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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection by a cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, rolipram, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP against Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse hepatitis (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 380-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words:P. acnes/LPS hepatitis model — Macrophages/ Kupffer cells — Tumor necrosis factor-α— Phosphodiesterase — Rolipram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To study the effect of cellular cAMP-increasing agents on Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse hepatitis.¶Material: Male BALB/c mice were used. Macrophages/Kupffer cells isolated from P. acnes-primed murine liver were used for the in vitro study.¶Treatment: Type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE)-specific inhibitor, rolipram, was administered (10, 30 mg/kg, p.o.). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) was injected (10, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) into the mice.¶Method: Plasma TNFα estimated by the use of an L-929 cell cytotoxic assay and plasma transaminase activities were measured for the in vivo study. The LPS-induced production of TNFα in vitro from the cultured macrophage/Kupffer cells was determined by ELISA.¶Results: Rolipram suppressed the elevation of plasma transaminases induced by injection of LPS, and dbcAMP had a tendency to suppress them. Both agents attenuated the LPS-induced release of TNFα in vivo, and suppressed the TNFα production from the cultured macrophage/Kupffer cells.¶Conclusions: These results suggest that rolipram and dbcAMP have potential to inhibit TNFa production from activated macrophage/Kupffer cells, and it may be partially involved in the protecting effect in the P. acnes/LPS hepatitis model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050475
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of chloroplast ribosomal RNA genes and in vitro self-splicing activity of the large subunit rRNA intron from the green alga Chlorella vulgaris C-27 (1997)
    Springer
    Current genetics 31 (1997), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsChlorella ; rrn23 ; Self-splicing ; Group I-intron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sequencing of the rRNA gene (rrn) cluster of Chlorella vulgaris C-27 chloroplasts has revealed a striking organizational difference in comparison to another species of the same genus, Chlorella ellipsoidea C-87. The rrn23 gene in C. vulgaris is also split. However, the 815-bp intervening sequence in this gene has been identified as a group-I intron. An in vitro rrn23 transcript containing the entire intron and parts of flanking exon sequences is able to self-splice in vitro in the presence of GTP and Mg++. Accurate ligation of the exons has been confirmed by sequencing the cDNA of the spliced products. GTP labelling of total Chlorella RNA in vitro has revealed that the number of self-splicing RNAs present in Chlorella chloroplasts is limited compared to that found in other green algal species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050237
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum to “Cloning, sequencing and complementation analysis of the recA gene from Prevotella ruminicola” [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 144 (1996) 53–59]1 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 145 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08619.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative Effect of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Pulsed Macrophages on T Cells from Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis and Inhibition of Effect by IgG (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The authors have previously reported that homologous immunoglobulin (Ig)G reduces the occurrence of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, mainly by suppressing recruitment of immunocompetent cells into colitis lesions. However, the mechanisms of cell recruitment and of its suppression by IgG remain unclear. In addressing these questions, this study focused on the activation of T cells in the presence of macrophages. The authors found that [3H]-thymidine uptake of T cells from DSS-induced colitis mice, but not from normal mice, was significantly enhanced when cultured with DSS-pulsed macrophages. From the profile of cytokine production, it was suggested that T helper 1 (Th1)-type cells become predominant during stimulation. Addition of homologous IgG significantly suppressed T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, while no suppressive effect was observed with heterologous IgG. Mouse IgG F(ab′)2, but not Fc, fragments partially mimicked the suppressive effect of whole IgG. These findings provide evidence that Th1-type cells may play an important role in the development of DSS-induced colitis and that homologous IgG exerts its protective action at least in part through the F(ab′)2 portion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-169.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Targeted deletion of sprA from the tobacco plastid genome indicates that the encoded small RNA is not essential for pre-16S rRNA maturation in plastids (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 257 (1997), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words spRNA ; sprA gene ; Targeted gene deletion ; Maturation of pre-16S rRNA ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The small plastid RNA (spRNA) which includes a segment that is complementary to the pre-16S rRNA has been suggested to facilitate maturation of pre-16S rRNA in tobacco. To investigate the function of spRNA, the gene encoding it (sprA) was removed from the plastid genome using targeted gene deletion. We report here that deletion of sprA does not significantly affect pre-16S rRNA maturation, nor does it cause any obvious phenotype. Although the spRNA still may be involved in rRNA maturation, it is non-essential under normal growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050619
