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  • 1995-1999  (9)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3655-3660 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The presence of a small amount of Mo was shown to have a significant effect on the C49–TiSi2 to C54–TiSi2 phase transformation in the Ti–Si reaction. The formation of the C54–TiSi2 phase was facilitated when an ultrathin layer of either Mo or α-MoSix was inserted at or close to the Ti/Si interface. Mo deposited on the surface of Ti had no beneficial effect on the Ti–silicide reaction; neither did Mo implanted into preexisting C49–TiSi2 films. The optimum thickness of interfacial Mo and α-MoSix layers was found to be less than 0.3 nm. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction investigations demonstrated that Mo did not alter the sequence of the Ti–Si reaction, as proposed in recent studies. Rather, the most obvious effect of molybdenum was a reduction of the grain size of the C49–TiSi2 phase, which could lead to an increase in the nucleation density of the desired C54–TiSi2 phase and account for the observed reduction in formation temperature. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7820-7829 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have measured current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics of epitaxial Si(111)7×7–Ag, Si(111)((square root of)3×(square root of)3)R30°–Ag, Si(100)2×1–Ag, and polycrystalline Ag/Si interfaces, using different doping levels for both n- and p-type silicon wafers. Our data strongly suggest that the Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) are spatially nonuniform. The distribution of local effective SBHs at the epitaxial interfaces is modeled by a summation of a single Gaussian, representing the spread in SBH for the majority of the contact, and two half-Gaussians which represent the high- and low-barrier tails of the full distribution. Despite the fact that the average SBHs of the epitaxial interfaces are hardly structure dependent, the SBH distributions are very broad and markedly different for each interface. The polycrystalline interfaces are characterized by a narrower SBH distribution centered at a substantially smaller mean. We argue that the electrical inhomogeneity is related to structural inhomogeneity at the interface which is a direct consequence of the kinetics and mode of growth of Ag on Si. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2164-2166 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A thin (1–3 nm) Ti layer is shown to improve the uniformity and the thermal stability of CoSi2 layers grown on Si substrates. The beneficial effect of the Ti(TiN) cap is demonstrated for a variety of CoSi2 layers, including Ti-interlayer mediated epitaxial (TIME) CoSi2/Si(100), polycrystalline CoSi2/Si(100), and CoSi2/polycrystalline Si. The increased uniformity and stability of the silicide layers are speculated to result from reduced surface and interface diffusion during nitrogen and/or vacuum anneals. In the case of TIME CoSi2/Si(100), both the use of a Ti cap and the removal of a metastable Ti4Co4Si7 overlayer prior to high-temperature anneals are found important for the fabrication of uniform, single-crystal layers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2289-2291 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have determined the native point defects concentrations in silicon with single and polycrystalline CoSi2 films by annealing Sb and B doping superlattices at 850 °C/60 min in N2. The polycrystalline film results in enhanced Sb diffusion in Si, indicating a vacancy supersaturation (CV/CV*)∼2.4±0.8, while the single crystal film maintains a vacancy concentration near equilibrium. Boron diffusion is retarded by the same amount by both films, indicating an interstitial undersaturation (CI/CI*∼0.3±0.1). This directly implies that CoSi2 grain boundaries are the cause of the higher vacancy supersaturation that is well known to occur during standard Co silicidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3461-3463 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Uniform, single-crystal CoSi2 layers have been grown on Si by the technique of oxide mediated epitaxy (OME). Deposition of a thin layer of cobalt (1–3 nm) onto surfaces covered with a thin silicon oxide layer and annealing at 500–700 °C led to the growth of epitaxial, essentially uniform, CoSi2 layers on the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of Si. The nucleation and growth of silicide apparently occurred subsurface, leaving the silicon oxide layer largely on the surface of the silicide after the growth. On all surfaces, thicker (10–30 nm), excellent quality, CoSi2 single-crystal thin films have been grown by repeated growth sequences. Experimental results are presented along with a discussion on the possible roles played by the thin oxide layer in promoting the epitaxial growth of silicide. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1933-1935 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The nucleation of Ti silicide at the surfaces of Si was studied. Deposition of Ti and codeposition of TiSix at elevated temperatures on single crystal and amorphous Si led to the direct growth of silicides. The temperature and composition of the deposition and the crystallinity of the substrate were found to have a strong effect on the phases(s) of the silicide layer. A remarkably low nucleation temperature, ∼500 °C, for the low-resistivity C54-TiSi2 phase was observed on amorphous Si. Stoichiometric and uniform TiSi2 layers were grown with the depositions of pure Ti. On crystalline Si, uniform TiSi2 layers were also grown at ∼500 °C with the deposition of essentially Ti. The significant difference between silicide formation in the present scheme and that under conventional silicide processing was discussed in terms of a possible circumvention of precursor amorphous salicide phases during surface nucleation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2538-2540 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The thermal stability of thin CoSi2 layers is demonstrated to improve with the use of oxygen-containing annealing ambients. Pinhole formation observed in 11–27 nm thick CoSi2 layers after anneals at 800 °C in nitrogen and vacuum is found to be eliminated when oxygen is used as the annealing ambient. A thin SiO2 layer grown during oxygen anneals, which curbs surface diffusion and reduces the rates of kinetic processes, is thought to be the primary reason for the retardation of layer agglomeration. The beneficial effect of air exposure and wet etches to the integrity of thin CoSi2 layers is also shown. These findings suggest the inclusion of oxygen in certain Co salicide processing steps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2386-2388 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The silicide formation characteristics from composition profiles created on Si by codepositions was investigated. It was shown that a thin interfacial amorphous TiSix layer, with x∼0.5–1, deposited between Si and the Ti film led to a significant reduction in the observed C49→C54 TiSi2 transformation temperature. The presence of the amorphous interfacial TiSix layer slowed down the initial silicidation rate, but promoted the nucleation of the final C54 TiSi2 phase. Predeposition and preannealing were also found to facilitate the growth of C54 TiSi2, as was growth from codeposited full TiSix layers with Ti-rich compositions. The efficacy of the (interfacial) TiSix layer was demonstrated for different temperature ramp rates and for a variety of substrates including undoped α-Si, preamorphized n+-Si, and preamorphized p+-Si. But this effect was found to be absent on single crystal Si. Possible mechanisms of the observed effects were discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2870-2872 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Boron- and Sb-doped superlattice samples have been used to investigate intrinsic point defects in Si after formation of TiSi2 and CoSi2 films from codeposited metal and Si. The as-deposited films had the compositions Ti, TiSi0.8, TiSi2.2, and CoSi0.8. After annealing in argon for 1 h at 850 °C, the films formed TiSi2 and CoSi2, respectively. All samples showed the same slight interstitial undersaturation and vacancy supersaturation. Since TiSi2 and all its precursor phases form completely by Si diffusion and the CoSi+Si→CoSi2 transformation occurs by Co diffusion, this indicates that the diffusing species during film growth is not the determining factor in the point defect perturbance in the Si substrate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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