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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of Steroid Sulfatase by an Active Site-Directed Inhibitor, Estrone-3-O-Sulfamate (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 11508-11514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00036a025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspergillus fumigatus catalases: cloning of an Aspergillus nidulans catalase B homologue and evidence for at least three catalases (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 23 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The presence of catalases in the water soluble fractions of three Aspergillus fumigatus strains was investigated using non-denaturing and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western analysis. Using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining for catalase activity, three separate catalases were identified. An A. fumigatus catalase gene (catB) was cloned from genomic DNA using the Aspergillus niger catR gene as a probe. Polyclonal antibodies were raised to a glutathione S-transferase-CatB fusion product expressed in Escherichia coli. Western analysis indicated that, under denaturing conditions, the polyclonal antibody recognised a 90-kDa band and under non-denaturing conditions, two separate bands were identified. These results indicate that A. fumigatus in addition to CatB, produces at least two other catalases, one of which is similar in size to CatB. The polyclonal antibody was also used to observe catalase expression in mice, experimentally infected with A. fumigatus. Staining was observed heterogeneously throughout the fungal hyphae. This result indicates that catalase is produced by A. fumigatus during invasive aspergillosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01231.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of time post mortem on the concentration of endotoxin in rat organs: implications for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 25 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to test the following hypotheses: (i) that endotoxin injected 40 min prior to death can be detected in rat organs post mortem and (ii) that endotoxin levels do not change with increasing time post mortem. Rats were injected with or without endotoxin in buffered saline, 40 min prior to being killed. Endotoxin levels in rat organs were assessed using a Limulus amoebocyte assay. The effect of storage time post mortem was assessed by following various storage regimes at 25°C and 8°C. Significant differences (P=〈0.001) in endotoxin levels of all samples tested were found between rats injected with and without endotoxin. A significant increase in detectable endotoxin was observed between 0 h and 6 h post mortem in rats injected with or without endotoxin. No difference in detectable endotoxin levels in the kidney, liver and spleen was observed from 30 h to 102 h post mortem in rats injected with or without endotoxin. In rats injected with endotoxin, detectable endotoxin levels in the heart were raised between 0 h and 6 h, 6 h and 54 h, and 30 h and 78 h. Endotoxin injected into rats 40 min prior to death can be detected post mortem. For rats injected with saline or endotoxin prior to death levels in the kidney, liver and spleen were not affected by storage at 8°C for 30–102 h, after initial storage at room temperature for 6 h. Levels of endotoxin detected in the hearts of rats injected with saline were not affected by storage up to 102 h. In rats injected with endotoxin prior to death, detectable levels in the heart were significantly affected by increasing time in storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01335.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal models used to test the interactions between infectious agents and products of cigarette smoked implicated in sudden infant death syndrome (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 25 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Animal test systems are reviewed that have relevance to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are reviewed. These test interactions between infectious agents (or their toxins) and products of cigarette smoke. Infectious agents implicated in SIDS include members of the enterobacteria and clostridia, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Smoking is thought to be the single most preventable cause of SIDS. Tobacco smoke contains many extremely toxic products including cyanide and nicotine. Many animal test systems are available to examine the potency of bacterial toxins and smoke-derived components. These include mice, hamsters, rats and chick embryos. Such systems reveal synergy between bacterial toxins, especially endotoxin and superantigens. They have also demonstrated potentiation of low levels of bacterial toxin by low levels of both nicotine and its primary metabolite, cotinine. These findings suggest a possible causal explanation for the fact that passive exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor in sudden infant death syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01334.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary investigation of lethally toxic sera of sudden infant death syndrome victims and neutralisation by commercially available immunoglobulins and adult sera (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 25 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to test the hypotheses (i) that sudden infant death syndrome sera are toxic to 11-day old chick embryos and (ii) that such a toxicity can be counteracted by immunoglobulin or adult sera. Serum samples from 11 SIDS victims and five controls were tested for lethal toxicity in the chick embryo bioassay. Five serum samples were used to challenge chick embryos injected with the following: sudden infant death syndrome serum plus Hank's balanced salt solution; Hank's balanced salt solution alone; sudden infant death syndrome serum plus 3% w/v commercial immunoglobulin; sudden infant death syndrome serum plus 6% w/v immunoglobulin; sudden infant death syndrome serum plus pooled sera of 40 healthy adults. Results obtained revealed that Hank's balanced salt solution, the pooled adult serum and the commercial immunoglobulin were all non-lethal, in the chick embryo test system. By contrast, 10 sudden infant death syndrome victims yielded sera containing lethal levels of toxin(s) compared to 2/5 controls which was statistically significant (P〈0.05, Fischer's exact test). In the tests of sudden infant death syndrome serum plus immunoglobulin or pooled adult serum, the lethality of sudden infant death syndrome serum was abolished in all cases. The reduction in toxicity of individual sudden infant death syndrome serum plus immunoglobulin or pooled adult serum was often statistically significant (P〈0.05–P〈0.00005, Fischer's exact test). We conclude that lethal levels of toxin are present in sudden infant death syndrome sera and that they can be neutralised by normal immune serum. These results indicate that passive immunisation is a potential treatment to protect babies considered at risk from sudden infant death syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01343.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium-induced lipofuscins and effect of zinc on hepatopancreas cells inIdotea baltica (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 967-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lipofuscin ; cadmium ; zinc ; isopod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histological investigation revealed cadmium-induced lipofuscin formation in hepatopancreatic cells of the crustacean isopod,Idotea baltica. A comparison of lipofuscin induction by cadmium and by copper showed that cadmium has a weaker peroxidative action than copper. The effect of cadmium was reduced by the simultaneous presence of zinc, which on its own was ineffective in lipofuscin induction. A tentative explantation of the interactive effects of these materials is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921749
