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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of food quantity and temperature on development and growth of the marine copepod Calanus chilensis from northern Chile (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An experiment under laboratory conditions was conducted to test the hypothesis that development and growth of copepodite stages in Calanus chilensis are temperature-dependent and not subject to food shortage in the upwelling area of the Humboldt Current, northern Chile. Field data obtained from June 1994 to May 1995 in Bahía Mejillones (23°S) were used to define four combinations of temperature and food under which copepodites were reared from Stage CIII to adulthood. The high temperature was 18.1 °C and the low temperature 13.1 °C, whereas the high food level was in the range of 6.8 to 24.8 μg l−1 chlorophyll a and the low level 1.0 to 6.8 μg l−1 chlorophyll a. As food a mixture of three unknown species of phytoflagellates and the diatom Navicula cryptocephala was used. This phytoplankton was initially obtained from the same sampling sites as copepods and kept in f/2 media at stable levels and composition throughout the experiment. The development rate (1/t), estimated from the time (t) elapsing between Stage CIV and adult, was significantly affected by both temperature and food, although low-food effects were much more remarkable. Low-food conditions also significantly reduced body length and “structural” (lipid-discounted) body mass at adulthood, while temperature only affected body length. The weight-specific growth rate was also affected by food and temperature, but again food effects were much more drastic. The results indicate that C. chilensis is a highly sensitive species to lack of food, and is possibly subject to food shortage during its annual cycle in the coastal upwelling area of northern Chile. Food limitation may help explain the seasonal pattern of adult size reported by previous studies in the area and the lack of consistence between the number of generations predictable from a temperature-dependent model and that observed in the field during the annual cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050093
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new simple method to perform pressure-volume curves obtained under quasi-static conditions during mechanical ventilation (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Pressure-volume curves ; Low flow inflation technique ; Pulmonary mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To describe a fast, simple method to acquire pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system and to compare this with a classic method in terms of reliability of the data and speed. Design: Acquisition of pressure-volume curves by low flow inflation technique (P-Vlf) versus the occlusion technique (P-Vst) using the standard equipment of a Cesar ventilator. Setting: General ICU – Aix en Provence Hospital. Patients: Ten sedated, curarized patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Interventions: P-Vlf curves were acquired by setting the ventilator parameters at f = 5 c./min, duty time Ti/Ttot = 80 %, VT = 1100 ml, pause time = 0. The pressure and volume data were collected directly on the ventilator screen. P-Vst curves were acquired using an airway occlusion technique. The pressures obtained for the same inflation volumes and times necessary for performance of the two techniques were compared. Results: The time needed to acquire a P-Vlf curve was 3 min versus 38 min for P-Vst curve. Concordance analysis between the two methods showed a 95 % confidence interval of (–0.5 cm H2O, + 1.8 cm H2O) for pressure. Conclusions: P-Vlf curves are close to P-Vst curves, are much less time-consuming, easy to acquire with Cesar ventilator equipment, and may be used in clinical routine to assess the elastic properties of the respiratory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050812
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and sequence analysis of the invertase gene INV 1 from the yeast Pichia anomala (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsPichia anomala ; Invertase ; Cloning ; Sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A genomic library from the yeast Pichia anomala has been constructed and employed to clone the gene encoding the sucrose-hydrolysing enzyme invertase by complementation of a sucrose non-fermenting mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cloned gene, INV1, was sequenced and found to encode a polypeptide of 550 amino acids which contained a 22 amino-acid signal sequence and ten potential glycosylation sites. The amino-acid sequence shows significant identity with other yeast invertases and also with Kluyveromyces marxianus inulinase, a yeast β-fructofuranosidase which has a different substrate specificity. The nucleotide sequences of the 5′ and 3′ non-coding regions were found to contain several consensus motifs probably involved in the initiation and termination of gene transcription.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050041
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of mutants as an approach to a transformation system in Kluyveromyces marxianus (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 30 (1996), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Keywords Kluyveromyces marxianus ; Yeast ; HIS3 ; Mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A method to obtain K. marxianus mutants has been developed. Different auxotrophic mutants were isolated by nystatin and snail-enzyme enrichment procedures using an incubation time of 2 h before adding the antibiotic or the enzyme respectively. All his mutants analyzed by complementation tests turned out to belong to the same complementation group. Some of them were transformed and complemented by the S. cerevisiae HIS3 gene. These non-reverting his3 mutants contain no heterologous sequence, which is essential to make them acceptable for application in the food industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOURCES OF RELATIVISTIC JETS IN THE GALAXY (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 37 (1999), S. 409-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Black holes of stellar mass and neutron stars in binary systems are first detected as hard X-ray sources using high-energy space telescopes. Relativistic jets in some of these compact sources are found by means of multiwavelength observations with ground-based telescopes. The X-ray emission probes the inner accretion disk and immediate surroundings of the compact object, whereas the synchrotron emission from the jets is observed in the radio and infrared bands, and in the future could be detected at even shorter wavelengths. Black-hole X-ray binaries with relativistic jets mimic, on a much smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars and are thus called microquasars. Because of their proximity, their study opens the way for a better understanding of the relativistic jets seen elsewhere in the Universe. From the observation of two-sided moving jets it is inferred that the ejecta in microquasars move with relativistic speeds similar to those believed to be present in quasars. The simultaneous multiwavelength approach to microquasars reveals in short timescales the close connection between instabilities in the accretion disk seen in the X-rays, and the ejection of relativistic clouds of plasma observed as synchrotron emission at longer wavelengths. Besides contributing to a deeper understanding of accretion disks and jets, microquasars may serve in the future to determine the distances of jet sources using constraints from special relativity, and the spin of black holes using general relativity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.409
