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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced hypoosmoregulatory ability and alteration in gill chloride cell distribution in mature chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrating upstream for spawning (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 129 (1997), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Osmoregulatory ability of mature chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during spawning migration was examined by following the changes in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and in the distribution and morphology of chloride cells. Mature chum salmon caught in Otsuchi Bay, northern Honshu Island, Japan, died within 5 d in seawater (SW) in association with a marked increase in plasma osmolality, whereas the fish transferred to fresh water (FW) maintained plasma osmolality efficiently. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity decreased in both SW-maintained and FW-transferred fish. Well-developed chloride cells, identified by immunocytochemical staining specific for Na+, K+-ATPase, were present mainly in the filament epithelium of immature fish caught in the ocean. In mature fish caught in the bay, however, additional chloride cells were also found in the lamellar epithelium. The number of filament chloride cells decreased markedly in the mature fish both in SW and in FW, whereas the number of lamellar chloride cells was maintained. These results suggest that the loss of hypoosmoregulatory ability in mature chum salmon may be attributable to the decrease in filament chloride cells and associated decrease in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and also that appearance of lamellar chloride cells may be preparatory to the forthcoming upstream migration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050165
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection characteristics of an ultralow-energy measurable pure-germanium detector in the hundreds-eV photon-energy region : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2317-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the energy range from 1 keV down to a few hundred eV, a newly developed "ultralow-energy measurable'' pure-Ge detector for a pulse-height analysis and a current-mode observation has been characterized using synchrotron radiation monochromatized by a grasshopper monochromator at the Photon Factory of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK). X-ray measurements in this low-energy region were previously tried out using several types of "windowless'' Si(Li) detectors. These detectors, however, had trouble, including temporal variations in the quantum efficiencies because of their detector-surface deteriorations due to various impurities in vacuum chambers. Our pure-Ge detector has a 4000-A(ring) thick polymer window metalized by a 1400-A(ring) thick Al supported by a 100-μm apart Si-ribbed structure. However, for this liquid-nitrogen-cooled detector with the special window, its actual energy-response data are not available at this time. Therefore, the investigations of its characteristics are reported particularly for the purpose of the reliable x-ray observations in such a low-energy regime. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145675
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping the genetic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 for cell tropism and replication efficiency (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Two distinct infectious molecular clones of human immunodeficiency type 2 (HIV-2) were analyzed for their biological properties in six cell lines. Fourteen chimeric and ten mutant viruses were constructed from these two viral genomes to localize the genetic determinants responsible for the phenotypes. Growth property of the viruses in the cell lines, together with the biochemical data, showed that a major determinant for the viral tropism resides in the env gene. In addition, in some cell lines, the accessory genes vif and nef affected the efficiency of virus replication. Thus, like HIV-1, mutations in the auxiliary and env genes of HIV-2 contributed much to the differences in virological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050307
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and associated telencephalic anomalies: MRI (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 302-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; dysgenesis ; Developmental anomalies ; Probst's bundles ; Anterior commissure ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analysed the MRI findings in 23 patients with callosal dysgenesis in relation to their associated telencephalic anomalies to investigate the morphological significance of the development of Probst's bundles and the anterior commissure in congenital callosal dysgenesis. We classified callosal dysgenesis into three types: total defect (9 patients), partial defect (7) and hypoplasia (7). Associated anomalies were observed in 15 patients, including migration disorder (8 patients), micrencephaly (5), and lipoma (2). The remaining 8 patients had no associated anomalies. Probst's bundles were not identified in 4 patients with a severe migration disorder. An absent or hypoplastic anterior commissure was observed in 9 of the 16 patients with callosal defect and all 7 of those with callosal hypoplasia. Colpocephaly and keyhole dilatation of the temporal horns were seen in 16 and 21 patients, respectively. Callosal dysgenesis may occur not only through a defect in the callosal anlage, but also from impaired growth of axonal fibres projecting from the cerebral isocortex. Therefore, associated telencephalic anomalies may be responsible for additional features in callosal dysgenesis. Consequently, identification of Probst's bundles and the anterior commissure may be important when assessing cortical development in patients with callosal dysgenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050414
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine motion strategy in three-dimensional space using skill-based backprojection (1998)
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 2 (1998), S. 134-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: Manipulation skill ; Fine motion planning ; Backprojection ; Configuration space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The motion of manipulation in a task can be decomposed into several motion primitives called “skills.” Skill-based motion planning gives the possibility of performing tasks as skillfully as human beings do. On the other hand, the backprojection method performed in configuration space has often been used in fine-motion planning. This paper describes fine-motion planning in three-dimensional space using skill-based backprojection. Now that skill-based planning in three-dimensional space has been developed, it becomes possible to plan manipulation motions like the behavior of the human hand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471170
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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