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterochromatin characterization and distribution in the chromosomes of two populations ofIdotea baltica basteri Audouin, 1826 (Isopoda, Valvifera) (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; crustacea ; Idotea baltica ; isopod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two mediterranean populations ofIdotea baltica basteri from Messina and Naples showed a set of chromosomes composed by 58 all-biarmed chromosomes. The heterochromatin was located in the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes, and its composition appeared heterogeneous. In fact, not all the homologs showed heterochromatin resistant to digestion with three restriction enzymes (Alu I, Hae III and Sau 3A). Moreover, the two populations showed polymorphism in a band of G+C-rich telomeric heterochromatin, which was present only in the population from Messina. It is hypothesized that chromosomal polymorphism might reflect the geographical isolation of the two populations. It is also suggested that a process of diversification is taking place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01925567
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancellous Bone Structure in the Growing and Aging Lumbar Spine in a Historic Nubian Population (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 95 -100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Historic skeletal series — Human lumbar spine — Growth and Aging — Cancellous bone — Osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. There is abundant data on cancellous bone in the aging human spine, but little relating to the growing vertebral cancellous bone in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to map vertebral cancellous bone in a growth and age series of historic skeletal samples and to make comparisons with data published on recent material. Lumbar vertebral bodies were collected from 65 skeletons (0–60 years) from a medieval Nubian population. Ethnohistoric information was collected to interpret conditions that might have influenced bone structure and metabolism. The cancellous bone was studied three dimensionally, using stereophotography and scanning electron microscopy and morphometrically by performing a semiautomatic structural analysis on digitized backscattered electron images of polymethacrylate-embedded material. The cancellous bone structure in the children consisted mainly of a densely packed, uniform network of small rodlike trabeculae. The greatest bone volume fraction with small, more platelike trabeculae was observed during adolescence. In young adults, larger platelike trabeculae were present in the central zone and smaller trabeculae in the superior and inferior zones, as described for modern skeletal material. Structural changes associated with aging were observed much sooner than in modern man. By the estimated age of approximately 50–60 years, the predominant architectural elements were slender rarified rods in both sexes. The ethnohistorical data suggest that this was essentially a black African population of physically active peasants, not likely to suffer Vitamin D insufficiency or deficient calcium intake. Thus an earlier onset of the biological age changes in cancellous bone found in modern populations was probably prevalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase levels in transgenic tobacco lead to decreased photosynthetic capacity and altered carbohydrate accumulation (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 204 (1997), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Antisense DNA ; Calvin cycle ; Carbon assimilation ; Nicotiana (transgenic) ; Sedoheptulose-1 ; 7-bisphosphatase ; Transgenic plant (tobacco)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) plants with reduced levels of the Calvin cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase; EC 3.1.3.37) were produced using an antisense construct in which the expression of a tobacco SBPase cDNA clone was driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter. The reduction in SBPase protein levels observed in the primary transformants correlated with the presence of the antisense construct and lower levels of the endogenous SBPase mRNA. No changes in the amounts of other Calvin cycle enzymes were detected using Western blot analysis. The SBPase antisense plants with less than 20% of wild-type SBPase activity were observed to display a range of phenotypes, including chlorosis and reduced growth rates. Measurements of photosynthesis, using both light-dosage response and CO2 response curves, of T1 plants revealed a reduction in carbon assimilation rates, which was apparent in plants retaining 57% of wild-type SBPase activity. Reductions were also observed in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II. This decrease in photosynthetic capacity was reflected in a reduction in the carbohydrate content of leaves. Analysis of carbohydrate status in fully expanded source leaves showed a shift in carbon allocation away from starch, whilst sucrose levels were maintained in all but the most severely affected plants. Plants with less than 15% of wild-type SBPase activity were found to contain less than 5% of wild-type starch levels. The results of this preliminary analysis indicate that SBPase activity may limit the rate of carbon assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050226
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ∈ subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase of Pisum sativum (1999)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 59 (1999), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: ATPase ; Chloroplast ATP synthase ; Pisum sativium ; regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to the well-characterized spinach ( Spinacea oleracea) chloroplast ATP synthase (CF1–CFo), the properties of the chloroplast ATP synthase from pea (Pisum sativum ) have not been as intensively studied. Preliminary data suggested that the regulatory properties of the two enzymes differ. In the absence of activating treatments the ATPase activity of pea thylakoids in the dark was higher than that in spinach thylakoids. When assayed in the presence of sulfite, the MgATPase activity of pea thylakoids was inhibited to a maximum of 67% by tentoxin, indicating that the dark ATPase activity is in part catalyzed by CF1–CFo. The ATPase activity of purified pea CF1 was also higher than that of spinach CF1 in the absence of activating treatments. These differences could result from the different regulatory properties of the pea ∈ or γ subunit or both. The pea ∈ subunit was less effective in binding to or inhibiting the ATPase activity of pea o r spinach CF1 deficient in ∈ (CF1-∈). Spinach ∈ inhibited the ATPase activity of pea CF1-∈ at lower concentrations than pea ∈. The gene encoding the pea ∈ subunit was cloned and over-expressed. Recombinant pea ∈ did not restore low proton permeability to spinach thylakoid membranes reconstitituted with spinach CF1-∈, although pea ∈ was effective when tested with pea thylakoids reconstitituted with pea CF1-∈. These results confirm earlier suggestions that the C-terminal region of ∈ is important in ∈-CF1 and ∈-CFo interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006125224799
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