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact protoplanetary disks around the stars of a young binary system (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Planet formation is believed to occur in the disks of gas and dust that surround young solar-type stars. Most stars, however, form in multiple systems, where the presence of a close companion could affect the structure of the disk and perhaps interfere with planet formation. It has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26421
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hafnia alvei as an opportunistic pathogen causing mortality in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Strains of Hafnia alvei caused mortalities in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., following intraperitoneal injection with LD50 values ranging between 1.3 × 104 and 2.5 × 107 bacteria fish−−1. These values are considered to represent a high to moderate degree of virulence. Virulent strains were isolated from non-fish sources. Fish surviving the LD50 values continued to harbour the organism in the kidney, suggesting the establishment of a carrier state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998.00116.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-year follow-up of newly diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome patients (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 13 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder seen by general physicians.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: We followed up a population-based cohort of newly diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome patients aged 20–79 years, to examine patterns of treatment, comorbidity and healthcare utilization. We used the UK General Practice Research Database as the source population. Individuals with other gastrointestinal diseases, cancer and pregnant women were not included. There were 2956 patients in our final cohort.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: Irritable bowel syndrome patients were mainly young and middle-aged; only 12% were 60 years or older. The majority of patients were women (74%). There were no marked differences in terms of use of healthcare services or comorbidity status in the year before irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis as compared to the year after. Fourteen per cent of irritable bowel syndrome patients received no drug treatment at all. Among those treated, the first choice was an antispasmodic. Elderly patients (〉 60 years old) were more likely to receive drug treatment. Females had a slightly higher probability of being treated than men, except for the category of anti-diarrhoeal drugs.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion: This study has shown that irritable bowel syndrome patients are mainly young and female. We also found that treatment pattern varied according to age and gender. Elderly patients and females were at a higher risk of receiving drug treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00576.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic support for cell cultures (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Research was carried out on the use of ceramics as supports to host mammalian cells. The research was part of a programme whose priority was to study the possibility of using ceramics in the non-traditional sector of the biomedical field. The aim of the study was also to verify the suitability of particular types of ceramics dealt with in the literature for these applications. Among the different samples tested the cordieritic one proved to be very interesting, at least in relation to the cellular cultures considered. The chemical composition of the material is not, however, the only important aspect, since other parameters concur to make the hosting of cells highly acceptable. Of particular importance is the rugosity and porosity of the surface and its flaking, not only externally, but also in the pores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058720
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Mineral Content and Density in Professional Tennis Players (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: DXA — Bone mass — Body composition — Osteoporosis — Tennis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Total and regional bone mineral content (BMC) as well as lean and fat mass were measured in nine male professional tennis players (TPs) and 17 nonactive subjects; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for measuring. The mean (±SD) age, body mass, and height were 26 ± 6 and 24 ± 3 years, 77 ± 10 and 74 ± 9 kg, and 180 ± 6 and 178 ± 6 cm for the TP and the control group (CG), respectively. The whole body composition for BMC, lean mass, and fat of the TP was similar to that observed in the CG. The tissue composition of the arms and legs was determined from the regional analysis of the whole-body DXA scan. The arm region included the hand, forearm, and arm, and was separated from the trunk by an inclined line crossing the scapulo-humeral joint. In the TP, the arm tissue mass (BMC + fat + lean mass) was about 20% greater in the dominant compared with the contralateral arm because of a greater lean (3772 ± 500 versus 3148 ± 380 g, P 〈 0.001) and BMC (229.0 ± 43.5 versus 188.2 ± 31.9 g, P 〈 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were observed either in BMC or BMD between arms in the CG. Total mass, lean mass, and BMC were greater in the dominant arm of the TP than in the CG (all P 〈 0.05). In the TP, BMD was similar in both legs whereas in the CG, BMD was greater in the right leg. Lumbar spine (L2–L4) BMD, adjusted for body mass and height, was 15% greater in the TP than in the CG (P 〈 0.05). Femoral neck BMDs (femoral neck, Ward's triangle, greater trochanter, and intertrochanteric regions) adjusted for body mass and height were 10–15% greater in the TP (all P 〈 0.05). Ward's triangle BMD was correlated with the maximal leg extension isometric strength (r = 0.77, P 〈 0.05) even when adjusted for body mass (r = 0.76, P 〈 0.05) and height (r = 0.77, P 〈 0.05). In summary, the participation in tennis is associated with increased BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. These results may have implications for devising exercise strategies in young and middle-aged persons to prevent involutional osteoporosis later in life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900467
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