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcript analysis of the tobacco plastid operon rps2/atpI/H/F/A reveals the existence of a non-consensus type II (NCII) promoter upstream of the atpI coding sequence (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 257 (1998), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsatpI/H/F/A Operon ; Differential promoter usage ; NCII promoter ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Transcriptional analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The plastid ATP synthase complex is composed of nine subunits, of which six are encoded in the plastome. The plastid-encoded genes are arranged in two transcriptional units: atpB/E and atpI/H/F/A. We have recently reported that besides containing four −10 and −35 consensus-type (CT) promoters, the atpB/E operon also contains a non-consensus type (NCII) promoter that alone is responsible for its expression in non-photosynthetic plastids. As the functionality of ATP synthase requires expression of all nine subunits, NCII promoter-driven transcription of the atpI/H/F/A operon is to be expected in non-photosynthetic plastids. Therefore, a detailed transcriptional analysis of this operon was carried out using RNA samples from tobacco leaf, cultured cells (BY-2) and seedlings grown on streptomycin and spectinomycin; which contain chloroplasts, translationally active non-photosynthetic plastids and translationally inactive plastids, respectively. We identified a total of three transcription initiation sites (TIS) and four transcript processing sites in the non-coding regions of this operon. Our results also demonstrate that rps2 is co-transcribed with the atpI/H/F/A genes. One of the TIS (−208 atpI) is characterized by an NCII type promoter, while other two primary transcripts (−131 atpI and −384 atpH) initiate from CT promoters. In non-photosynthetic plastids the atpI/H/F/A-specific transcript pool seems to be solely contributed by initiation at the −208 atpI (NCII type) promoter, because transcripts from CT promoters do not accumulate in these plastid types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050651
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA editing sites in tobacco chloroplast transcripts: editing as a possible regulator of chloroplast RNA polymerase activity (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 462-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Chloroplast ; Tobacco ; Post-transcriptional regulation ; RNA editing ; RNA polymerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic information in chloroplast DNA is sometimes altered at the transcript level by a process known as RNA editing. Sequence analysis of amplified cDNAs for 69 potential editing sites revealed 13 real editing sites in transcripts of 11 tobacco chloroplast genes. Together with those reported previously, these bring the total of edited sites observed in tobacco chloroplast transcripts to 31 (all involve C to U conversion). Alignment of sequences around the 31 editing sites revealed no obvious consensus, apart from an apparent bias for U or C at position −1 and A at position +2. Editing in tobacco rpoA mRNA restores the conserved leucine residue which is known to be important for transcriptional activation of the α subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. Editing of this site is partial and the extent of editing depends on developmental conditions, suggesting that editing is, at least in part, involved in the regulation of chloroplast-encoded RNA polymerase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A ribosomal protein gene (rpl32) from tobacco chloroplast DNA is transcribed from alternative promoters: similarities in promoter region organization in plastid housekeeping genes (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 251 (1996), S. 518-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Tobacco BY2 cells ; Chloroplast transcription ; Ribosomal protein gene ; Alternative promoters-In vitro capping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multiple transcriptional start sites have been identified in the tobacco plastid ribosomal protein generpl32 by RNA mapping and in vitro capping techniques. A promoter with a canonical −10 Pribnow Box (P1) produces a major transcript in leaf chloroplasts. Transcription is also driven from additional promoters in non-photosynthetic plastids from heterotrophically cultured cells (BY2 line). Among them, a second promoter located downstream (P2) generates the most prominent transcript in this type of cell. The absence of typical plastid promoter motifs upstream of this site and the higher steady-state level of the P2-derived transcript in BY2 cells suggest a distinct modulation of transcription. Mobility shift experiments also seem to indicate the existence of differences in protein-DNA binding between both kinds of plastids with respect to a DNA fragment including the sequence upstream from the P2 starting site. The structure of therpl32 promoter region is discussed in relation to that of other plastid housekeeping genes encoding elements of the genetic machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173640
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-scale dependence of the lepton flavor-mixing matrix (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 10 (1999), S. 677-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We study an energy-scale dependence of the lepton flavor-mixing matrix in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the effective dimension-five operators, which give Majorana masses of neutrinos. We analyze the renormalization group equations of the coefficients ( $\kappa_{ij}$ ) of these effective operators under an approximation that neglects terms of order $\kappa^2$ . We find that only $n_\mathrm{g}-1$ (where $n_\mathrm{g}$ is the generation number) real independent parameters in the lepton flavor-mixing matrix depend on the energy scale. In particular, all the phases in $\kappa$ are scale-independent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100529900152
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Updated Gene Map of Tobacco Chloroplast DNA (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007564209282
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