestos industries, and in the building trade. There is no evidence for an induction of benign peritoneal alterations by asbestos dust.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zwischen 1992 und 1998 wurden im Deutschen Mesotheliomregister 70 peritoneale maligne und 4 benigne Mesotheliome pathologisch-anatomisch diagnostiziert. Die malignen Mesotheliome sind überwiegend (55/70) bei Männern entwickelt, bei den benignen Veränderungen ist nur ein Mann betroffen. Das Erkrankungsalter der Patienten mit malignen Mesotheliomen liegt im Mittel bei 59 Jahren, Frauen sind zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose 4 Jahre jünger als Männer. Die mittlere Überlebensrate beträgt ca. 1 Jahr, bei 6/38 Patienten sind längere Überlebenszeiten bis zu 7 Jahren bekannt. Der epitheloide Wachstumstyp überwiegt, ein Einfluß auf die Überlebenszeit ist nicht zu belegen. Es findet sich ein deutlich höherer Anteil mit Minimalasbestosen/Asbestosen als in Fällen mit Pleuramesotheliomen, diese Patienten erkranken etwa 6,5 Jahre eher. Für den überwiegenden Teil der Patienten ist eine erhöhte Exposition bekannt. Die meisten Patienten waren in der Metallindustrie, in der Asbestindustrie und im Baugewerbe tätig. Die Latenzzeit liegt im Mittel bei 36 Jahren. Die Induktion benigner peritonealer Veränderungen durch z.B. Asbeststaub ist wissenschaftlich nicht belegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050340
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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