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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To investigate a possible relationship between a deficiency in serum selenium concentration and first trimester miscarriage.Design An observational study.Setting A teaching hospital in South Wales.Participants and methods Serum selenium, albumin and total protein concentration were measured in 40 women admitted with first trimester nonrecurrent miscarriage. The results were compared with an equal number of age-matched nonpregnant healthy volunteers, and also from 40 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic for booking in the first trimester.Results A reduction in serum selenium normally occurs in the first trimester of pregnancies that progress to term. However, a further statistically highly significant decrease in serum selenium was observed in those women who miscarried.Conclusion Further studies are required to assess the potential benefits of selenium supplements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 990-1002 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Solvent flattening is a useful constraint for the early stages of crystallographic structure determination. However, sometimes it fails to produce significant improvement of poor experimental or molecular-replacement phases. This often occurs as a result of incorrect parameterization. In addition, the potential of overfitting or misinterpretation of the data exists. We have implemented a cross-validated (or free) R value in order to reduce this risk. The free R value was calculated between the experimental Fobs(h) and the calculated structure factors, Fsf(h), obtained by inverse Fourier transformation of the solvent-flattened electron density. Because of the sensitivity of the free R value to the test set selection at low resolution complete cross-validation may be required. The reliability of this approach was assessed by examining the correlation between the free R value and the known phase errors for two test cases. A high correlation was found upon variation of the extent of negative density elimination, figure of merit estimation, and the relative weighting in the phase combination procedure. The free R value can be used to optimize parameters of density-modification procedures when independent phase error estimates are unavailable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5514-5517 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Near-field scanning optical microscopy is used to determine the field structure within a noncircularly symmetric optical fiber. The output from an elliptical core fiber is measured and found to be in good agreement with the field predicted using a point matching method and fiber parameters determined from the preform. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the frequency of neuronal rhythm-generating networks is partly controlled by the size of the active premotor interneuron population. We have tested possible mechanisms for frequency changes in a population model of the Xenopus laevis embryo spinal rhythm-generating networks for swimming. After initiation by a brief sensory excitation, the frequency of swimming activity decreases to a steady level determined by the properties of the 24 interneurons and their connections. The initial frequency decrease was dependent on the time-course of initiating sensory synaptic excitation. When some premotor excitatory interneurons were given weaker synaptic connections to reflect the variability in the spinal cord, they could drop out and stop firing during the initial frequency decrease while swimming activity continued. If the synaptic input of such weak excitatory interneurons was graded finely, they could drop out consecutively. This led to further decreases in the level of tonic excitation and in network frequency which depended on the number, type and distribution of excitatory interneurons that stopped firing. Silent weak excitatory interneurons could be recruited by a second sensory excitation and cause an increase in tonic depolarization and frequency which outlasted the sensory input. Such recruitment could occur on both sides after local sensory stimulation to only one region or one side of the model. We conclude that these computer simulations support the hypothesis that premotor interneuron drop-out and recruitment is one mechanism which can control frequency in a locomotor central pattern generator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background IgE titres tend to rise early after the start of immunotherapy, followed by a decline to pre-immunotherapy levels or lower.Objectives We were interested to ktiow whether the early increase in IgE antibodies includes new specificities of IgE, and whether these responses persist.Methods Sera of 64 patients undergoing grass pollen immunotherapy were tested for IgE against four purified grass pollen allergens: Lol p 1. 2, 3, and 5. At least two serum samples were taken, one before the start of therapy and one between 5 and 18 months after the first immunization (mean: 10 months).Results The mean IgE responses to Lol p 1, 2 and 3 showed a moderate but not significant increase. In contrast, the mean IgE response to Lol p 5 showed a significant decrease of 〉30%. IgE against total Lolium perenne pollen extract moderately increased (〉20%), showing that a RAST for total pollen is not always indicative for the development of IgE against its major allergens. For 〉40% of the patients it was found that IgE against one or more of the four allergens increased, while IgE against the remaining allergen(s) decreased. Eor 10 sera the ratio of IgE titres against at least two allergens changed by at least a factor of 5. The changes in specific IgE also included conversions from negative (〈 0.1 RU) to positive (0.6 to 5.0 RU) for five patients. For two patients, the induction of these ‘new’ IgE antibodies against major allergens was shown to result in a response that was persistent over several years.Conclusion Although active induction of new IgE specificities by immunotherapy was not really proven, the observations in this study indicate that monitoring of IgE against purified (major) allergens is necessary to evaluate changes in specific IgE in a reliable way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Solution cadmium (Cd) concentrations and sorption and desorption of native and added Cd were studied in a range of New Zealand soils. The concentration of Cd in solution and the concentrations and patterns of native soil Cd desorbed and added Cd sorbed and desorbed varied greatly between the 29 soils studied. Correlation analysis revealed that pH was the most dominant soil variable affecting solution Cd concentration and sorption and desorption of native and added Cd in these soils. However, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total soil Cd were also found to be important. Multiple regression analysis showed that the log concentration of Cd in solution was strongly related to soil pH, organic matter and total Cd, which in combination explained 76% of the variation between soils. When data from the present study were combined into a single multiple regression with soil data from a previously published study, the equation generated could explain 81% of the variation in log Cd solution concentration. This reinforces the importance of pH, organic matter and total Cd in controlling solution Cd concentrations. Simple linear regression analysis could at best explain 53% of the total variation in Cd sorption or desorption for the soils studied. Multiple regression analysis showed that native Cd desorption was related to pH, organic matter and total Cd, which in combination explained 85% of the variation between soils. For sorption of Cd (from 2 μg Cd g–1 soil added), pH and organic matter in combination explained 75% of the variation between soils. However, for added Cd desorption (%), pH and CEC explained 77%. It is clear that the combined effects of a range of soil properties control the concentration of Cd in solution, and of sorption and desorption of Cd in soils. The fraction of potentially desorbable added Cd in soils could also be predicted from a soil’s Kd value. This could have value for assessing both the mobility of Cd in soil and its likely availability to plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 697-703 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A special procedure is applied to remove the non-physical distortion that always appears when numerically calculating velocity and related quantities in the close vicinity of a discretized vortex sheet. The procedure is used in conjunction with a semi-Lagrangian boundary integral method to study the flowfield beneath free surface standing water waves. Pressure, velocity and acceleration are calculated below the wave and some aspects of crest formation are investigated. At large depths results confirm the existence of an unattenuated oscillatory pressure component, giving behavior consistent with previously known theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 1051-1064 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Arclength continuation methods are used to conduct a detailed branching study of standing wave solutions for fluids in a rectangular container, using depth and crest acceleration as control parameters. At each depth the applicable acceleration range extends between zero and one, and a number of multiple solution structures are uncovered. An intimate connection is established between these structures and the phenomenon of harmonic resonance. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 510-513 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning near-field optical microscopy is used to measure the mode profile and evanescent field of a Ge-doped D-shaped optical fiber. The structure of the fiber is determined by differential etching followed by an investigation of the resultant topography with an atomic force microscope. This information is then used to theoretically model the expected behavior of the fiber and it is shown that the theoretical results are in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed field. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @photogrammetric record 15 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Unique place-names are essential for scientific fieldwork in Antarctica. This shorter contribution describes how duplication of place-names in British Antarctic Territory has been avoided by the systematic naming of geographically related features according to groups of associated ideas. One such theme, commemorating pioneers in the development of photogrammetry, recognizes the important contribution of photogrammetry to Antarctic mapping and research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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